Monument rau Ivanu Groznomu: hauj lwm, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Ivan Grozny - ib tug es muaj teeb meem daim duab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm peb lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, qhov no yog ib tug competent kav, ua yog toog pom strategist, ntse politician thiab ib tug txawj ntse txawj sau ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam - ib tug misogynist, ib tug tyrant thiab synoubiytsa. Kom txog rau thaum lub sij hawm no tus neeg ntawm Ivan IV twb ntes xwb nyob rau lub paintings thiab sculptures uas nto moo ntxias. Tab sis muaj ib lub tswv yim rau tebchaws ib monument Ivanu Groznomu nyob rau hauv Russia ib tug ob peb xyoos dhau los. Yuav ua li cas tuaj tawm ntawm nws, thiab peb kawm tau nyob rau hauv.

Cov tsos Ivana Groznogo

Los ntawm daim ntawv qhov chaw uas tau nqes los rau hauv peb hnub, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua mus txiav txim rau cov tsos ntawm cov thawj Lavxias teb sab tsar. Lawv hais lus xwb ntawm kev - siab, sib sib zog nqus-set ob lub qhov muag thiab ib tug shapely daim duab. Peb nco ntsoov cov decrepit txiv neej laus laus nrog lub painting Vasnetsov "Ivan Grozny tua nws tus tub." Tab sis li ntawd nws nruab nrab yog cov artist kawg ntawm nws lub neej, thiab nrog rau qhov kav duab muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua li cas.

Lub Xeev Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg khaws cia bronze duab puab Ivana Groznogo, ua los ntawm cov artist Mark Matveevich Antakolskim. Nws yog tsim heev meej rau cov neeg piav qhia, uas tau paub nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub 19th caug xyoo. Monument rau Ivanu Groznomu yuav tsum tau heev leej, txwv tsis pub yuav ua li cas qhia qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub keeb kwm duab?

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thib nees nkaum xyoo pua, zaum M. M. Gerasimovym twb rebuilt replica ntawm tus pas ntsuas seem rau ib tug kuaj lub cev uas tau tuag.

Tus thawj lub tswv yim rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub monument

Nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Lyubimov Yaroslavl cheeb tsam muaj lub tswv yim los tsim kom tau cov thawj monument Ivanu Groznomu. Cov zaj dab neeg ntawm nws deplorable. Nyob rau hauv 2005, lub zos cov tub ceev xwm twb npaj txhij los mus siv rau qhov project npaj thiab pom zoo cov nuj nqis zoo li intervened Archbishop ntawm Yaroslavl cheeb tsam. Nws xa mus rau cov pej xeem prosecutor thiab tsoom fwv teb chaws kev soj ntsuam xyuas nrog rau cov kev thov kom tsis txhob erection ntawm lub monument, txij li thaum cov duab ntawm Ivana Groznogo yog txuam nrog aggression cov neeg nyob thiab mob heev thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau worsening ntawm lub txim txhaum qhov teeb meem no. Yog vim li cas inhabitants ntawm ib tug me me lub zos, ntsia cov thawj Lavxias teb sab tsar, yuav tsis muaj lawm tua thiab rape, yog tsis paub. Tab sis senior kev tswj yog ntshai lub txim, thiab kom khov rau peb tes num.

Muaj koj puas tau wondered yog vim li cas kom deb li deb muaj tsis muaj monument rau tus poj huab tais? Yog vim li cas yog lub installation ntawm lub monument Ivanu Groznomu nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab - yog ib lub tswv yim uas sawv xwb ib tug ob peb xyoos dhau los? Thiab cov kev sib tham nyob rau hauv no qhov teeb meem tsis poob ntsiag to. Ib nrab ntawm lub zej zog xav xav pom lub ntsej muag ntawm tus thawj huab tais, thaum lub lwm yam qhia nws categorical "tsis tau."

Ivan Grozny thiab cov monument "xyoo txhiab of Russia"

Ib qho ntawm feem nquag nug cov lus nug nyob rau hauv Veliky Novgorod: yog vim li cas lub monument "xyoo txhiab of Russia" yog tsis Ivana Groznogo? Xwb, no duab puab - lub embodiment ntawm tag nrho cov greatness, uas mus txog lub hwj chim Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Nws depicts nuj nqis los ntawm txawv eras: tus poj vaj, kws tshawb fawb, cov kws qhia ntawv, sau ntawv, thawj coj tub rog thiab muaj nqi heev. Yog Ivan Grozny tsis tsim nyog muaj nyob rau ntawm ib tug par nrog lawv? Txawm ntau ceeb yog hais tias tus txiv Ivan IV - Ivan III nyob rau monument muaj. Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug cov lus dag nyob rau hauv cov txheej xwm uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv 1570.

Novgorod thiab oprichnina

Nyob rau hauv 1569, ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg ntawm Novgorod nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm qias neeg thiab Skuratov npaj ib tug nquag intrigue tiv thaiv tus huab tais, tus aim ntawm uas yog kom tshem tawm nws los ntawm lub zwm txwv. Txaus ntshai lub sij hawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib yog vague, qhov txhia chaw - plots thiab tib cov me nyuam. Thiab tus huab tais kawm txog nws. Tab sis nws tsis ua tam sim ntawd tus perpetrators, thiab tus kheej mus rau Novgorod thiab ua ib tug "muaj koob muaj npe lub tsev hais plaub", uas tua tag nrho cov ua nom ua tswv ntawm lub nroog. Tus huab tais laj mej pej xeem tua thiab instigators thiab txhua leej txhua tus uas tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv no. Thiab cov tua neeg hom kev kawm tau zoo heev sadistic, muaj feem xyuam rau cov poj niam, cov me nyuam thiab cov neeg laus. Tus huab tais qhov kev chim ntaus tsis tsuas yog nyob rau Novgorod lub Great, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub monasteries lwm tus lub nroog. Sib daj sib deev ntawd kub ntev li ib tug ntev rau lub lim tiam. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, lub nroog los ua neeg pluag. Nws tau poob nws cov qub tseem ceeb raws li ib tug chaw kev lag luam thiab kev cai lub neej. Tom qab no tragic txheej xwm Novgorod yeej tsis ua raws li kuj zoo kawg thiab yeej tsis zam txim rau nws tus vaj ntxwv countless murders.

Puas yuav ua tau mus nrhiav pov thawj rau hauv lub phem ntawm tus vajntxwv?

Yuav ua li cas yuav zoo rau tej yam Grozny, cov neeg yuav yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov txog nws tsuas yog tus phem. Qhov no twb lub essence ntawm cov tib neeg tus neeg. Vim li cas tsis muaj ib tug txiav ntaqwm hais tias los ntawm Grozny tseem ib tug zoo kawg hwj chim, vim hais tias yog hais tias tsis rau nws tus yees tes, lub teb chaws yuav tsum mired nyob rau hauv internecine kev tsov kev rog, los yog yuav muaj tau looted los haib neeg zej zog? Yog hais tias tsis yog rau nws kho thiab cov tub rog yeej, yuav muaj tsis muaj txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej. Tab sis tseem muaj ib tug ob peb tau faded nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg uas yog nws lub contemporaries, thiab cov neeg uas them keeb kwm cov txheej xwm.

Cia peb rov qab zoo li cas lub sij hawm cov kev cai ntawm tus huab tais. Nws yog lub Tsaus Hnub nyoog, teb chaws uprisings, nqa devastation thiab kev txom nyem. Leej niam thiab thawj tus poj niam tau tshuaj lom huab tais nws tus kheej twb dim ob peb tib cov me nyuam. Ivanu Groznomu tau mus tua txhoj puab heev txoj kev, nws tsuas yog vim hais tias thaum lub sij hawm uas nws twb tau mus subordinate cov neeg. Cov neeg raug ua phem pib, yam tsawg kawg 10 txhiab Lavxias teb sab pej xeem. Tab sis koj yuav tsis txiav txim nws tsis paub txog tiag tiag qhov teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm. Thiab yog hais tias cov kev xaiv yog? Tej zaum tsis, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias peb tsom xam cov kev ua ub ntawm ib co lwm yam kav cov vaj ntxwv ntawm lwm lub teb chaws, uas kav ib ncig ntawm lub tib lub sij hawm.

European kev

Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe nyob rau hauv nruab nrab 16th caug xyoo, lub sij hawm twb tsis qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Tsuas yog ib tug St. Palaumais nco qab txog los ntawm yav tom ntej tiam li ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev phem heev thiab wanton nruj kev tsiv. Lub xaav cov neeg phem tua yog tus Fabkis Korol Karl IX thiab nws niam Ekaterina Medichi. Infidels lawv kom mus tua thiab hlawv ncaj qha mus rau lawv tsev nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hmo ntuj. Nyob rau qhov no txaus ntshai hnub tua 30 txhiab tus neeg, thiab nws yog ib ob peb lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li raug tua Ivanom Groznym nyob rau hauv lub kaum xyoo ntawm nws reign.

Cov neeg pluag uprising nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees rau hauv lub xyoo 1524-1526 tua ntau tshaj li 100 txhiab tus neeg. Txawm li ntau kom lub tua ntawm Dutch Duke ntawm Alba, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov survivors tsuas raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub teb chaws. Yog li ntawd txaus ntshai ua cov tiv thaiv no tom qab uas tsis zoo li scary.

Ivan Grozny thiab lub nroog ntawm Orel

Xyoo no lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub Oka dej yog kev zoo siab nws cov 450th hnub tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv 1566th rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Ivana Groznogo thawj pob zeb tso rau ntawm no, uas cim yug ntawm ib tug me me kev sib hais haum, uas loj hlob los ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj thiab huv si nroog. Nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim, lub zos activists tau npaj siab mus txhim tsa ib tug monument Ivanu Groznomu nyob rau hauv Orel. Raws li cov tub ceev xwm, cov nyiaj rau lub monument tau pub los ntawm lag luam hauv zos, thiab cov nyiaj txiag twb tsis siv ib penny.

Tus tshiab monument twb yuav tsum tau qhib lub yim hli ntuj 3, 2016 thaum lub sij hawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm lub hnub ntawm lub dav dawb hau. Tab sis cov neeg ua ib tug tiag tiag rally, thiab cov kev tshwm sim yog ncua mus 16 Cuaj hlis. tsim ntawm lub monument Ivanu Groznomu nyob rau hauv Orel twb kev txhawb los ntawm lub Patriarch ntawm Moscow thiab Tag nrho Russia Kirill. Tus tswv xeev, nrog kev pab los ntawm xws li high neeg qhia mus ua hauj lwm rau sculptors.

Nyob rau account Ivana Groznogo - 155 raws li nyob rau hauv Nimes. Nws yog tsis tsuas cov dav dawb hau, tab sis kuj yog xws li lub chaw raws li Ufa thiab Cheboksary. Thiab nco ntsoov tias koj xav tau. Qhov no twb tab tshaj tawm hais tias tus yawg koob, uas tau npaj rau immortalize lub cim xeeb ntawm cov thawj huab tais nyob rau hauv bronze.

Sib tham nyob rau lub monument Ivanu Groznomu

Muaj ntau cov neeg nyob tiag sib ceg txog yog vim li cas Dav dawb hau monument Ivanu Groznomu. Tawm tsam nws twb tau los ntawm lub activists ntawm lub zos yeeb yam (nyob rau hauv lub square nyob ze ntawm lub palace ntawm kab lis kev cai yuav tsum loj dua cov tsos ntawm cov huab tais), cov liberals ntawm lub zos tog "Yabloko", raws li zoo raws li lub US Cua Dag Zog Yuam Channel. Soulmates koom rau hauv pab pawg, los tsim zej zog nyob rau hauv kev tes hauj lwm, haub ntxias kom cov neeg. Tus tswv xeev yog tawm tsam kom daws teeb meem, stressing tias yog li them tribute Ivanu Groznomu raws li ib tug keeb kwm cwm pwm, founder ntawm lub nroog, tsis yog ib tug ntshav tyrant. Tej zaum qhov no monument nyob rau hauv Orel yuav ua tau tus thawj zoo thiab xav hais tias yuav muaj ib tug monument Ivanu Groznomu nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws yog tsis tsim nyog, thiab txawm ntau li ntawd.

Monument nyob rau hauv Vladimir

Raws li qhia los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Vladimir cheeb tsam, 6 Lub yim hli ntuj 2016 pob zeb tso rau lub installation ntawm lwm monument ntawm Ivanu Groznomu. Nws yuav tsum tau nyob hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv lub Alexander kev sib hais haum uas nyob rau hauv lub Vladimir cheeb tsam. Peb tes num yog ib tug peb-meter monument tau tsim Vasiliem Selivanovym thiab yuav npaj tau los ntawm Kaum ib hlis. Qhib yog teem rau lub National sib sau hnub.

nthuav lus tseeb

Alexander Sloboda yog qhov chaw nyob ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau troubled lub sij hawm. Nws nyob ntawm no nws ua tiav lub unification ntawm lub teb chaws thiab ua nws lub tsev nrog ib yam dab tsi zoo li lub capital. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws nyob ntawm no nrog nws tsev neeg thiab tej yam. Zoo kawg li tsev twb ua tau lub tsev nrog nws tus txiv Ivan tsim los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Lavxias teb sab thiab Italian craftsmen uas raug tsim lub Moscow Kremlin.

Nyob rau hauv lub Alexander Kremlin yog tag nrho cov diplomatic rooj sib tham nrog tus sawv cev ntawm Sweden, Denmark, lub Polish-Lithuanian tebchaws thiab lwm yam European lub teb chaws. Nws yog los ntawm no tau tsiv lub huab tais mus tua cov dawb Novgorod thiab nws yog nyob ntawm no, raws li cov lus dab neeg, twb tragically tua tus tub ntawm tus thawj Lavxias teb sab tsar. Yog li ntawd muaj kev cia siab hais tias tus monument yuav Ivanu Groznomu, yog hais tias tsis nyob rau hauv Orel, yam tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv Aleksandrov.