Lub vault vault yog Tsar-phau ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm

2010 rau cov kws txawj kawm ancient Rus, thiab kiv cua ntawm keeb kwm twb cim los ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb heev tshwm sim: lub hauv internet qhib nkag tau muab tso rau ntawm lub ntsej muag chronicle ntawm Ivana Groznogo (ncha xa mus rau raws li nws cov huab tais-phau ntawv). Scanned nws thiab muab tso rau hauv thoob ntiaj teb network ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Society ntawm lovers ntawm ancient sau ntawv.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim no yog dab tsi?

Pom zoo tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus kws sau keeb kwm yog thawj qhov chaw: sau ntawv, ua haujlwm ntawm kos duab, kos duab, khoom vaj khoom tsev thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Hmoov tsis, nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm tsis yog li ntau cov neeg tshawb nrhiav ntawm yav dhau los yog tig rau lawv. Feem ntau lawv kawm thiab cim qhov haujlwm ntawm lwm cov historians, thiab cov neeg thib peb thiab hais txog. Yog li, yog peb pib to taub, feem ntau ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb no yeej tsis tau siv thawj qhov chaw, thiab tag nrho lawv tej hauj lwm raug tsim los ntawm lwm tus neeg cov lus thiab kev xav. Nws hloov tawm tias cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem muab piv rau ib daim ntawv luam ntawm "blockbuster". Yog tias koj qhib thiab nyeem cov ntawv sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv qub thiab muab cov lus qhia nrog cov keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg sau keeb kwm no, koj tuaj yeem pheej nrhiav tsis tau cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis yog me, tab sis qee cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, thiab qhov no tshwm sim txhua lub sijhawm.

Ancient artifacts ntawm Russia

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog ntau qhov chaw muaj kev cawm dim rau hnub no, raws li peb xav tau. Yog hais tias koj saib ntawm architectural monuments, muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm lawv sab laug, thiab dua li, feem ntau lawv mus rau lub 18th-century, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia lub ntsiab tsev ntaub yog hav zoov, thiab kev ua tsov ua rog thiab hluav taws tsis spare xws li cov qauv. Yog hais tias koj noj cov khoom hauv tsev thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, yog li ntawm no thiab tsis txhua yam yog yooj yim heev: dab tsi yog tau txais kev cawmdim - nws yog tag nrho cov artifacts ntawm 15-19 centuries. Thiab qhov no kuj yog to taub heev, vim hais tias precious hlau thiab pob zeb muaj nqi heev ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau hom ntawm amateurs thiab dub archaeologists. Yuav luag txhua tus vajtswv poj niam (lub moos thiab lwm yam) hauv thaj chaw ntawm peb lub tebchaws tau plundered rov qab rau hauv lub sijhawm Catherine II.

Qhov ncauj lus

Cov keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm peb thaj av tau raug tshwj tseg rau hauv kev nco txog cov neeg - lus dab neeg, cov lus dab neeg, cov lus dab neeg, lus Askiv, bylinas, thiab li cas los xij, cov kws tshawb fawb yeej tsis lees paub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntawm qhov ncauj lus, yam tsawg kawg yog qhov uas muaj feem xyuam nrog cov qub Russia, tab sis lawv npaj txhij tas nrho txais cov lus dab neeg ntawm, hais, Scandinavian los yog British haiv neeg. Tiam sis hauv peb lub tswv yim thiab lus dab neeg muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus tseeb, ib qho kev txhais los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm ib qho ntawm cov niaj hnub nim no cov kwv yees (A. Sklyarov, "Inhabited Island of the Earth"). Piv txwv li, peb txhua tus paub txog kev xav zoo li no, xws li ib tus dab sau ua ke nrog ib lub kua puv, uas tag nrho lub ntiaj teb pom - qhov tsis yog "iPhone" nrog nws lub logo - yog ib qho ua rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo? Thiab ntaub pua plag-dav hlau, thiab khau-khau? Yog, koj yeej tsis paub dab tsi ntxiv ...

Txawm li cas los, peb muaj kev cuam tshuam heev, nws yog lub sij hawm rov qab mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm peb tsab xov xwm, thiab qhov no, peb nco qab, lub Archives ntawm Tsar Ivan (iv) Grozny.

Cov ntaub ntawv sau

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Ancient Rus yog keeb kwm. Txij thaum xyoo 19th, sau tiav ntawm Lavxias teb sab xyoo chronicles pib luam tawm. Txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem paub cov ntawv luam tawm no los ntawm kev hu rau lub tsev qiv ntawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no ua haujlwm nyob hauv txoj haujlwm "Handwritten Monuments of Ancient Rus" los txhais nws ua digital, thiab yav tom ntej, xws li Ivan qhov Phem Tshaj Lij, nws yuav muab tso tawm hauv Internet rau kev siv dav dav. Thaum ntxov rau theem kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum paub hais tias nyob rau hauv txheej thaud qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog phau ntawv, tab sis kuj cov duab. Nws yog hais txog cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov loj yog lub Voj Vault. Nws muaj kaum txhiab nplooj ntawv thiab kaum xya txhiab duab.

Lub chronicle ntawm lub keeb kwm

Daim ntawv no yog qhov loj tshaj chronicle-chronograph ntawm Ancient Russia. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm tus huab tais nyob rau hauv lub Alexander kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1568 mus 1576 xyoo. Lub hauv ntej koog muaj kev nthuav qhia txog keeb kwm ntiaj teb los ntawm kev tsim tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb mus rau lub xyoo pua 15th thiab Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm rau xyoo 67 ntawm xyoo pua 16th. Amosov AA tau suav hais tias qhov khoom qub no muaj kaum lub cim tagnrho 9745 nplooj ntawv, uas yog decorated nrog 17 744 xim thaij duab. Cov sau keeb kwm ntseeg tau hais tias Tsar-phau ntawv muaj lub kaum hli volume zoo li. Tam sim no nws yog ploj, thiab qhov no yog to taub, vim hais tias nws yog hais txog feem ntau muaj teeb meem ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm - txog 1114.

Lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag: cov ntsiab lus

Thawj peb zaj lus muaj cov ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv hauv phau Npaiv Npaum, xws li Pentateuch, Cov Phau Ntawv Cov Thawj, Yausua, Vajntxwv, thiab phau ntawv ntawm Luv, Exathaw, Daniel. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Alexandria, ob zaj dab neeg txog Trojan Tsov rog (Zaj Dab Neeg Txog Kev Tsim thiab Sib Tsoo ntawm Troysky, muab rho tawm ntawm Chronograph ntawm Lavxias, thiab Keeb Kwm ntawm Kev Puas Tsuaj ntawm Troy - txhais phau ntawv tshiab ntawm Guido de Cologne) thiab ua haujlwm ntawm Josephus Flavius Keeb kwm ntawm Yudais Tsov rog ". Rau cov xwm txheej tom ntej hauv ntiaj teb, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau ua haujlwm "Chronicler ntawm Illinois thiab Rome" thiab "The Chronograph Russian".

Keeb kwm ntawm Russia lub ntsej muag qhia txog ib tug txheej ntawm 4-10 tagnrho, mas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug qhov chaw ntawm Nikon Chronicle. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb (piv txwv, Kloss BM), txij li lub sijhawm ntawm 1152, lwm qhov chaw, xws li Novgorod Vault (1539), Sawv Rov Los Chronicle, "Chronicler ntawm lub Tuam Thawj ntawm lub Nceeg Vaj" thiab lwm tus tau pom nyob hauv daim ntawv.

Ancient Editing

Tus Tsar-phau ntawv muaj ntau qhov kev hloov kho, ntseeg nws (nws tsis muaj pov thawj rau qhov no, nws yog qhov tseeb) uas lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv 1575 ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Tsar Ivan tus Terrible nws tus kheej. Kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntawv sau tiav tas feem cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm txij li 1533 txog 1568 xyoos. Ib tus kws kho mob sau tsis tau sau cov lus sau tseg rau ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, qee qhov lawv muaj cai tawm tsam cov neeg uas raug kev tsim txom thiab tua thaum lub sijhawm oprichnina.

Hmoov tsis, cov hauj lwm ntawm Face Vault yeej tsis tiav: qee cov thaij ntawv tau ua rau hauv cov cwj pwm xwb, lawv tsis muaj sij hawm rau xim lawv.

Cov lus xaus

Lub obverse ntawm Ivan lub Terrible tsis tsuas yog ib tug monument rau phau ntawv kos duab ntawm Russia, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm keeb kwm kev tshwm sim: cov miniatures, txawm lawv conventionality thiab theej cim cim, muab cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev kawm txog kev kho cov ntaub ntawv kho kom zoo, uas muaj nyob hauv lub ntim kawg (phau ntawv Royal), muab sijhawm rau kom paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm thawj lub sijhawm dhau los. Lawv cia peb los txiav txim txog cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm tsar los ntawm kev ua ntawm ib co ntawm nws cov neeg koom tes. Thiab tseem txog tshiab views ntawm cov txheej xwm lawv tus kheej thaum lub sij hawm nws reign.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Ua tsaug rau cov kev ua ub ntawm lub Society ntawm Neeg nyiam heev ntawm Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm, tam sim no leej twg yuav tau acquainted nrog no yam tsis muaj nuj nqi. Tom qab tag nrho, thiaj li yuav nkag tau mus rau hauv daim ntawv no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom siv ntau ntawm kev rau siab, thiab tsuas yog historians tau txais nws. Tab sis hnub no nws muaj rau txhua tus neeg. Txhua yam uas xav tau yog nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb network, thiab koj tuaj yeem raus koj tus kheej hauv lub ntiaj teb uas zoo nkauj rau kev kawm yav dhau los. Pom txhua yam nrog kuv lub qhov muag, ntxiv txog koj lub tswv yim txog tej xwm txheej, thiab tsis txhob nyeem cov nyiaj muas los ntawm cov historians, leej twg, kab tias, tsis tau qhib qhov tseem ceeb.