Lub luag hauj lwm thiab kev siv ntawm carbohydrates. Kev siv ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Carbohydrates - ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos ntawm tej sia, muab nws tsob nroj, tsiaj, los yog tus neeg. Lawv tshwm sim tawm lub yooj yim npaum li cas ntawm cov organic teeb meem ntawm cov ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb. Carbohydrates - ib tug ncaj uas nws kim heev hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm tebchaw. Cov lawv koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshuaj rau zog. Tsaug rau no feature, carbohydrate zog yog heev broad. Niaj hnub no peb yuav sib tham txog cov tswv yim yooj zog, physiological lub luag hauj lwm thiab cov kev siv ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv txawv kev qhia zaub mov (thiab tsis xwb) kev lag luam.

qhov chaw ntawm carbohydrates

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm carbohydrates - cov zaub mov ntawm tsob nroj keeb kwm. Namely, khob cij, cereals, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries. Raws li rau cov tsiaj cov khoom, ib txhia ntawm lawv yog cov kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carbohydrates. Nws yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov mis nyuj, uas muaj cov thiaj li hu ua cov mis nyuj qab zib.

Cov khoom noj tej zaum yuav muaj ntau carbohydrates. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi, kev siv ntawm carbohydrates thiab lawv muaj nuj nqi yog heev kim heev. Nyob rau hauv cereals thiab qos hmoov txhuv nplej yog - complex carbohydrate yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, uas yog phua rau hauv yooj yim suab thaj los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm digestive juices. Nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov zaub thiab berries ntawm cov tshuaj uas hais no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tej yam yooj yim suab thaj: txiv hmab txiv ntoo, beet, pas nrig, grape thiab thiaj li nyob. Lawv yog cov dej soluble thiab zoo absorbed los ntawm lub cev. Qab Zib, dej-soluble, yog sai sai absorbed rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.

Noj carbohydrates

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov carbohydrates yuav tsum tau consumed nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug complex, thiab tsuas yog 20-25% nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim. Nws muaj txhawb rau gradual nkag uas muaj suab thaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg tau txais los ntawm khoom noj khoom haus txaus tus nqi ntawm carbohydrates, lawv tso nyob rau hauv daim siab thiab nqaij nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov "tsiaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej" glycogen. Nrog lub shortage ntawm cov carbohydrates, glycogen cia yog cleaved rau hauv piam thaj thiab siv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm tus kab mob (hwjchim hlwb thiab cov nqaij mos). Yog hais tias lub cev tau txais lawv tshaj, lawv tig mus rau hauv cov roj. Los ntawm txoj kev, yog hais txog carbohydrates li roj, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kom zoo digestion.

Carbohydrates - qhov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm cov khoom noj, yog li lawv tsis tau tsuas yog ua rau lub zog homeostat lub cev, tab sis kuj muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub biosynthesis ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov pa roj carbon-muaj polymers. Tshaj ib lub neej, lub nruab nrab tus neeg kov txog 14 tons ntawm cov tebchaw. Ntawm no, kwv yees li 2.5 tons - nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim txoj kev. Cov kev siv ntawm cov nqaijrog, Sibhawm, carbohydrates thiab lawv derivatives yog tsis uniformly nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Carbohydrates - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm peb noj. Lawv haus 4 lub sij hawm ntau li ntau protein los yog muaj roj. Nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim, mixed noj cov zaub mov, hais txog 60% ntawm lub zog ib tug neeg tau txais los ntawm carbohydrates. Lawv lub ntsiab hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev - muab zog. Qhov ntau lub cev ua ub no ntawm tib neeg lub neej, qhov ntau nws xav tau kev pab carbohydrates. Thaum sedentary txoj kev ua neej nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yuav txo. Rau cov neeg uas tsis koom nyob rau hauv lub cev ua zog, lub hnub yuav tsum tau rau carbohydrates yog hais txog 400 grams.

Kev txiav txim ntawm 50-65% carbohydrates tuaj mus rau hauv peb lub cev nrog cereal khoom. 15-25% - nrog piam thaj thiab qab zib cov khoom. Hais txog 10% - ib tug root- thiab tuber cov qoob loo. Thiab hais txog 5-7% - nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub.

Carbohydrates yog heev muaj zog irritant exocrine pancreas thiab feem ntau active stimulator ntawm synthesis ntawm insulin, uas plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm carbohydrate metabolism thiab muaj pom zib homeostasis. Overloading yooj yim carbohydrates ntau lub xyoo ua rau β-cell hyperplasia, thiab ces - mus tsaus muag insular system thiab lub creation ntawm nkag tau rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib.

kev faib ntawm carbohydrates

Nyob rau cov qauv, cov kev nyias mus nyias thiab haum tus nqi ntawm carbohydrates, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus muab faib ua tej yam yooj yim thiab complex. Los ntawm tsuas muaj xws li monosaccharides (fructose, qabzib, galactose) thiab disaccharides (sucrose, lactose). K complex - polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, glycogen). Dhau li ntawm tus zoo carbohydrates, nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv, muaj cov lwm yam, uas tsis tshua tau paub substance.

yooj yim carbohydrates

Mono- thiab di-saccharides nkag soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej thiab yooj yim absorbed los ntawm lub cev. Lawv txawv los ntawm ib tug cov lus hais Sweet saj, li ntawd nws yog feem ntau hu ua yooj yim suab thaj. Cov feem ntau monosaccharide yog zib muaj nyob rau hauv ntau txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries, thiab kuj tsim nyob rau hauv lub cleavage ntawm di- thiab polysaccharides. Qabzib, ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, sai sai pom daim ntawv thov. Nws cov ntaub ntawv glycogen, nourishes hlwb cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov nqaij (xws li lub plawv), thiab regulates cov ntshav qab zib theem. Thaum tom qab zib yuav tau ncaj qha siv raws li lub zog qhov chaw.

Nws muaj ntsis zoo zog thiab fructose. Nws yuav pom raws li zoo heev, yooj yim digestible carbohydrate. Tab sis, yog muab piv rau piam thaj, fructose yog tseem qeeb qeeb mus zom cov hnyuv, thiab, ib zaug nyob rau hauv cov ntshav, sai sai yoojyim hauv cov hlab ntsha. Mus txog 80% fructose yog muab khaws cia tseg nyob rau hauv lub siab, tiv thaiv supersaturation ntawm cov ntshav qab zib. Txawm li cas los, lub siab synthesizes ib glycogen fructose yooj yim dua qabzib. Piv rau sucrose, fructose yog zoo dua absorbed thiab muaj ib tug ntau dua tsos. Vim lub xeem vaj tse mus rau lub kev kawm theem ntawm tsos ntawm cov khoom, koj yuav tau siv ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm fructose, li no kom txhob muaj tag nrho cov noj uas muaj suab thaj. Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug noj haus ntawm caloric txwv. Xav rau kev siv ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv koj lub neej, tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau them nyiaj noj cov khoom noj khoom noj khoom haus. Fructose yog feem ntau siv raws li ib tug qab zib nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm cov khoom rau cov neeg txom nyem los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib.

Nrog ib tug dhau heev lawm ntawm sucrose cuam tshuam roj metabolism thiab muaj zog roj tsim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, twb qhov tseeb hais tias nrog ua tus nqi ntawm cov suab thaj uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, ua lub synthesis ntawm cov rog los ntawm txoj carbohydrates, cov rog, thiab txawm ncaj qha protein. Li ntawd, cov nqi ntawm qab zib uas siv los ntawm txiv neej, muaj peev xwm heev tswj roj metabolism.

Nrog tshaj siv suab thaj pib ua txhaum ntawm cov roj uas txhaws metabolism thiab ua rau kom nws cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov tshaj suab thaj yog phem rau tus hnyuv muaj - kab mob yuav tsub kom lub loj ntawm putrid, putrid dab yog ceev, thiab muaj flatulence. Tsawg feem ntau, cov mob tshwm sim los muaj cai nyob rau hauv lub siv ntawm fructose. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm carbohydrates yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab berries. Ib tug ntau ntawm fructose thiab piam thaj nyob rau hauv zib mu: 37,1 thiab 36,2%, ntsig txog. Tag nrho cov piam thaj, uas yog nyob rau hauv dib liab - fructose yog, nws yog hais txog 8%.

Tom ntej no monosaccharide - galactose. Nws twb tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub dawb daim ntawv. Galactose - yog lactose cleavage khoom, lub ntsiab carbohydrate ntawm cov mis nyuj.

Nrog kev xav txog cov disaccharide, lub ntsiab ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv peb noj cov zaub mov yog sucrose. Nyob rau hauv lub hydrolysis nws splits rau hauv fructose thiab qabzib. Lub ntsiab qhov chaw yog sucrose, beet thiab pas nrig qab zib. Cov piam thaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xuab zeb-carbohydrate nce mus txog 99,75%. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, sucrose yog pom nyob rau hauv txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov zaub thiab tag.

complex carbohydrates

Polysaccharides muaj ntau nyuaj qauv ntawm cov molecule thiab ib tug tsis tshua tsawg solubility nyob rau hauv cov dej. Qhov no hauv chav kawm ntawv muaj xws li: starch, cellulose, glycogen, thiab pectin. Siv carbohydrates nyob rau hauv cov hoob kawm no muab faib rau cov zaubmov. Lub ntsiab tus nqi noj haus yog cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Nws siab cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cereals yog lub ntsiab zoo tshaj lub luag hauj lwm rau lawv cov nqi noj haus. Cov khoom noj ntawm qhov nruab nrab neeg cov hmoov txhuv nplej yuav siv sij hawm li 80% ntawm tag nrho cov carbohydrates noj. Ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws dhau mus ua tej yam yooj yim carbohydrates thiab ua lawv zog.

Nrog kev xav txog glycogen, nws yog nyob rau hauv peb lub cev plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm nquag khoom pub ua hauj lwm nqaij thiab hauv nruab nrog cev. Glycogen yog ntxeev los ntawm reosintez vim qabzib.

Pectin - ib tug soluble yeeb tshuaj, zoo digested cov nyob rau hauv lub cev. Raws li qhia los ntawm tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm kev noj qab nyob noj haus, pectin yuav siv tau rau prophylactic thiab kho lub hom phiaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm tus mob huam.

Lub fiber qauv yog heev ze rau polysaccharides. Nws siab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cereal khoom uas lub npe hu rau. Tsis tas li ntawd ntau npaum li cas ntawm fiber nyob rau hauv cov khoom, tseem ceeb heev yog nws zoo. Lub softer lub carbohydrate, qhov zoo nws yog tawg nyob rau hauv lub plab, thiab hais tias theem ntxiv kev pab rau tus txiv neej. Cov zog muaj fiber ntau zaub thiab qos yaj ywm. Ib qho tseem ceeb feature yog lub peev xwm ntawm lub polysaccharide qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm cov roj uas txhaws los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Tam sim no xav txog txoj kev siv cov carbohydrates nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

parenteral kev noj haus

Kev siv ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj yog loj hlob sai heev. Parenteral kev noj haus - tso dej thawj coj ntawm cov as-ham. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg tus neeg mob yog tsis tau noj nws tus kheej. Kev siv ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv parenteral kev noj haus yog ib yam. Lawv yog siv rau lub yooj yim yog vim li cas hais tias lawv yog cov feem ntau npaj meej muaj nyob qhov twg los ntawm lub zog rau tib neeg lub cev. Carbohydrate Zog nqi ntawm 4 kcal / g. Lub sij hawm tib neeg yuav tsum tau rau lub zog yog hom twg los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 2 txhiab calorie ntau ntau. Li no qhov teeb meem ntawm cais carbohydrates kom tau raws li uas yuav tsum tau. Qhia nyob rau hauv isotonic zib tov mus kiag li them rau cov tib neeg caloric xav tau kev pab yuav tsum tau poured los ntawm 7 mus rau 10 liv ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Qhov no yuav ua rau kua overload, pulmonary edema thiab kab mob.

Siv ntau concentrated kev daws teeb meem ntawm zib fraught nrog rau lwm cov tsis kaj siab txim - emergence ntshav hyperosmolarity thiab stimulations intimal cov hlab ntsha (phlebitis thiab thrombophlebitis). Thiab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm osmotic diuresis, yuav tsum kom muaj cov zib Txoj kev lis ntshav npaum li cas nyob rau hauv lub chav 0.4 rau 0.5 g / kg / h. Yog hais tias peb hloov qhov no daim duab mus rau ib qho isotonic zib daws mus rau muab ib tug me ntsis ntau tshaj li 500 mm ib teev rau ib tug neeg mob uas 70 kg. Yuav kom tiv thaiv cov kev yuam cai ntawm lub kam rau carbohydrates thiab lub ensuing teeb meem, qabzib yog ntxiv rau ib tug tov ntawm insulin. Lub xam yog ua raws li cov mis: 1 U 3-4 grams ntawm qhuav qabzib. Insulin tsis tau tsuas yog muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau cov glucose siv, tab sis tseem muaj txhawb rau ib txwm amino acid haum.

Kev siv ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hom. Nyob rau hauv parenteral kev noj haus yog lug siv: fructose, qabzib, sorbitol, dextran, glycerol thiab ethyl cawv.

invalid zaub mov

Muaj ntau ntau cov pluas noj uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov los yog ib nrab cais los ntawm kev noj haus ntawm carbohydrates zaub mov, raws li tau zoo raws li ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub noj uas muaj protein ntau thiab muaj roj. Lub US Department of Agriculture ua ib tug daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, raws li uas nws twb pom hais tias cov neeg uas haus cov dej zaub mov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv carbohydrates, feem ntau muaj ib tug ib txwm ceeb thawj. Khoom noj khoom haus, uas muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov carbohydrates, ntau noj, tab sis tsawg calorie ntau ntau.

Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv America, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem suffers los ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm tshaj ceeb thawj. Thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg zoo li yog loj hlob tsis tshee. Long-term pejxeem daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas rau cov edible khoom tau qhia hais tias cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev noj haus yeej los ntawm carbohydrates, uas txais tsawg calorie ntau ntau dua li nyiam protein thiab muaj roj, nrog tib tus nqi ntawm cov khoom noj noj. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg los ntawm tag nrho cov neeg teb, thiab muaj ntau tshaj li 10,000 tus neeg, tus nqi qis tshaj lub cev huab hwm coj index. Yog vim li cas yog tias 1000 calories ntawm carbohydrate-muaj zaub mov muaj ib tug ntau ntawm fiber ntau thiab dej. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov neeg tau txais ib tug noj mov ntau as-ham, namely vitamins A thiab C, carotene, poov hlau, hlau thiab magnesium. Sibhawm, cholesterol, zinc, sodium thiab vitamin B12 nyob rau hauv lawv cov pluas noj muaj ib tug me me qhov twg.

Kev siv ntawm carbohydrates thiab nqaijrog nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov yog zoo txog. Txawm li cas los, raws li cov kev siv ntawm carbohydrates rau proteins. Lub high efficiency ntawm carbohydrates li ib tug lub zog qhov chaw dag nyob rau hauv lawv muaj peev xwm mus hluav protein. Thaum ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm carbohydrates, lub cev siv tsawg dua amino acids raws li lub zog nkag mus rau cov zaub mov cov ntaub ntawv uas. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, cov tshuaj yog tsis tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm cov khoom noj, vim hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm yuav tsim los ntawm cov amino acids thiab glycerin, txawm li cas los, ib tug yuav tsum tsis txhob underestimate lawv lub luag hauj lwm. Siv carbohydrates nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 50 grams tauj ib hnub. Txwv tsis pub, tej zaum nws yuav tsum yog ib tug ua txhaum ntawm metabolic dab.

Txawm li cas los, tshaj tsawg ntawm cov carbohydrate ua mus rau tsim ntawm subcutaneous rog. Thaum lub tsev noj cov zaub mov, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog kom los siav tib neeg xav tau rau cov tshuaj, tab sis kuj yuav sib npaug rau noj ntawm ntau hom. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los mus saib xyuas tus piv ntawm tej yam yooj yim thiab complex carbohydrates. Thaum lub cev tau txais ntau suab thaj, lawv muaj peev xwm tsis yuav tsim kom glycogen thiab triglycerides dhau nyob rau hauv txhawb lub tsim ntawm fatty cov ntaub so ntswg. Thaum cov ntshav insulin cov ntsiab lus ntau zog, tus txheej txheem yog ceev.

Complex carbohydrates, raws li txwv mus yooj yim, isoleucine maj mam, yog li lawv cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov ntshav qab maj. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas, nws yog advisable tias lub ntsiab yog ib feem ntawm lub carbohydrate nyob rau hauv khoom noj khoom haus xwb tsis yooj yim rau digestible tshuaj. Lawv cov luj yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 80 thiab 90 feem pua. Qhov uas tsis muaj txoj carbohydrates tshwj xeeb hnov rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov ntshav qab zib, rog, atherosclerosis thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv system.

Raws li koj paub, feem ntau carbohydrates yog siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab cov tshuaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm carbohydrates tsis xaus muaj. Qhov twg lwm tus neeg yuav lawv siv?

piam thaj

Qhov no carbohydrate yog zoo yaim los ntawm lub cev thiab yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm tej yam tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qabzib yog dav siv nyob rau hauv confectionery kev lag luam. Nrog kev pab los ntawm make jellies, caramel, ncuav qab zib thiab lwm yam khoom. Nyob rau hauv lub textile kev lag luam nws ua raws li ib tug txo neeg sawv cev. Thiab nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov glycolic acid thiab ascorbic acid, qabzib yog lub starting khoom. Nrog nws kuj nqa tawm lub synthesis ntawm ib co ntawm cov ntau lawm uas muaj suab thaj.

Txiav txim siab tseem ceeb yog piam thaj fermentation. Nws los nrog sauerkraut, dib, mis nyuj thiab lwm yam khoom, raws li zoo raws li silage. Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov npias siv dej fermentation ntawm qabzib.

cov hmoov txhuv nplej

Starch - ib tug tseem ceeb as. Kom nws yooj yim dua absorbed los ntawm lub cev, cov khoom no yog raug rau thaum tshav kub kub kev kho mob. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kub yog ib nrab hydrolysis ntawm starch, raws li zoo raws li lub tsim ntawm cov dej soluble dextrins. Dextrin, ib zaug nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv yog hydrolyzed rau piam thaj, uas yog zoo yaim los ntawm lub cev. Yog hais tias peb tham txog kev siv ntawm carbohydrates nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, yuav tsis quav ntsej cov hmoov txhuv nplej. Cov khoom tseem ceeb uas ua los ntawm nws - piam thaj thiab zib phoov. Qhov no ntxiv expands qhov chaw nyob rau hauv uas peb yuav tsum tau siv ntawm carbohydrates. Piav mentsis txog tus txheej txheem ntawm cov piam thaj thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej phoov yuav ua tau raws li nram no.

Starch rhuab nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog nta sulfuric acid. Tshaj acid yog neutralized nrog cwj mem av dawb. Lub precipitate calcium sulphate, uas yog tsim nyob rau thaum lub sij hawm neutralization yog lim tawm. Ces cov tshuaj twb feeb meej thiab raug rho tawm therefrom qabzib. Yog hais tias koj tsis coj cov hydrolysis mus rau thaum xaus, koj yuav tau ib sib tov ntawm zib dextrins, uas yog hu ua zib suab thaj. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub confectionery kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, dextrins derived ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej lug siv raws li ib tug nplaum thiab thickener rau cov xim tsev. Starch proves yuav ua li cas muaj ntau haiv neeg daim ntawv thov tej zaum yuav carbohydrates. Tshuaj dab, yog li, nws yuav tsis nyuab.

Yav tas los, nchuav siv, uas tso cai rau koj ua pa ntawm ob lub neej rau hauv ntaub thiab txuas nws lub neej. Txij nplej thiab cov khoom muag los ntawm nws kuj siv nyob rau hauv textile, kev cog tshuaj thiab foundry industries.

Cellulose

Cov kev pab cuam ntawm carbohydrates tsis tas tsis tshua tseem ceeb dua lawv lub luag haujlwm. Kev siv cov carbohydrates tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntau yam ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no. Cellulose (cellulose) yog siv los ntawm tib neeg txij ancient zaug. Ua ntej, tus txiv neej pib siv ntoo ua roj thiab khoom siv khoom. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm paj rwb, flax thiab lwm yam nroj tsuag fibrous, lawv tau kawm ua ib txoj xov. Tom qab ntawd, cov tshuab tau tshwm sim ua rau nws tau txais ntawv los ntawm cov ntoo. Daim ntawv, hauv nws qhov essence, yog ib txheej txheej ntawm fiber ntau fiber ntau, uas tau muab nias thiab ua zoo. Qhov tshwm sim yog qhov chaw ruaj khov, tus lej uas hla tus twg uas tsis muaj riam phom.

Pib, tsuas yog cov khoom noj zaub (stalks ntawm paj rwb thiab mov) siv los ua ntawv. Los ntawm nws, mechanically, lawv muab rho tawm fibres. Tab sis raws li cov neeg zej zog tau tsim, cov ntaub ntawv teev muaj tsis txaus los npog qhov xav tau ntawv. Qhov ntau ntawm nws mus rau ntawv xov xwm. Xav tias qhov tsis zoo ntawm daim ntawv tsis ua si tshwj xeeb ntawm no, mus txog 50 feem pua ntawm cov av ntoo pib ntxiv rau nws. Tom qab ntawd, muaj technology uas pub kom tshem tau cov khoom xws li khoom noj, lignin thiab lwm yam. Ntawm no ntau hom yuav ua tau daim ntawv thov ntawm carbohydrates.

Txog rau hnub, txoj kev uas feem ntau ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cellulose yog sulfite. Nws siv rau ntau qhov chaw uas siv cov carbohydrates. Chemistry ntawm tus txheej txheem yog qhov yooj yim heev. Raws li txoj kev no, cov ntoo yog av thiab siav nyob rau hauv ib tug sib tov nrog poov hlau hydrogen sulphate. Tom qab ntawd, cov cellulose freed ntawm tag nrho impurities yog sib cais ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej. Cov dej cawv tau muaj monosaccharides hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, yog li ntawd nws yog siv los ua raw khoom rau kev tsim cawv. Thiab cellulose kuj yog siv los ua qhov siv cov viscose, acetate thiab tooj liab-ammonia fibers.

Qee zaus carbohydrates tsis meej pem nrog hydrocarbons. Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov kev kawm ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no yog hu ua consonantly, lawv tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog lwm tus. Kev siv cov roj carbon monoxide nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub hauv lub neej thiab tom haujlwm yog ib zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li.

Xaus

Niaj hnub no koj thiab kuv tau sib zog ua kom peb txoj kev paub txog tej yam xws li carbohydrates. Cov khoom, kev siv cov carbohydrates thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsim zoo rau tib neeg, paub meej tias cov tshuaj no yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv peb lub ntiaj teb. Lawv yog txhua qhov thiab txhua yam. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis qhov tseeb hais tias tsis muaj carbohydrates peb lub neej yuav tsis yooj yim sua. Ntau heev yog kev siv cov carbohydrates hauv lub neej.