Kunstkamera nyob rau hauv Saint Petersburg: Tsev khaws puav pheej

Kunstkamera nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (lub npe tag nrho -. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Anthropology thiab ethnography muaj npe tom qab Petra Velikogo, Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences) twb nrhiav tau los ntawm huab tais Peter lub Great nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Nws qhib nyob rau hauv 1714.

Ntau tshaj ib vam artifacts sau nyob rau hauv lub Kunstkammer thaum lub caij, tab sis ib tug ob peb kaum los yog pua pua ntawm cov tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm curiosities uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom, tau coj los ntawm Peter lub Great los ntawm nws tej kev mus nyob rau hauv ces thiab Holland, uas tus huab tais cog lus nyob rau hauv 1698. Travelling txawv teb chaws huab tais mus xyuas lub tsev khaws, admired "heev kawg nkaus" sau los ntawm rarities thiab nyob rau hauv lub kawg, kuv txiav txim siab kom khov kho tsim nyob rau hauv Russia zoo xws li cov Lavxias teb sab neeg. Uas tau tsav ua lub tswv yim no, Peter pib mus yuav tsawg yam khoom, phau ntawv qub, riam phom, cuab yeej, khoom - txhua yam uas yuav surprise. Lossis loj sau tuaj rau Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub muaj koob muaj npe palace. Yog li ntawd, Curiosities - tus thawj Lavxias teb sab tsev cia puav pheej.

zaj dabneeg

Nyias sau kho mob anatomical rarities fwm nyob rau hauv dej cawv freaks kiag, ib co pov thawj ntawm tej yam ntuj tso anomalies, tej khoom ntawm ancient lub neej thiab lub neej ntawm ancient cov neeg. Pua pua ntawm cov cim teev tsim lub hauv paus ntawm "curiosities txee" ntawm Lavxias teb sab tsar. Halls ntawm lub Moscow chaw nyob ntawm Peter yog tsis muaj tsev nyob yuav teev cia los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no leej twg xa cov tub xa xov, xa tawm mus nrhiav thiab yuav zoo khoom. Nws yog ces txiav txim siab mus nqa cov khoom muaj nqis, "lub sovereign lub chaw ua hauj lwm" nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab los tsim kom tau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsev rau lub Kunstkammer. Tus mus tau ua nyob rau hauv 1714, tag nrho cov teev yog ib ntus muab tso rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov Palace. Thiab thaum nyob rau hauv lub palace coob, feem ntau ntawm lawv muab tso nyob rau hauv lub tsev Boyar Kikin - qhov thiaj li hu ua kikinskie Chamber. Nws twb ces txiav txim siab los mus tsim nws tus kheej lub tsev khaws puav pheej tsev, thiab qhov chaw xaiv rau nws siv nyob rau ntxeev ntawm Vasilyevsky Island, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub caij ntuj no Palace, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Hermitage.

Pib ntawm kev tsim kho

Peter siv cov kev faib ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej twb pib nyob rau hauv 1718 thiab lasted kom txog nees nkaum xyoo. By lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm cov huab tais - nyob rau hauv 1725 - peb yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj ib lub phab ntsa xwb. Cov kws kes duab vajtse yog Johann Georg Mattarnovi uas tsim lub project nyob rau hauv lub Baroque style thiab tsev rau 1719. Tom qab nws tuag, nws txuas ntxiv qhov kev tsim kho ntawm lub Nicholas Gerbel. Nyob rau hauv 1724 Gaetano Kiaveri coj chaw ua hauj lwm kws kes duab vajtse. Nyob rau hauv 1726 nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej pib import teev.

qauv

Ob peb-storey tsev ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog kev cob cog rua rau theem ntauwd nrog ib tug Baroque dome. Cov teev nyob rau hauv tag nrho sab hnub tuaj tis ntawm cov complex, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences, ib tug nruab nrab lub tsev yog anatomical ua yeeb yam, thiab yog cov txheej txheem ntawm Gottorp Globe thiab Observatory rau nws, nyob rau hauv tus pej thuam nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv thaum xyoo 1830, lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm Curiosities nyob rau hauv Saint-Petersburg tau muab faib ua plaub cais Botanical, ethnographic, Zoological thiab mineralogical, txhua tus uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib feem ntawm lub ntsiab puas. Thematically Curiosities muaj yim seem:

• Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Kunstkammer. Lavxias teb sab science ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo.
• Anatomical seem.
• North America.
• Is Nrias teb thiab Indonesia.
• Nyiv.
• Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia.
• Teb chaws Africa.
• Australia thiab Oceania.

Keeb kwm Kunstkamery

Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Curiosities nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nrog peb exhibitions: "Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm M. V. Lomonosova", "Astronomical Observatory ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences ntawm St. Petersburg" thiab "Gottorp Globe-Planetarium". Lub exhibition qhia rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub ntawm lub Kunstkammer, ib tug ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mob siab rau kev ua si ntawm University thiab lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences, lub Observatory thiab lub caij nyoog lub sij hawm ntawm qhov kev pab, yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntauwd ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej, raws li zoo raws li lub koom ua ke ntawm cov pa kab Petersburg meridian. Permament qhia sablaj Room ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences.

anatomical seem

Kunstkamera nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg (yees duab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm) muaj ib tug heev interesting lub cev seem. Ntawm no, ib tug loj tso rau sau los ntawm txawv txav rarities ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm :. no anatomical deformities, piv txwv sirenomelia, Siamese menyuam ntxaib, cyclops tus me nyuam yaj uas ob taub hau, lwm yam ntsiab exhibition muaj xws li ib tug sau ntawm lub Dutch anatomist Frederik Ruysch, uas twb kis tau los ntawm Peter lub Great rau ib tug loj sum nyob rau hauv Tsaw Chaw 1717 xyoo.

North America

Kunstkamera nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog ib qho exposition devoted mus rau ancient neeg ntawm lub North American sab av loj - cov Eskimos, Isdias Asmesliskas, Aleuts. Lub exhibition muaj xws li ib tug vaj tsev sab qaum teb neeg, cov txheej thaum ub siv - koob plague yaranga. Lub tsev Khab qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lodges, nrog ib tug classic thiab tsis muaj coloring. Tsis tas li ntawd featuring lub teb chaws tiab ntawm lub ancient inhabitants ntawm North America, yog ua los ntawm cov tsiaj phua ntiag, furs, plaub thiab cog fibers.

Is Nrias teb thiab Indonesia

Cov neeg ntawm South Asia yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv lub Kunstkammer nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntau haiv neeg: ntawm no thiab hauv lub tsev ntawm lub ancient pab pawg neeg, thiab ua noj ua haus tais diav, thiab riam phom uas muab cov khoom noj thiab cov uas mus tua. Qhov tshwj xeeb txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub Armory exposition Is Nrias teb nyob ib txoj kev nkhaus ntaj hu ua "Kris" - ib tug txaus ntshai, tsis hlub leejtwg li txias caj npab, li tus nplaig ntawm nplaim taws. Tab sis feem ntau ntawm cov teev seem hais txog kev sib haum xeeb. Lug sawv cev ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb veshalah decomposed ancient yeeb yam txiv neej thiab poj niam sib foob, ces dai puppets. Ib tug luv luv deb deb yog ib theem rau ua yeeb yam ntawm cov ua yeeb yam ntawm ntxoov ntxoo. Muaj ntau artifacts ntawm carved ntoo coj los ntawm ntau yam Indian cheeb tsam.

Nyiv

Tsev neeg cov khoom thiab Japanese ancient Ainu neeg inhabiting lub Japanese Islands tuaj nyob rau hauv prehistoric lub sij hawm, yog nyob rau hauv lub seem ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm lub Rising Sun ethnography. Ntau mloog yog them mus rau lub Japanese tawm rau nuv ntses thiab yos hav zoov. Lub exhibition muaj tiag tiag nuv ntses tsoo, txheej thaum ub hooks, nets thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm cuab, tuaj mus rau lub Kunstkammer ntawm nyob deb lub sij hawm, ib co ntawm cov teev ntau tshaj 10 txhiab xyoo. Nyias tshaaj armor thiab riam phom ntawm cov Japanese samurai. Kunstkamera nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog samurai swords "katana", uas yog nrog rau tej yam me me tej ntaj "kusungobu" rau ritual yus tua yus - harakiri. Muaj kuj yog ib tug poj niam ritual ntaj, yog li me me hais tias lawv tseem tsis pom txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam txhais tes, tab sis lawv nqa txoj kev tuag. Yog li ntawd cov riam yog txaus poj niam ntawm samurai xeem kov lub caj dab, thiab nws twb tuag.

Tuam Tshoj thiab Mongolia

Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas pib ua Tuam Tshoj raws li ib tug lub teb chaws ntawm discoverers iav, txhob lo lo ntxhuav thiab gunpowder. Antique poob lawm ntawm zoo Tuam Tshoj sau raug. Ntawm no, countless khob thiab saucers, kas fes pots thiab qab zib tais. Lauj kaub tais diav sau thiab muab faib los ntawm nom tswv cajceg kev raws li iav khob yooj yim ua teb thiab kuj zoo kawg noble radically sib txawv. Lub exhibition pib tus naas ej Suav cloisonne, cov khoom ua los ntawm cov pob txha, cov pob zeb thiab ntoo. Ntuj txhob lo lo ntxhuav, woven los ntawm ob txhais tes ntawm cov ancient weavers tsis tau hloov dhau ib tiam, nws yog tseem raws li yeeb yuj. Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom yog ib daim iav-ib hnub ci taub rhaub dej. Qhov no ntaus ntawv tau nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txhua Suav tsev: hemisphere tsom iav, npaj kom tias lub hnub lub rays reflected los ntawm cov iav, sau rau hauv ib nras thiab tshem tawm rhuab hwj kais.

Kunstkamera nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg yog lub Mongolian exhibition, nyob rau hauv uas lub ntsiab sau yog ib tug yurt - nomad tsev uas yuav tsum tau daim ntau quav tso thiab thauj mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Cov yurts tau proliferated txij li thaum pib ntawm lub XV caug xyoo. Ntawm ntev ntoo tuav mus grating tau txais kev pab raws li cov tub ntxhais, ces slatted ncej them nrog felt thiab ligate ropes. Lub yurt twb teem nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev uas lub qhov rooj tig xubntias rau sab qab teb. Muab cov phab ntsa opposite rau kev nkag, nws suav hais tias kev tsim txiaj, thiab feem ntau yog muaj zaum nyob zoo qhua. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub puab qhov chaw ntawm lub yurt muab faib mus rau hauv poj niam thiab txiv neej halves. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev yog ib qhov chaw, ib qhov chaw dawb ceev.

Nomads feem ntau hloov lawv qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw nyob, nws yog tsim nyog mus nrhiav pasture rau nyuj. Tsis tas li ntawd qhia yog cov Mongolian ua liaj ua teb implements, nees saddles, harnesses thiab pam vov rau nees.

Africa

Kunstkamera - Tsev khaws puav pheej, uas kuj muaj ib chav tsev devoted mus rau av loj neeg Asmeskas. Nws pib lub keeb kwm ntawm dub cov neeg nyob ib tug ob peb centuries dhau los nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub Sahara suab puam. Muaj cov tswv yim qub ua liaj ua teb cov cuab yeej, ntoo plows rho los ntawm nyuj tom ntej no pib txhua hnub khoom thiab artefacts, artfully ua los ntawm ebony.

Australia thiab Oceania

Australian exhibition muaj mas ntawm kev nuv ntses iav thiab mus yos hav zoov cov khoom, uas cov natives mus khwv tau lawv ua neej nyob. Muaj ntau Australians tau divers, thiab ntawm tua pearls los ntawm cov dej hiav txwv pem teb. Ua li no, lawv tau muaj kev tshwj xeeb pab kiag li lawm, uas yog tseem tuaj nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom.

Kunstkamera nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, duab rau cov uas raug xa mus los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no, lossi expanding lawv raug.