Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm 14-15 centuries

Thaum mus kev rau lub apogee ntawm Northern Renaissance, yog heev tsawg nyob rau hauv lub theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab kos duab thiab cov ntaub ntawv flourished nyob rau hauv lub Italian kab lis kev cai thiab tej ntaub ntawv ntawm lub High Renaissance, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm teb chaws Europe, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Holland.

Nyob rau hauv lub 14-15th centuries Lavxias teb sab nqi zog cia li pib mus co los ntawm lawv cov xub pwg nyom tshauv ntev thiab mob Tatar-Mongol quab. Tsis ceeb, lub sij hawm no sib txawv me ntsis los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chronicles lub Tsaus Hnub nyoog.

Early Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv

Medieval Literature Lavxias teb sab principalities mas muaj keeb kwm, muaj ntau yam uas yog anonymous, thiab lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntseeg. Lub qhov ncauj pej xeem cov ntaub ntawv ntawm medieval Russia muaj tales thiab zaj nkauj. Literature 14-15 centuries, ntsig txog, muaj qhov ncauj ntaub ntawv, keeb kwm thiab lub neej. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, nws tsim kev txaus siab rau txawv teb chaws legends, thiab ua haujlwm.

Lus creativity (los yog lus dab neeg) - ib tug collective pej xeem kos duab, dhau los ntawm qhov ncauj mus rau lub qhov ncauj. Lus dab neeg hau kev cai thiab worldview ntawm cov neeg, tsim cim dluab thiab lem ntawm kab lus. Ntawm cov loj yam ntawm Lavxias teb sab pej xeem art ib tug tshwj xeeb cawv rau cov kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj epics, tales thiab keeb kwm zaj nkauj.

Lwm yam ntawm lus dab neeg

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau daim ntawv sau cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog monotonous thiab yuav luag tag secularized, qhov ncauj ntaub ntawv ntawm 14-15 centuries nyob rau hauv Russia yog tag nrho ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam. Yuav kom dim tej hauj lwm teej tug mus rau lub ritual chants, epos, fairy tales, thiab ntawm cov hoob kawm, paub zoo tias paj lug, sayings, funny, thiab lullabies.

Bylina - thawj ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg, thawj version ntawm lub heroic epic, uas qhia rau hauv lub tiag tiag keeb kwm tau thiab cov neeg. Epics yog feem ntau supplemented los ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm cov ntawv tseeb thiab exaggerates lub hwj chim ntawm heroes.

Tales - zajlus dab neeg los yog epics, retold nyob rau hauv cov lus yooj yim thiab ntawm ib tug txiav txim los yog feat, nyeem mythical cim thiab khawv koob.

Keeb kwm nkauj - ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm dab neeg, coj zoo nyob rau hauv lub 14th xyoo pua thiab nruab nrab yog ib tug rethinking ntawm lub epic. Qhuas qhov tseem ceeb keeb kwm cov txheej xwm thiab personalities txuam nrog lawv.

sau cov ntaub ntawv

Literature muaj hnub nyoog 14-15 muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv - tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm, nrog rau cov loj heev keeb kwm, cov monks theej los ntawm txhais tes. Phau ntawv ob peb, thiab lawv xyaum tsis tau daim sab nraum lub tsev teev ntuj.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub complexity ntawm luam cov ntaub ntawv, ntaub ntawv 14-15 centuries nyob rau hauv Russia yog xyaum tsis ntsib nrog lub tswvyim ntawm copyright - tej hauj sam, rewriting ua hauj lwm yuav ntxiv los yog tshem tawm cov feem uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm xam tau tias yog tsim nyog. Yog li, muaj yog tsis ua hauj lwm sau ua ntej rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 16th, uas yuav tau tib yam nyob rau hauv duplicate.

Muaj ntau linguists thiab txawj scholars xav tias ib co keeb kwm yog cov khoom ntawm collective creativity. Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov no yog qhov lus thiab stylistic inconsistency hauv ib tug thiab tib yam hauj lwm. Qhov no siv tsis tau tsuas yog keeb kwm, tab sis kuj nyob ntawm cov neeg ntseeg.

Ib hom ntawv nyeem taub hau thiab lub siab lub ntsws richness

Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv 14-15 centuries, thiab txawm mus txog 17-18 centuries, nws tau tsim heev conservatively. Literary kev cai thiab cov rooj sib txoos ntawm kev sau ntawv yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ib hom ntawv nyeem. Yog li ntawd, stylistic thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej hauj lwm tau hloov tsis dheev, tab sis ntseeg nkaws, raws li yog hais tawm los ntawm lwm tus. Nws yog li ntawd qhuav thiab austere lub tsev teev ntuj tej ntaub ntawv los ua kev xav thiab nyob ze rau cov neeg.

Nyhuv dejnum Tatar quab tsaug ceeb raws li tej yam yooj yim ua teb los yog craftsman thiab paub txog pious monk. Nyob rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb lament, cov kev tu siab thiab nyob mus ib txhis ntxeev siab tau yug los rau ib tug tshiab Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv 14-15 centuries, sib txuas ntxiv ntawm lub qhuav yam ntawm kev nthuav qhia chronicles lub neej ntawm tus nplua nuj hais lus, raws li tau zoo raws li cov dluab thiab haiv neeg qhov ncauj kev lig kev cai.

Cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm thaum ntxov ntaub ntawv

Zoo li cov ntseeg Vajtswv, kev sau ntawv, thiab cov ntaub tuaj mus rau lub Lavxias teb sab principalities los ntawm sab nraum, qhov no yog tej zaum yog vim li cas cov thawj cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub neej ntawm thiaj li zoo ib yam li Byzantine thiab thiaj li strikingly sib txawv ntawm cov lus dab neeg. Thaum cov lus ntawm lub keeb kwm qhuav thiab complex, folk songs, tales thiab epics, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub vernacular, tag nrho ntawm tiag tiag li dluab thiab muab tau yooj yim.

Muaj ntau kev kawm ntawv thiab critics, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Slavophiles thiab los ntawm UFW ntawm cov tswv yim, xav txog hais tias Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv uas niaj hnub lub sij hawm, nrog rau cov kub ntawm nws daim tawv muag, tshuav nws originality tsis tsuas cov uniqueness ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig, yuav ua li cas coj txawv txawv, npaj txhij txog thaum lawv tseem qhuav daim ntawv ntawm cov lus tseeb, ib tug sib sib zog nqus piety thiab cov nplua nuj imagery ancient cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 11th muaj incompatibility, raws li saum ntuj ceeb tsheej thiab lub ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv lub 14-15 centuries yog mixed.

Thaum ntxov ntaub ntawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig. National tswv yim, yog haiv neeg twg thiab thawj morality, tag nrho cov uas distinguishes hnub no Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, tuaj los ntawm tus thawj heev centuries ntawm nws lub neej. Hais tias cov ntaub ntawv 14-15 centuries teb cov leem txoj kev rau cov poj tales ntawm Pushkin, Gogol zoo kawg cov dab neeg thiab kwv huam ntawm Lermontov, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, muaj ib tug formative cawv rau yav tom ntej ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai.