Lub Austrian economist Friedrich Hayek: A Biography, kev ua ub no, kev ntseeg thiab cov phau ntawv

Friedrich Lub yim hli ntuj von Hayek - yog ib tug Austrian thiab British economist thiab philosopher. Nws tiv thaiv cov kev txaus siab ntawm classical siab. Nyob rau hauv 1974 nws tau txais lub Nobel nqi zog rau ib tug ob peb nrog Gunnar Mirdelom rau "ib tug tho kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb xav ntawm cov nyiaj thiab ... ib tug sib sib zog nqus tsom xam ntawm lub interdependence ntawm nyiaj txiag, kev sib raug zoo thiab cov chaw haujlwm tshwm sim." Hayek hu ua ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Austrian thiab Chicago tsev kawm ntawv. Nws lub ntsiab kev kawm - nws yog economic xam teeb meem, catallactics kev tshawb xav ua li khiav ri paub, tus nqi lub teeb liab, tshwm sim kev txiav txim, Hayek qauv, Hebb.

lus qhia dav dav

Friedrich Hayek yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev theorist thiab kev nom kev tswv philosopher ntawm lub XX caug xyoo. Nws soj txog yuav ua li cas hloov tus nqi Pib ntsais koj teeb tus neeg ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas yuav pab lawv ua hauj lawv cov kev npaj, yog ib qho tseem ceeb kawm tau ntawv zoo nyob rau hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Hayek koom nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tsov rog, thiab tau hais ntau ntau zaus hais tias qhov no kev tau tsim nyob rau hauv nws ib lub siab xav mus ua ib tus paub txog thiab pab tau cov neeg tsis txhob ua yuam kev uas coj mus rau cov tub teeb meem. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, nws feem ntau hloov nws qhov chaw nyob. Friedrich Hayek ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Austria, lub UK, Teb chaws USA thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws yog ib tug xib fwb nyob rau London Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Economics, Chicago thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Fribourg. Nyob rau hauv 1939, Hayek twb pom British pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1984 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Knights ntawm yawm thiab cov thawj neeg tau kev pab ntawm cov Hans Martin Schleyer nqi zog. Nws tsab xov xwm "Kev siv ntawm kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv haiv neeg" twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub saum toj nees nkaum, luam tawm nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal Lub American Economic Review rau tus thawj 100 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej.

biography

Friedrich Hayek yug nyob rau hauv Vienna. Nws txiv yog ib tug kws kho mob thiab cov Mus Xyuas tom xib fwb ntawm Botany nyob rau hauv zos tsev kawm ntawv. Hayek niam tau yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug nplua nuj tsev neeg ntawm cov tswv av. Dhau li Frederick, qhov ob peb muaj ob tug lwm tus tub (1.5 thiab 5 xyoo yau dua nws). Ob Hayek yawg yog kws tshawb fawb. Nws ob nkauj muam nraug nus nyob rau niam sab yog ib tug naas ej philosopher Ludwig Vittgenstayn. Tag nrho cov no heev pab cov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub paj ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej tus paub txog. Nyob rau hauv 1917, Friedrich Hayek tuaj koom lub artillery tso kom muaj kab muaj kev nyob rau hauv lub Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub Italian pem hauv ntej. Nws twb muab tsub rau nws ua siab loj thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog.

Nyob rau hauv 1921 thiab 1923 nws defended nws PhD nyob rau hauv txoj cai lij choj thiab nom tswv Science. Nyob rau hauv 1931 nws pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau London Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Economics. Nws sai sai ua nto moo. Thiab hais txog Hayek tham txog raws li lub ntsiab theorists nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Tom qab lub teb chaws Yelemees yog nyob rau hauv Nazi txoj cai, nws txiav txim siab coj British pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv 1950-1962 xyoo nws nyob nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Tom qab ntawd, nws tsiv mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txawm li cas los, Hayek tseem ib tug British kawm ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1974 nws yeej qhov Nobel nqi zog. Qhov kev tshwm sim coj nws txawm nrov dua. Thaum lub sij hawm lub ceremony, nws tau ntsib nrog lub Lavxias teb sab dissident Aleksandrom Solzhenitsynym. Tom qab ntawd nws tau xa nws ib tug neeg txhais lus ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm, "Txoj Kev rau Serfdom."

Tej lub neej

Nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 1926, Friedrich Hayek sib yuav Helen Berte Marii von Fritsch. Lawv tau ntsib nyob rau ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Qhov ob peb muaj ob tug me nyuam, tab sis lawv tsoo nyob rau hauv 1950. Ob lub lis piam tom qab sib nrauj Hayek sib yuav Helen Bitterlich nyob rau hauv Arkansas, qhov twg nws yuav tsum tau ua.

Friedrich Hayek: Phau Ntawv

Lub University of Chicago yog npaj los tso ib tug sau los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm tus paub txog, uas tau ua hauj lwm rau ib tug heev lub sij hawm ntev ntawm no. Ib tug series ntawm 19 tagnrho yuav muaj tshiab versions ntawm cov phau ntawv, sau sib tham, cov khoom, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab unpublished drafts. Hayek nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm muaj xws li:

• "Ntsig txog kev xav thiab lub Trade voj voog" 1929.
• "Nqi thiab ntau lawm", 1931.
• "Income, kev txaus siab thiab peev thiab lwm yam kev sau nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav ntawm muaj hloov mus hloov los," 1939.
• "Txoj kev mus Serfdom," 1944.
• "Individualism thiab Economic Order," 1948.
• "Hloov ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej," 1951.
• "Lub counter-kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv science: cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev tsim txom lub siab", 1952.
• "Lub Constitution ntawm kev ywj pheej," 1960.
• "Kev tuag conceit: socialism yuam kev" 1988.

Friedrich Hayek, "Txoj Kev rau Serfdom"

Nws yog lub npe nrov tshaj ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Austrian economist thiab philosopher. Nws tau sau nws nyob rau hauv 1940-1943 feem. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws ceeb toom ntawm cov kev piam sij ntawm tyranny, uas tas xaus tsoom fwv tswj qhov kev txiav txim los ntawm lub hauv paus kev npaj kev txiav txim siab. Friedrich von Hayek cav hais tias cov rejection ntawm individualism thiab cov tswv yim ntawm classical siab inevitably ua rau koj tsis tau kev ywj pheej, lub creation ntawm ib tug passive zej zog, cov dictatorship thiab cov "qhev" ntawm cov neeg. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov nqe lus ntawm tus paub txog khiav counter rau scientific tej hauj lwm muaj nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm uas views uas siab phem (National socialism) yog tus capitalist lus teb rau cov kev loj hlob ntawm socialism. Hayek taw tes qhia tawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov tshuab ob. ntau tshaj ob tug lab cov ntawv luam ntawm "Cov kev mus Serfdom," tau raug muag vim cov ntawv qhia. Cov ua hauj lwm Fridriha Hayeka tau muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau economic thiab kev nom kev tswv kev daws nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo. Nws quote niaj hnub no.

Pab thiab Recognition

Hayek lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm nyiaj txiag thought. Nws lub tswv yim yog cov thib ob citation (tom qab Kenneth xub) nyob rau hauv lub lectures ntawm Nobel laureates. Vernon Smith thiab Herbert Simon hu ua nws nto moo tshaj plaws kawm economists. Nws Hayek thawj yuav ua kom paub ib tug sab nqaij daim tawv dimension nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam equilibrium. Nws muaj ib tug tseem ceeb cawv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev loj hlob lub hom phiaj, ntaub ntawv economics thiab lub tswvyim ntawm txawj txiav txim.

Legacy thiab honors

Txawm tias tom qab txoj kev tuag, Hayek tshua ib ntawm hnub no tus muaj koob economists. Nws views tsis ua obsolete. Npe nyob rau hauv nws yawm:

• Tub Ntxhais Kawm Ntawv Society nyob rau London Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Economics. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1996.
• Society ntawm Oxford. Tsim nyob rau hauv 1983.
• Cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau Cato lub koom haum. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, Hayek twb muab tsub lub title ntawm honored senior tshawb fawb khub ntawm lub American kev tshawb fawb lub koom haum.
• Cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau University Francisco Marroquin nyob rau hauv Guatemala.
• Foundation rau zaum ntawm lub koom haum ntawm tib Studies. Nws muab postgraduate puav pheej thiab cov tub ntxhais soj ntsuam.
• Ib xyoos ib zaug Qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv Ludwig von Mises lub koom haum. Nws zaum tham txog Hayek tshab rau science.
• Puav pheej ntawm George Mason University sau economic tsab ntawv.