Minerals thiab lawv lub zog. Cov kev siv ntawm cov zaub mov

Muaj ntau ntau yam tej yam ntuj tso teb ib qho tseem ceeb rau tib neeg tshuaj. Yog cov kev pab uas yog exhaustible thiab uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv. Yog tsis muaj lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab zus tau tej cov ntau yam ntawm lub neej yuav nyuaj heev.

Minerals thiab lawv lub zog - nws yog tus kwv thiab kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no Geology Mining. Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm nws siv tom qab rau ua thiab zus tau tej cov ntau yam.

Minerals thiab lawv lub zog

Yuav ua li cas yog feem ntau hu ua minerals? Cov no yog cov pob zeb los yog pob zeb hauv av lug, uas muaj ib tug loj lub teb chaws nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb thiab yog lug siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam.

Qhov ntau haiv ntawm lawv cov loj, li ntawd, lub zog rau txhua meej. Muaj ntau ntau yooj yim kev xaiv ntau ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv qhov:

• placers;
• formations;
• nyob ntawm tej;
• stocks;
• zes.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov kev nthuav tawm ntawm kev pab, peb yuav paub qhov txawv:

• lub xeev;
• chaw;
• pas dej da;
• teb.

Minerals thiab lawv lub zog yog nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm raw khoom. Nws yog ib qhov txiav txim thiab lub cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv pej xeem, thiab cov qauv ntawm cov extraction thiab ua.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov

Muaj yog tsis yog ib tug faib ntawm qhov suav hais tias cov ntaub ntawv uas. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub xeev ntawm aggregation, qhov kev tso tawm xws hom.

1. Pab khoom fossil. Piv txwv: marble, ntsev, granite, hlau ores, nonmetallic.
2. Kua - underground ntxhia dej thiab roj.
3. Gas - natural gas, Helium.

Yog hais tias lub hauv paus ntawm kev faib rau cov hom ntawm kev siv ntawm mineral kev pab, thaum faib yuav siv sij hawm nram qab no daim ntawv.

1. Combustible. Piv txwv: cov roj, roj shale, thee, methane thiab lwm tus neeg.
2. Ore los yog igneous. Piv txwv: tag nrho cov hlau-ore raw cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li asbestos thiab graphite.
3. Nonmetallic. Piv txwv: tag nrho cov raw cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj tsis muaj co (av nplaum, xuab zeb, cwj mem av dawb, xuab zeb, thiab lwm yam), thiab ntau yam ntsev.
4. Gemstone. Piv txwv ntawm precious thiab semi-precious thiab precious pob zeb (diamonds, sapphires, rubies, emeralds, jade, chalcedony, opal, sard, etc.).

Los ntawm ntau haiv neeg nws yog pom tseeb tias cov zaub mov thiab lawv lub zog - nws yog lub ntiaj teb no uas explores ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm geologists thiab yooj tshwj xeeb.

Lub ntsiab deposits

Ntau mineral kev pab (minerals) yog faib haum tusyees thoob plaws lub ntiaj chaw raws li geological nta. Tseeb, ib tug tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm lawv yog tsim los ntawm lub platform ntawm tectonic taw thiab eruptions. Muaj ntau ntau yam loj continents, uas yog feem ntau cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov hom ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv yog:

• North thiab South America.
• Eurasia.
• Teb chaws Africa.

Tag nrho lub teb chaws uas muaj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, uas nws kim heev kev siv ntawm natural resources thiab lawv lub zog. Nyob rau hauv tib cheeb tsam, qhov chaw uas nws raw cov ntaub ntawv muaj, yog xa khoom.

Feem ntau, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yooj yim txhais tau ib qho kev npaj ntawm deposits ntawm mineral kev pab. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm raw khoom. Ib tug ntawm feem ntau kim uas muaj nqi heev (muaj zoo zoo nkauj tshooj) minerals. Kub, piv txwv li, yog qhov txhia chaw tsuas yog cov teb chaws Europe (av loj, ntxiv rau Australia saum toj no). Nws yog heev muaj nuj nqis, thiab nws cov ntau lawm - ib qho ntawm feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kawb pob zeb.

Heev nplua nuj nyob rau hauv roj kev pab yog Eurasia. Mining minerals (talc, barytes, kaolin, limestone, quartzite, apatite, ntsev) yog tshwm sim yuav luag txhua qhov txhia chaw nyob rau hauv loj naj npawb.

Mining thiab quarrying

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav extract cov zaub mov thiab npaj rau kev siv ntau yam kev siv.

1. Qhib txoj kev. Tsim nyog raw khoom yog muab rho tawm ncaj qha los ntawm lub quarries. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no ua rau cov tsim ntawm loj heev ravines, li ntawd, nws tsis yog maj rau cov ib puag ncig.
2. Mining txoj kev - ib tug ntau tseeb, tab sis kim heev.
3. Tug ciav txoj kev siv roj.
4. Cov siv txoj kev.
5. Geotechnological ore ua txoj kev.

Mining - qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog txoj kev, txawm li cas los, ua rau heev tsis muaj hmoo txim. Tom qab exhaustible kev pab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los qhia ntau txog yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub loj teev extraction ntawm mineral kev pab, namely lawv ntau kom zoo thiab muaj kuab siv ntawm tus txiv neej.

Ore (magmatic) pob zeb

Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab loj nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev uas tsuas. Ore - nws yog lub tsim ntawm mineral xwm, uas muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas los yog tias tus xav hlau (lwm yam tivthaiv).

Qhov chaw ntawm ntau lawm thiab ua ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv yog hu ua mines. Cais igneous pob zeb yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv plaub pab pawg:

• ferrous co ;
• xim;
• noble;
• tsis-metallic Cheebtsam.

Cov no yog cov ib co piv txwv ntawm ore mineral kev pab.

1. Manganese ore.
2. Hlau.
3. Npib tsib xee.
4. Argentia.
5. Cassiterite.
6. Beryl.
7. Bornite.
8. Chalcopyrite.
9. Uraninite.
10. Asbestos.
11. Graphite thiab lwm tus neeg.

Kub - ore mineral

Muaj yog cov ore thiab tshwj xeeb cov zaub mov. Kub, piv txwv li. Nws ntau lawm yog yam txij ancient sij hawm, raws li nws tau yeej ib txwm tau mas muaj nuj nqis los ntawm cov neeg. Niaj hnub no, kub yog mined thiab ntxuav luag txhua lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug me ntsis ntawm nws cov deposits.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, kub yog pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov haiv neeg hais. Qhov loj tshaj plaws steel ingots nyob rau hauv teb chaws Australia Uas ze li ntawm 70 kg reservoir. Feem ntau, vim weathering thiab yaig deposits tsim deposits ntawm cov xuab zeb grains nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov precious hlau.

From xws li mixtures nws yog muab rho tawm laundering thiab sieving. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, nws tsis yog ib yam nkaus thiab ntau thiab voluminous cov ntsiab lus minerals. Kub yog yog li ntawd hu ua ib tug zoo zoo nkauj tshooj thiab noble hlau.

Centers rau lub extraction ntawm lub ore minerals yog:

• Russia.
• Canada.
• South Africa.
• Australia.

fuels

Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li xws mineral kev pab raws li:

• lignite ;
• roj;
• roj (methane, Helium);
• thee.

Cov kev siv ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm no zoo - ib tug roj thiab raw khoom rau ntau yam tshuaj tebchaw thiab tshuaj.

Thee - yog li no cov pob txha, uas lus dag hauv ib tug kuj ntiav qhov tob ntawm ntau khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Nws npaum li cas yog tag rau ib tug teb. Yog li ntawd, muaj tag ib pas dej ua ke, cov neeg no mus rau lub tom ntej no. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov thee muaj txog li 97% cov pa roj carbon nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv. Dabneeg nws yog nws tsim, uas ua rau tuag tamping thiab zaub organic seem. Cov dab tau ntawd kub ntev li lab xyoo, yog li ib tug lossis loj npaum li ntawm cov ntiaj chaw yog tam sim no thee reserves.

Roj txawv hu ua kua kub, uas underlines yuav ua li cas ib qho tseem ceeb nws yog ib tug mineral kev pab. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm high-zoo pob txha fuels, raws li zoo raws li nws cov ntau yam - puag raw khoom rau tshuaj lom neeg syntheses. Cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv cov roj yog lub teb chaws xws li:

• Russia.
• US.
• Algeria;
• Mexico.
• Indonesia.
• Venezuela.
• Libya.

Nkev, uas yog ib tug sib tov ntawm gaseous hydrocarbons, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj roj. Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub pheej yig raw cov ntaub ntawv, yog li nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug loj scale. Lub teb chaws uas nyob rau hauv ntau lawm - Russia thiab Saudi Arabia.

Nws yog xim hlau los yog tsis-metallic hom

Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li xws minerals thiab cov pob zeb, xws li:

• av nplaum;
• chalk;
• xuab zeb;
• pebbles;
• gravel;
• gravel;
• talc;
• kaolin;
• barite;
• graphite;
• diamonds;
• quartz;
• apatite;
• phosphorus thiab lwm yam.

Tag nrho cov ntau ntau yam yuav grouped rau hauv ob peb pawg raws li mus rau qhov chaw ntawm kev siv.

1. Mining thiab tshuaj minerals.
2. Metallurgical raw cov ntaub ntawv.
3. Kev muaju.
4. Siv cov kev faib cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov no pab pawg neeg yog feem ntau xa zaub mov thiab gems. Cov kev siv uas tsis yog-hlau minerals xwm multifaceted thiab nws kim heev. Cov no yog cov ua liaj ua teb (chiv), kev tsim kho (ntaub ntawv), lub khob melting, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, khoom vaj khoom tsev, obschehimicheskoe ntau lawm, xim ntau lawm thiab thiaj li nyob.