Khoom noj ib 1 m3 ntawm qhob, lub zoo kev faib ua feem xam nta thiab cov tswv yim

Thaum kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tej theem, los ntawm ib tug skyscraper rau ib lub teb chaws lub tsev, tsis tau tsis muaj qhob. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv los mus sau lub hauv paus, erection ntawm phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lub tsev siv, tus ntaus ntawv plag tsev thiab screeds nyob rau hauv brickwork thiab lwm yam dag pob zeb. Kev npaj ntawm lub pob zeb ua nyob rau hauv txoj cai kev faib ua feem, tsis tsuas yog muab cov durability thiab lub zog ntawm cov lug, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tsis txhob ruaj khoom nqi.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ua vaj tse

Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj cov ntaub ntawv, lub pob zeb muaj peb yam:

• Phau ntawv.
• Muab tub lim.
• Dej.

Khoom noj ib 1 m3 qhob nyob rau lub thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Raws li cov phau ntawv siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm cements qhab nia M100-M600 zog. Thaum tov nrog dej, nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug khov loj uas yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm solidification ntawm khoom neeg tsim pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm muab tub lim xuab zeb yog siv los yog txawv hom ntawm gravel. Qhov no yuav tsub lub dag lub zog ntawm lub khov tshuaj, raws li saum toj no gravel zog MAAs zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, siv ntawm muab tub lim thiaj li shrinkage ntawm cov xis mas sib tov.

Dhau li lub ntsiab Cheebtsam, nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb ua muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj xws li ntau yam additives, muab ib cov tshuaj ntxiv zog: txias kuj, dej kuj, xim thiab li ntawd.

Cov kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ib 1m3 qhob - gravel, MAAs, xuab zeb - yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev kawm uas yuav tsum tau ntawm sib tov.

Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv ntawm qhob

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhob - nws compressive zog. Nyob ntawm seb nws tsim lub dag lub zog hauv chav kawm ntawv. Denoted English tsab ntawv "B" thiab numerals coj mus rau tus qauv nyob rau hauv MPa zog. Ua qhob chav kawm los ntawm V3,5 rau B80, nyob rau hauv civil engineering lub feem ntau siv cov kev daws B15 - B30. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kawm, yuav qhia lub dag lub zog ntawm lub hom yuav siv tau. Denoted Latin tsab ntawv "M" thiab tus naj npawb coj mus rau lub dag lub zog nyob rau hauv kg / cm sq. Cov chav kawm thiab hom es meej hais txog txhua lwm yam, e.g., M200 tshuaj raws li cov chav kawm ntawv B15 thiab M300 chav kawm ntawv V22,5.

Khoom noj ib 1 m3 qhob yuav txawv muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub xav tau hauv chav kawm ntawv los yog qib tov.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias lub sij qhob hoob kawm yog txiav txim siab xwb nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj ntawm 28 hnub. Yog li ntawd, yog tias tsim nyog los yog paub lub ua lub sib tov, nyob rau theem ntawm cov workpiece yuav tsum tau muab pov ob peb kuaj - ntsuas los yog thooj voos kheej kheej ntawm 100 hli nyob rau hauv qhov siab. Tau los mus txiav txim lub zog ntawm qhob no kuj instrumental txoj kev los sis rauj Kashkarova, tab sis cov no txoj kev yog tsawg yog.

Xaiv cov yuav tsum tau ua vaj tse hauv chav kawm ntawv

Cov uas yuav tsum tau qib ntawm qhob yuav tsum teev nyob rau hauv tus tsim cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv peb tes num kev tsim kho. Yog hais tias siv yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej, peb yuav tsum txhais tau cov hom mix, raws li nws yog ib tug twg zoo kawg thiab muaj feem xyuam rau lub dag lub zog thiab tus nqi ntawm lub tsev los yog cov qauv raug tsa.

Sij hawm ntawm feem ntau hom pob zeb ua yog muab hauv qab no.

• M100 - Siv rau kev footing ntaus installation parebrikov, me me architectural ntaub ntawv;
• M150 - siv nyob rau hauv lub ntaus ntawv kev txiav txhawb Certificate;
• M200 - rau erection ntawm phab ntsa, porches;
• M250 - raug monolithic bases, noj, foundation slabs, maj mam loaded slabs, cov kauj ruam, ceev phab ntsa ;
• M300 - rau tej loaded lug: phab ntsa, plag tsev, cov me nyuam yaus;
• M350 - kev coj tus kheej cov phab ntsa, txhua, slabs, beams, khoom me nyuam yaus.

tsis xuab zeb

Yuav kom npaj cov tshuaj siv cov xuab zeb ntawm ntau yam keeb kwm: chaw txua txiag zeb los yog dej. Qhov thib ob yog ntau preferable vim hais tias nws muaj ib tug loj granule loj thiab tsis muaj impurities. Qhov xuab zeb tej zaum yuav txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov particle loj tis. Dua li, siv xuab zeb nrog nruab nrab thiab loj loj granules. Txij li thaum lub chaw txua txiag zeb xuab zeb yuav tsum muaj li ntawm av nplaum los yog lwm yam impurities nws yog pom zoo kom tshau los ntawm.

Nws tseem ceeb heev them sai sai mus rau lub dej cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov xuab zeb. Nyob rau hauv no muaj pes tsawg tus yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau kho lub sib tov nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nyob rau hauv view ntawm dej cov ntsiab lus thiab cov particle loj muab faib rau cov tej ceev ntawm cov xuab zeb yuav sib txawv ntawm 1.3 rau 1.9 t / cu m, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog kev xam noj nqos tau cov ntaub ntawv rau ib 1 m3 ntawm qhob.

Xaiv cov rubble

Crushed pob zeb sib tov muaj raws ntawm vaj tse tsub kom lub dag lub zog thiab thiaj li nws shrinkage thaum lub sij hawm solidification. Thaum xaiv cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog gravel feem thiab nws keeb kwm.

Nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv siv gravel fractions:

• ntawm 5 mus rau 20 mm;
• los ntawm 20 mus rau 40 mm;
• los ntawm 40 mus 70 mm.

Nyob ntawm seb cov nqaij nyoos crushed pob zeb yog txwv kom muab zais rau hauv:

• Limestone, raws li nyob rau hauv sedimentary pob zeb.
• Ntawm ntxuav gravel khib nyiab.
• Granite ua los ntawm crushing granite-gneiss thiab granite pob zeb.

Superior kev kawm rau lub dag lub zog muaj granite rubble, yog li ntawd yog lub pob zeb ua yog npaj rau cov tseem ceeb heev lug - cov me nyuam yaus, txhua, ceilings, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus siv nws. Nws yog tsim nyog tsis txhob hnov qab uas rubble yog siv yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj impurities, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov av nplaum.

dej-MAAs piv

Thaum ua qhob thawj tus nqi yog tus piv ntawm MAAs thiab dej. Dej yog tsim nyog rau cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm MAAs co, ua rau lub tsim ntawm MAAs zeb. Qhov no piv crucially txiav txim hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm lub pob zeb ua mix. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hom tsementa.Chem qis dej-MAAs piv, lub zog lub pob zeb. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus piv yuav tsum tau rau cov co ntawm MAAs yog 0.2. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, kev siv ntawm qhob nrog dej mus Maas piv 0.3-0.5. Mixtures nrog cov dej-MAAs piv yog xyaum tsis siv.

Kev txiav txim ntawm qhob mix proportions

Raws li ib tug txoj cai, rau kev npaj ntawm cov xis mas ua vaj tse siv cov qhab nia M400 thiab M500. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, los mus txiav txim lub noj ntawm MAAs ib 1m3 ntawm qhob siv cov nram qab no cov lus.

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog rau tej yam kev mob ntawm kub thiab humidity, raws li zoo raws li MAAs, tus ciaj ciam ntawm uas sib haum mus rau cov neeg qhia ntawm lub hnab. Nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, yuav tsum tau muab tshaj MAAs yog 10-15%.

Ntxiv mus, raws li ib tug lub npe hu kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm MAAs xam rau cov ntaub ntawv uas noj 1m3 ua vaj tse, lub zoo kev faib ua feem ntawm MAAs rau cov xuab zeb thiab gravel yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj.

Piv txwv li, cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ib 1 m3 ntawm qhob M200 yog: MAAs hom M500 - 240 kg Xuab zeb - 576 kg, crushed pob zeb - 984 kg Dej - 120 liters.

Qhuav ntawm qhob

Thaum loj tagnrho ntawm qhob ua hauj lwm nws yog advisable mus yuav ib tug npaj txhij-mixed qhob nroj tsuag ntawm lub ze tshaj plaws tus me nyuam tov. Nyob rau hauv industrial qhuav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev noj cov nqi ib 1 m3 qhob cia sufficiently xav. Yog hais tias qhov no yog tsis tau, koj muaj peev xwm npaj qhov yuav tsum tau npaum li cas sib tov thiab tom tsev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntsuam xyuas lawv cov tuition - concreting cais qauv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug mus.

Ua ntej nws lub sib tov txiav txim cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ib 1m3 ntawm qhob. Lub xam ntawm cov nqi ndlwg yog tsis tas ua txaus siv rau hauv lub rooj hauv qab no.

Cov sib tov yog npaj nyob rau hauv ib tug qhob tov khoom coj npaum li cas, pw nws nyob rau hauv taub txua feem ntawm qhuav maas, xuab zeb thiab sieved schebonki. Dej yuav tsum tau ntxiv nyob rau hauv feem nyob rau hauv lub xeem tig.

additives

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab povntawv ntawm lub pob zeb ua additives yog ntxiv rau ntau lub hom phiaj:

• Modifiers. Lawv yog tsim los txhim kho lub dag lub zog thiab ua rau kom lub te kuj ua vaj tse.
• Plasticizers. Ua kom muaj thiab waterproofness sib tov.
• Regulators muaj. Yuav ntev qhov chaw lub sij hawm, kom muaj muaj nyob rau hauv thauj.
• Antimoroznye additives. Muab ib txwm tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj thaum uas tsis muaj kub sau mus rau Rho tawm 20 degrees.
• Accelerator. Kom cov kev ceev chaw los ntawm kev muab cov ceev tshaj plaws curing nyob rau hauv thawj hnub.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm additives, cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ib 1 m3 qhob yuav tsum tau txiav txim noj mus rau hauv tus account lub tswv yim pom zoo ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus. Kev ua txhaum ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev siv yuav muaj heev rau lub opposite nyhuv.