Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais, ib tug monument rau Peter kuv: hauj lwm, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Lus dab neeg muaj nws hais tias qhov no ancient tsev fuabtais yog pleev xim rau cov kev txiav txim uas huab tais Paul Thawj xim poj niam 'hnab looj tes teej tug mus rau nws zoo nkauj hluas nkauj. Raws li lwm cov lus dab neeg, nws yog ib tug mystical tsev fuabtais, thiab liam nws kwv yees tragic kev tuag ntawm nws tus tswv. Neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev fuabtais hnub no hais tias muaj yog ib tug ntau ntawm mysterious rau hnub no. Ntxiv nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb mam li qhia rau koj seb legends puag ncig lub Mikhailovsky tsev fuabtais. Monument rau Peter kuv, leej twg sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws, kuj yog ib tug zoo txaus siab.

zaj dabneeg

Qhov no tsev fuabtais, uas tseem hu ua lub Engineers, raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua hu ua lub Palace ntawm St. Michael. Muaj pov thawj hais tias tus thawj sketches ntawm lub Engineers 'Tsev fuabtais twb tau los ntawm txhais tes ntawm cov huab tais Paul kuv, Txawm li cas los, nws yeej tseem tsis tau nyob rau hauv lub rooj huas tias, thiab tsuas yog ib tug prince. Rau 12 xyoo, nws tuaj nrog raws li muaj ntau yam raws li 13 variants ntawm lawv neej yav tom ntej qhov chaw nyob, uas tom qab lub npe hu ua "St. Michael lub tsev fuabtais." Monument rau Peter nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg ua tau los ntawm nws, tab sis lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus yawg koob tau koom Paul - tus thawj huab tais ntawm Russia.

Yog vim li cas lub tsev fuabtais lub npe hu ua St. Michael?

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, ib zaug ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub palace yog tus guardroom, thiab ntawm no ib hmo ib tug ntawm cov txiv neej uas nqa tus saib ntawm no, yog tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj ntawd ntag. Tom qab lub tsev fuabtais ua tau, tom ntej no mus rau ntawm tus choj nyob rau hauv lub me me ntawm lub pej thuam ntawm tus me ntsis tub rog twb staged. Lawv kuj hais tias Michael tus nws twb hu ua vim lub fact tias lub tsev teev ntuj Arhangela Mihaila yog nyob rau ntawm nws lub chaw uas zoo heev. Thiab nws yog lub npe hu, twb ntshai li lub patron neeg dawb huv ntawm lub Romanov dynasty. Tab sis nws ob lub npe, uas yog, lub Engineers 'Tsev fuabtais, nws yog nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thaum nws tau tsim ntawm tus Main Engineering Lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv nws. Raws li rau cov kev xaiv ntawm kev tsim kho chaw, muaj lwm cov lus dab neeg. Ib zaug nyob rau tib qhov chaw sawv qhov lub caij ntuj sov palace ntawm Peter tus ntxhais Elizabeth Thawj. Hais tias nws twb yug los Paul ua ntej. Yog li ntawd nws xav kom nws cov tshiab lub tsev ua ua rau tib qhov chaw uas nws tau yug.

Pib ntawm kev tsim kho

Sai li sai tau raws li Povlauj tau nce lub imperial zwm txwv, nws kom mus pib tsim kho ntawm lub palace ntawm lawv lub neej. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1797. Nws yog ces hais tias huab tais nws tus kheej nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev, tsis tau tsuas yog kub npib, raws li yog cov kev cai nyob rau hauv cov hnub, tab sis tag nrho lub bricks ua los ntawm jasper. Txij thaum ntawd los pib ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog tsev, qhov tshwm sim ntawm uas tau tsa lub Mikhailovsky tsev fuabtais. Monument rau Peter kuv twb teem pchut ua ntej kawm tiav ntawm lub chaw nyob. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ua hauj lwm ntau tshaj li 6000 kev tsim kho ua hauj lwm. Lawv ua hauj lwm ib hnub thiab hmo ntuj, li ntawd, lub tuam tsev no yog twb siab ua nyob rau hauv 4 xyoo. Ces nws yog txig koom tsev-ua kom sov tog. Huab tais yog kev zoo siab uas nws muaj peev xwm mus siv nws lub tswv yim, thiab yuav nyob mus nyob rau hauv lub tsev fuabtais, uas nws tau yeej ib txwm ua npau suav ntawm. Txawm li cas los, nws twb tsis ntev destined yuav txaus siab rau txoj kev nplij siab nws lub tsev tshiab: raws nraim 40 hnub tom qab lub housewarming Paul kuv twb tua nyob rau hauv nws chav pw. Tom qab no tragic kev tshwm sim, muaj koob muaj npe tsev neeg yeej tsis xav kom nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv St Michael, thiab tsiv mus nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no Palace.

yam ntxwv ntawm

Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais (ib tug monument rau Peter kuv, nrog rau qhov nws) - ib qho ntawm feem thawj architectural monuments nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws tsis tau muaj analogues. Nws yog heev txawv los ntawm tag nrho cov lwm yam palaces nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb capital. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog tsis npaj kws kes duab vajtse thiab cov huab tais Paul, uas kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Tswv ntawm lub Maltese. Paul tus npau suav yog kom muaj nws tsev fuabtais los ua lub rooj zaum rau tau txais cov Knights ntawm Malta. Yog vim li cas nws zoo li ntau zoo li ib tug medieval fairy taleas palace. Raws li lub tswv yim ntawm Paul, lub palace cheeb tsam muaj tej yam ntuj tso ib thaj tsam - Dej Tog thiab Fontanka, thiab lub Koom Txoos thiab Voznesensky raws. Nws muab tawm hais tias lub palace raws li nws yog nyob rau cov kob, uas muaj peev xwm yuav mus txog los ntawm thaj av los ntawm cov txuas hniav.

Qhov tu siab txoj hmoo ntawm lub tsev fuabtais tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus tswv

Tom qab Paul raug tua, qhov no luxurious tsev fuabtais poob mus rau hauv tag nrho disrepair. Tom qab ntawd, thaum nws successor Alexander kuv mus tsim ib tug nplua nuj nyiaj rooj kev pab cuam uas yuav tsum tau raw cov ntaub ntawv, nws kom smelt zoo kawg zoo nkauj luag nyav lub qhov rooj uas sawv daws khoom ib mus rau lub palace lub tsev teev ntuj. Thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub reign uas huab tais Nicholas kuv los ua ib tug zoo ntawm tsev fuabtais storehouse ntawm marble ntau lawm rau lub palace architects los tsim kom tau ib tug tshiab Hermitage. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 nws tau muab rau tus Thawj Tub Rog Lub tsev kawm ntawv. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no cov tub rog lub tsev kho mob yog tsim los pab no. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1994 Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais, ib tug monument rau Peter kuv nyob lub palace thiab lub tuam tsev cheeb tsam tau muab tso rau hauv lub aegis ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej, yog li ntawd muaj pib loj-scale kev tsim kho thiab kho tshiab ua hauj lwm, uas culminated nyob rau hauv ib tug ua koob tsheej ntawm lub 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub sab qaum teb capital. Thaum kawg, nws pom yav tas los ci. Thaum lub caij, Michael lub tsev fuabtais yog ib tug ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej.

Monument rau Petus 1 nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais

Ib xyoo ua ntej kawm tiav ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Paul hauv thawj, uas yog, nyob rau hauv 1800, ib tug monument mus rau tus thawj Lavxias teb sab huab tais tau tsa nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub palace cheeb tsam - Great Peter I. Nws sported cov lus: "lub great-yawg ntawm lub great-xeeb ntxwv." Lub tswv yim ntawm cov duab puab koom Peter nws tus kheej. Thiab nws sau yog tus zoo Rastrelli. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub monument rau Peter lub Great ntawm St. Michael lub tsev fuabtais yog thawj Equestrian monument nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Russia. Ua ntej yuav tsum tau tsa nyob rau hauv lub square, nws nyob rau hauv lub "qab daus" ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace txog 50 xyoo.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub monument

Qhov tseem fruitful sij hawm ntawm nws reign Peter lub Great, nrog ib nrais muag ntawm txoj kev thiab paub txog dab tsi zoo tej yam uas nws tau ua rau nws lub teb chaws, txiav txim siab los immortalize nws nco. Tom qab lawv yeej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Poltava nws los txhim tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw pob zeb hauv nrog ib tug tus kheej duab nyob rau hauv tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob, thiab nyob rau hauv nees, uas yuav raug muab pov nyob dag. Txawm li cas los, lub sij hawm yog rau lub xeev es hnyav, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ncua qhov kev siv ntawm lawv lub tswv yim rau ib tug tas mus li lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv 1716, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg tuaj lub zoo sculptor thiab kes duab vajtse Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli. Nws raug caw los ua ib tug monument rau Peter lub Great. Hais txog ob lub xyoos nws ua hauj lwm rau zus tau tej cov ib tug av nplaum qauv ntawm tus nees rau lub monument. Tab sis mus recreate lub caij nyoog daim ntawv ntawm cov huab tais lub ntsej muag Rastrelli coj tawm ntawm nws lub ntsej muag ib tug plaster daim npog qhov ncauj, zoo ib yam li tus naas ej Venetian. Incidentally, nrog nws (lub npog ncauj) twb tseem tau siv lub waxy Peter bust. Raws li xeeb los ntawm tus poj huab tais tus inscription nws yog mus rau nyob rau hauv lub monument. Rau nws ua hauj lwm coj ib tug tag nrho pawg neeg uas muaj neeg ua hauj lwm thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawm lub noob nom noob tswv Academy ntawm Paris. Cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv Latin. Nws decorates hnub no Monument rau Peter nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Mikhailovsky Palace.

nqi kev taw qhia

Grand huab tais heev txhawb los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias tsis ntev nws yuav muaj peev xwm mus perpetuate nws tus kheej los ntawm kev tsa tus thawj Lavxias teb sab Equestrian monument. Thaum nws mus xyuas qhov kev qhov twg Rastrelli ua hauj lwm, thiab muab nws ib co zoo heev thiab cov tswv yim tswv yim. Nws twb nyob rau hauv 1719, Great Northern ua tsov ua rog tuaj mus rau qhov kawg, thiab lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau los ua ib tug khiav nyob rau hauv nws. Qhov no txhais hais tias yog ib tug tshiab monument yuav tsum embody lub triumph ntawm Russia raws li ib tug tag nrho, thiab nws tus huab tais. Tom qab 5 xyoo, kuv twb npaj txhij ib tug tshiab ciab qauv ntawm lub monument. Muaj ntau critics ntseeg hais tias qhov no monument yog overloaded ntau yam lus. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws zwm rau lub era ntawm lub Baroque, lub txwm ntawm uas nws muaj ib tug ib txwm mus tshaj thiab khoom kim heev.

piav qhia

Chiv lub monument rau Peter lub Great ntawm St. Michael lub tsev fuabtais muaj cov nram qab no daim ntawv. Cov muaj hwj chim nees, nyob rau hauv uas tso lub peev xwm huab tais. Ntawm tus taw ntawm tus nees yog ib tug nab - ib lub cim ntawm kev khib. Tom qab ntawd nws tau tsiv mus rau lub Bronze Horseman. Lub monument kuj muaj rau allegorical nuj nqis - virtues, tus pej thuam ntawm tus Neva, Cupid, terrestrial kheej. Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm Peter rau lub monument twb xaiv lwm qhov chaw - lub qub Senate Square rau Vasilevsky Island. Peter nyiam lub tswv yim ntawm Rastrelli. Txawm li cas los, tsab xov xwm tsis tsuag tsuag rau cam khwb cia bronze.

Tshiab povort hmoo

Tom qab Peter tuag nyob rau hauv 1725, hais txog 10 xyoo thiab nws successors tsis nco qab txog lub monument. Incidentally, tus nqi los ntawm lub xeev txhab rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm Rastrelli tau txais xwb nyob rau hauv 1734. Rau hais txog 7 xyoo tom qab lub monument nws sau cov plua tshauv nyob rau hauv lub tsev teb, tab sis thaum tuaj rau lub hwj chim, tus ntxhais ntawm lub Great huab tais Elizabeth, nws txiav txim siab los hais qhia rau nws kawm, uas nws tus ntxhais yog. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1943 nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nws tsev teb kuv twb muab tso rau ib tug monument rau Peter Kuv (St. Michael lub tsev fuabtais, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm uas nws tam sim no teem, ntau xyoo tom qab ntawd, ua tau). Lub Empress xav txhim tsa nws nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace. Txawm li cas los, muaj maum kuaj cov monument, lawv tuaj mus rau lub xaus hais tias nws tsis raws li lub tastes ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm, thiab nws xav tau kev pab yuav tsum tau tiav. Lawm, nws twb muab rau Bartolomeo twb laus. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub monument no tsuas yog cov duab ntawm lub triumph ntawm cov huab tais uas tsis muaj bas-reliefs thiab cov allegories. Rastrelli yog txaus siab nrog nws tus me nyuam, tab sis nws twb tsis tau destined rau pom nws nyob rau hauv ib tug pedestal. Raws li koj paub, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1800. Paul thawj yog ib tug monument rau Peter I. Cov Mikhailovsky Tsev fuabtais ua qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub zoo-tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus thawj Lavxias teb sab huab tais ib xyoo tom qab cov kev tshwm sim.