Kev siv ntawm ethylene. ethylene zog

Ethylene yog qhov nyuaj ntawm organic tebchaw hu ua alkenes. Qhov tsis muaj kob combustible roj, muaj ib tug Sweet saj thiab tsis hnov tsw. Ntuj qhov chaw xws li tej yam ntuj tso roj thiab roj, nws kuj yog ib tug natural tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, nyob qhov twg nws cheeb qhov uas cov kev loj hlob thiab yeej txhawb cov ripening ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Kev siv ntawm ethylene yog ib qho nyob rau hauv industrial organic Science News for KIDS. Nws yog manufactured los ntawm cua sov natural gas, ib tug melting point ntawm 169,4 ° C, boiling point - 103 9 ° C.

Ethylene: ntxwv nta thiab cov khoom

Hydrocarbons yog molecules muaj hydrogen thiab cov pa roj carbon. Lawv sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm ib thiab ob bonds thiab structural orientation ntawm txhua tivthaiv. Ib tug ntawm cov simplest, tab sis biologically thiab kev lag kev luam kev zoo hydrocarbon yog ethylene. Nws los nyob rau hauv ib tug gaseous daim ntawv no, nws yog tsis muaj kob thiab mas cov. Nws muaj ob tug ob sib raug zoo carbon atoms nrog hydrogen atoms. Cov tshuaj mis yog C ₂ H _4. Cov yam ntxwv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov molecule yog linear vim lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug muab ob npaug rau daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
Ethylene yog qab zib musky tsw, uas ua rau nws yooj yim kom paub tias cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Qhov no siv rau roj nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv: tsis hnov tsw tej zaum yuav ploj thaum tov nrog lwm cov tshuaj.

Scheme ethylene daim ntaub ntawv

Ethylene yog siv nyob rau hauv ob yooj yim no: lub monomer uas loj carbon chains yog ua lub tsev, thiab raws li ib tug raw khoom rau lwm ob-carbon tebchaw. Polymerization - rov qab ua dua no combining ib tug plurality ntawm ethylene me me molecules mus rau hauv loj. Qhov no txoj kev tshwm sim nyob rau pressures kub thiab txias. Daim ntaub ntawv ntau heev heev ethylene. Polyethylene - ib tug polymer, uas yog siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub loj zus tau tej cov ntim films, hlau coatings, thiab yas hwj. Lwm siv ethylene li monomer kev txhawj xeeb hauv lub tsim ntawm linear α-olefins. Ethylene yog lub pib cov ntaub ntawv uas rau qhov kev npaj ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm ob-carbon tebchaw xws li ethanol (industrial cawv), ethylene oxide (dej ntsuab, polyester fibers thiab films) ntawm acetaldehyde thiab yas chloride. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov tebchaw, ethylene thiab benzene daim ntawv ethylbenzene, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm yas thiab cov khoom cua roj hmab. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nyob rau hauv lo lus nug yog ib tug ntawm cov nyuaj hydrocarbons. Txawm li cas los, ethylene zog ua rau nws kev lag kev luam thiab biologically tseem ceeb.

coj mus muag siv

ethylene zog muab ib tug zoo paus rau ib tug coj mus muag loj kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov organic (carbon thiab hydrogen muaj) cov ntaub ntawv uas. Tib ethylene molecules yuav raug los koom ua ke los mus tsim polyethylene (uas txhais tau tias ib tug ntau ntawm molecules ntawm ethylene). Polyethylene siv los mus ua yas. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav siv tau rau qhov siv thiab ua detergents, thiab hluavtaws lubricants, uas yog tshuaj uas yog siv los txo kev sib txhuam. Kev siv ntawm ethylene rau styrenes tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm roj hmab thiab kev tiv thaiv ntim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub khau kev lag luam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev ua si nkawm khau, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm tsheb log tsheb. Kev siv ntawm ethylene yog muag ib qho tseem ceeb, thiab cov roj nws tus kheej yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ua hydrocarbons thooj plawv.

muaj teeb meem

Ethylene yog ib tug noj qab haus huv kev ruaj nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw vim hais tias nws yog ib co flammable thiab heev. Nws kuj ua raws li ib tug yeeb tshuaj thaum uas tsis muaj ntau, yuav ua xeev siab, kiv taub hau, mob taub hau thiab tsis sib haum ntawm taw. Thaum ntau dua, nws ua raws li ib tug ua kom loog, ua hnovqab, insensitivity rau mob thiab lwm yam stimuli. Tag nrho cov kev tsis zoo yuav ua tau ib tug ua kev txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas ua hauj lwm ncaj nraim nrog roj. Tus nqi ntawm cov ethylene, uas feem ntau cov neeg muaj txojkev nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej txhua hnub, feem ntau yog tus me.

cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ethylene

1) oxidation. Qhov no tsis tas li ntawd ntawm oxygen, e.g., nyob rau hauv lub oxidation ntawm ethylene rau ethylene oxide. Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm ethylene glycol (1,2-ethanediol), uas yog siv raws li ib tug dej ntsuab thiab nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua polyesters los ntawm hws polymerization.

2) Halogenation - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ethylene fluorine, tshuaj chlorine ua, bromine, iodine.

3) Lub chlorination ntawm ethylene tsim 1,2-dichloroethane thiab lub tom ntej hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm 1,2-dichloroethane nyob rau hauv lub yas chloride monomer. 1,2-dichloroethane yog ib tug pab tau organic hnyav, thiab yog ib tug tseem ceeb precursor nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov yas chloride.
4) Alkylation ntawm - ntxiv hydrocarbons rau lub ob daim ntawv cog lus, piv txwv li, lub synthesis ntawm ethylbenzene los ntawm ethylene thiab benzene, ua raws li los ntawm hloov dua siab tshiab rau styrene. Ethylbenzene yog ib nrab rau zus tau tej cov styrene, yog ib lub feem ntau lug siv yas monomers. Styrene - monomer siv rau zus tau tej cov polystyrene.

5) Lub combustion ntawm ethylene. Cov pa roj los ntawm cua sov ethyl cawv thiab concentrated sulfuric acid.

6) Co - cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov dej mus rau lub ob daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj muaj daim ntawv thov ntawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm ethylene rau ethanol.

Ethylene thiab combustion

Ethylene - ib tug roj uas tsis muaj xim, uas yog tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej. Combustion ntawm ethylene nyob rau hauv cov huab cua nrog lub tsim ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv gas kub yus teeb diffusion nplaim taws. Tov nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm cov huab cua, nws muab cov nplaim taws, uas muaj peb cais khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg - lub puab tub ntxhais - lub unburned roj, xiav-ntsuab txheej thiab cov txheej lub khob hliav qab, nyob rau lub cov oxidized khoom ntawm lub pre-mixed txheej hlawv nyob rau hauv ib tug diffusion nplaim taws. Cov resultant nplaim taws qhia tau hais tias ib tug complex series kev tshua, thiab yog hais tias lub roj sib tov yog ntxiv huab cua ntau diffusion txheej maj disappears.

pab tseeb

1) Ethylene yog ib tug natural tsob nroj lawm, nws muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob, maturation thiab laus ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

2) Gas yog tsis muaj teeb meem thiab tsis lom rau tib neeg ntawm ib yam concentration (100-150 mg).

3) Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj raws li ib tug analgesic.

4) ethylene txiav txim slows cia nyob rau hauv qis kub.

5) Ib tug yam ntxwv feature yog zoo allergic los ntawm feem ntau yam, piv txwv li los ntawm cov duab los qhia cov thawv, ntoo thiab txawm qhob phab ntsa.

6) Thaum nws yog invaluable rau nws muaj peev xwm pib cov txheej txheem ntawm maturation, nws kuj yuav ua mob heev rau ntau txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, paj thiab nroj tsuag, speeding li cov laus txheej txheem thiab txo qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom thiab nws lub txee lub neej. Lub degree ntawm kev puas tsuaj nyob rau concentration, ntev ntawm raug thiab kub.

7) Ethylene heev nyob rau high school ntau.

8) Ethylene yog siv nyob rau hauv lub khob lag luam rau tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj rau lub automotive kev lag luam.

9) Qhuav hlau lug: pa roj yog siv raws li cov pa roj gas rau hlau txiav, welding, thiab high-tshaj tawm thermal Txau.

10) Roj: ethylene yog siv raws li lub refrigerant, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm liquefied nkev.

11) Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, ethylene yog ib co reactive yeeb tshuaj, tas, nws tseem yog heev flammable. Muaj kev nyab xeeb yog vim li cas, nws yog feem ntau thauj los ntawm tshwj xeeb cais pipeline.

12) Ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov khoom manufactured ncaj qha los ntawm ethylene yog yas.