Kws ntawv Andrei Sinyavsky: biography, creativity thiab sau

Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich, uas nws biography tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1997 nyob rau hauv Paris, hnub no tsis yog tsuas yog tsis nco qab lawm, tab sis tseem yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb cov nuj nqis ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws. Nws lub npe yog lossi hais nyob rau hauv lub mob socio-thoj sib cav tswv yim tawg tawm ntawm txawv txawj pab pawg. Yog li ntawd tsis txhob superfluous nco qab no txawv tshaj plaw txiv neej thiab xav paub dab tsi xav thiab cov tswv yim nws xav qhia rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv.

Los ntawm cov biography ntawm ib tug txawj sau ntawv

Lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv Andrei Sinyavsky yug nyob rau hauv 1925 nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nws loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txawj ntse tsev neeg nrog aristocratic paus. Cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv tuav ib tug muaj koob txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, tab sis kuj cim thiab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary txheej xwm. Zoo-paub qhov tseeb yog hais tias nws yog cov kev cai thiab kev txawj ntse puag ncig muaj ib tug decisive cawv rau tsim ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim cwm pwm. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no ib puag ncig thiab hloov lub neej yav tom ntej nto moo txawj sau ntawv Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Cov tsev neeg xav txhawb tus tub hluas muaj siab rau kev txawj ntse. Ntawm kev txaus siab yog Andrew pom mus rau Philology thiab kawm txog lwm hom lus. Tab sis nws txoj kev kawm ntawv raug ncua los ntawm lub phaum ua tsov ua rog. Txij li thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1941, nws tsev neeg nyob hauv qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm Syzran. Qhov twg tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm high school Andrei Sinyavsky nws twb nais tau sau tseg rau hauv cov tub rog. Cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow State University, nws cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv 1945, tom qab lub yeej. Tom qab nws kawm tiav, nws coj cov kev tshawb fawb kev ua ub no nyob rau lub koom haum ntawm lub ntiaj teb no Literature, thiab kuj tau qhia journalism ntawm Moscow State University thiab lub Moscow Art Theatre tsev kawm ntawv.

txawj ua hauj lwm

Lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv zoo kawg ntaub ntawv txawj sau ntawv Andrei Sinyavsky pib nrog ib qho tseem ceeb tsab ntawv, kev sau ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov ntawv sau txog ntawm lub classics ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tau raug lees paub tias nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv pej xeem. Hluas txawj sau ntawv enjoyed zoo-deserved lub koob npe nrov nyob rau hauv Moscow tus bohemian voj voog, thiab nyob deb tshaj nws cov ciam teb rau lwm. Tom ntej yog cov zoo vistas thiab vam meej hav zoov ntawm cov Soviet txawj functionary. Cuaj kaum, tus txawj sau ntawv Andrei Sinyavsky, uas nws biography hloov zuj zuj zoo heev, npaj txhij mus ua nyob rau hauv koj lub neej ib tug ntse tig. Nws tsis yog paub nws tus kheej li cas shocks tos nws tom ntej.

Anplahas Tertz

Thaum muaj tej theem ntawm nws creativity cov txawj sau ntawv tau ntsib nrog ib tug keeg puab unsolvable teeb meem - lub cev tsis txawj hais lus thiab sau ntawv mus rau qhov tseeb ntawm kev muaj tiag, thiab nws kev sib raug zoo rau nws. Tsis muaj ib tug yuav puas tau nyeem los yog hnov ib yam dab tsi uas twb npaj mus hais nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Phau ntawv nws cia li yuav tsis tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Tab sis cov tshuaj tau pom. Nyob rau hauv ib tug lam xav lub npe nws yuav hais txawm nws xav tias yog tsim nyog. Thiab luam tawm lawv ua hauj lwm sab nraum lawv lub tsev lub teb chaws. Nws pseudonym Andrei Sinyavsky borrowed los ntawm cov cim ntawm lub Odessa tub sab songs. Nws narrated lub adventures ntawm ib tug petty tub sab ntawm cov neeg Yudais haiv neeg. Yog li ntawd nws tau los ua Anplahas peb. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov sixties nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob muaj tau luam tawm tshiab "Hlub", zaj dab neeg "Lub tsev hais plaub mus" thiab sharply publicistic tsab xov xwm "yog dab tsi Socialist realism?", Famously thuam official hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Soviet ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv nws teb koj chaw, ob peb guessed hais tias tus neeg sau ntawm cov tej hauj lwm yog Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Nws cov phau ntawv tuaj tawm nrog lub npe ntawm Anplahas Tertz rau lub title page. Sinyavsky yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj uas muaj kev tswj kom dag Soviet censorship.

txheej txheem

Tsuas yog tam sim no lub Soviet cov tub ceev xwm xws tawm tsam nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv paus tsis zam txim rau. Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj xyoo 1965, tus kws twb puas tau raug ntes los ntawm cov KGB. Peb coj nws rau Nikitsky Boulevard thaum lub tsheb npav nres. Yog li, Andrei Sinyavsky, biography uas li no taw tes tsis tau cog lus xws li ib tug ntse koj lem, los ua ib tug neeg raug txim. Raws li cov tib cov ntaub ntawv, nws twb puas tau raug ntes thiab txawj sau ntawv Xya hli ntuj Daniel, kuj luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob, lawv cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug pseudonym. Tus txheej txheem ntawm Sinyavsky-Daniel tau ua heev ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev xav. Lub Soviet Union sim sau ntawv rau tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Nws yog heev npaum li cas xws li ib tug medieval dab mus yos hav zoov.

Social zog nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Sinyavsky thiab Daniel

Lub sim ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv twb muaj ib tug xya-xyoo kab lus, tau tshwm sim los ib tug zoo pej xeem outcry nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union thiab tshaj. Zoo nam yog qhov tseeb hais tias muaj ntau yam ntawm cov neeg raug kaw sawv rau lub teb chaws. Thiab qhov no tau tshwm sim txawm lub unbridled official propaganda. Rau lub hwj chim, ib lub koom haum lub foob ntawm Sinyavsky thiab Daniel, nws yog ib tug unpleasant surprise. Cov neeg sau npe rau petitions nyob rau hauv tiv thaiv ntawm sau ntawv thiab txawm mus rau hauv ib lub qauv qhia nyob rau hauv lub center ntawm Moscow. Qhov no txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ib tug ncaj ncees ua siab tawv qhawv. Defenders sau ntawv yuav yooj yim mus tom qab lawv. Tab sis lub zog shirilos nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus neeg raug liam. Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam European capitals, thiab txawv teb chaws muaj ib tug tawm tsam nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Soviet diplomatic missions.

Nyob rau hauv captivity

Xaus Andrei Sinyavsky tau txais kev pab Mordovia, nyob rau hauv lub "Dubrovlag". Raws li cov lus qhia ua los ntawm Moscow, nws twb tsuas yog siv rau lub toughest hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov txawj sau ntawv tsis muaj kev sau ntawv ua hauj lwm. Qab pos Andrei Sinyavsky sau ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov phau ntawv - "Lub suab los ntawm cov Chorus," "Taug kev nrog Pushkin", "Nyob rau hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm Gogol." Tus sau yog tsis txawm paub tias nws tsim nyob rau hauv lub xaus yuav mus txog ntawm yuav, kom tus nyeem ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm thoob ntiaj teb pej xeem lub tswv yim sau ntawv, nws twb tso tawm hauv nkuaj ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1971 nws twb tso tawm.

mus txawv teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv 1973, Paris tus naas ej Sorbonne University muaj ib tug tshiab xibfwb los ntawm Russia - Andrei Sinyavsky. Biography ntawm tus kws nyob rau hauv exile txuas ntxiv. Ib tug qhia txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Fabkis, nws tau caw tsocai tom qab tso tawm los ntawm lub tsev loj cuj. Tab sis tsuas yog ib qho professorship txawj sau ntawv tsis yog yuav mus yuav xwb. Andrei Sinyavsky, uas nws phau ntawv muaj resonate nrog ib tug dav pawg neeg rau thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kuv lub neej yog nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg nws yuav luam tawm tsab txawm nws pom haum. Yog tsis muaj kev xav txog censorship. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem muaj yog tias nws twb sau rov qab nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union.

Nrog nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv kev, lub "Taug kev nrog Pushkin." Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem muaj teeb meem phau ntawv, tus sau los ntawm Sinyavskiy Andrey Donatovich. Tus kws sau ntawv tus poj niam, Maria Rozanova, rau ib co raws li, nws yog ib tug co-sau. Phau ntawv no Andrei Sinyavsky wrote nyob rau hauv tsev loj cuj thiab xa nws nyob rau hauv private xov xwm los ntawm qab lub pos. Raws li tus neeg chapters.

Andrei Sinyavsky, "Ib tug Qhib Tsab ntawv rau Solzhenitsyn"

Muaj ib co surprise Sinyavsky pom tias nyob rau hauv cov zajlus txawv teb chaws boil lub tib passion li nyob rau hauv Moscow. Lavxias teb sab mus txawv teb chaws nyob deb ntawm kev sib sau. Kuj hais lus, nws twb muab faib ua ob camps - liberals thiab patriots. Thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub patriotic sab nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv thiab journalistic khoom ntawm lub tshiab xib fwb ntawm lub Sorbonne yog sharply tsis zoo. Kev tsis nyiam ib phau ntawv hu ua Anplahas Tertz "Taug kev nrog Pushkin." Feem ntau cov critics xav ces leej twg los ntawm haiv neeg Andrei Sinyavsky. Thiab Anplahas Tertz tsis tu siab cov neeg tuaj saib, delivering ib tug ntse cem rau nws tw. Nyob rau hauv nws nto moo "Qhib Tsab ntawv rau Solzhenitsyn," nws liam tus naas ej compatriot nyob rau hauv cog tshiab authoritarianism thiab intolerance ntawm lwm views. Thiab nrog ib tug pinch ntawm sarcasm nws coj tuaj rau cov xim uas tus ADDRESSEE tias nyob rau hauv lub teeb meem ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg mus blame nws tus kheej, tsis yog ib co mythical cov neeg Yudais thiab lwm yam rog tsaus nti. Tom qab no controversy nkag tau mus rau Anplahas Tertz nyob rau hauv emigre periodicals twb mus tas li kaw. Kws ntawv Andrei Sinyavsky twb yuam kom xav txog lub hauv paus ntawm peb tus kheej magazine.

"Syntax"

Qhov no tsab tsim. Rau ntau xyoo ib ntawm cov chaw zov me nyuam txawj ntse thiab sab ntsuj plig attraction ntawm Lavxias teb sab mus txawv teb chaws yog cov "Syntax" magazine. Nws luam tawm nyob rau hauv Paris, Andrei Sinyavsky thiab Maria Rozanov. Lub magazine npog ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo, nom tswv thiab kev sau ntawv lub neej. Cov ntawv yog fundamentally qhib rau cov neeg uas txawv cov ntsiab lus ntawm view. Nws luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub Soviet Union. "Syntax" coj mus controversy nrog lwm nrov nyob rau hauv emigre voj voog ib tsab - "av" Vladimir Maximov.