Kev sib piv ntawm lub submarine fleet ntawm Russia thiab US: uas nws yog tus muaj zog?

Ntawm America thiab Russia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm yog ib tug nriaj nyob rau hauv txhua spheres ntawm kev ua si. Tus caj npab haiv neeg yog ib qhov luag lub teb chaws kev sib tw. Tsis thawj coj los mus nrhiav thiab ua tsis tau tejyam ntau lub xyoo. Superiority nyob hauv qhov kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam sector yog lossi tsiv los ntawm ib lub xeev mus rau lwm lub. Nyob rau hauv xws tej lag luam raws li submarine fleet, tam sim no nyob hauv thawj qhov chaw hauv lub tebchaws United States.

Txawm li cas los, vim hais tias tej yam uas twb tsis yeej ib txwm hais tias nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm lub xibtes muaj domestic tsim kom muaj. Tsaug rau ib tug haib puag, tsim los ntawm Soviet designers, txawm nyob rau hauv no theem nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab fleet muaj exceptional zaus, uas tsis muaj kev analogues nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Yog li ntawd tom qab tag nrho cov, nws submarine fleet yog muaj zog - Russia los yog Teb Chaws Asmeskas? Leej twg yog tus khiav hauv cov haiv neeg - ib tug Lavxias teb sab los yog American exclusivity ib yam me me.

Tus thawj kev kee ntawm submarine

Piv, uas nws submarine fleet yog muaj zog (Russia los yog lub teb chaws USA), pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua. Ces qhov kev kawm ntawm cov lus tsis txaus siab yog thawj submarine rau cov tub rog lub hom phiaj. Ntev yuav tsis txiav txim siab uas yuav los ua tus thawj heev tsim tawm ntawm xws li ib tug ntaus ntawv.

Designers thiab testers thawj underwater txog ntsha Khaulenias yog Drebbel. Qhov no yog ib tug physicist thiab engineer los ntawm Holland. Soj ntsuam nws txoj kev loj hlob nws siv nyob rau hauv cov dej Thames. Lub nkoj qab thus yog ib lub nkoj. Nws tej tawv nqaij yog ib daim tawv nqaij soaked nrog roj. Management thiab zog nqa tawm vim yog lub oars. Lawv yog ib tug luv luv deb nyob rau hauv lub underwater qhov chaw. Cov neeg coob yuav muaj xws li peb khiav dej num thiab kaum ob oarsmen. Raws li ntaub ntawv keeb kwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas nws tau mus kawm Korol Yakov I. Specifications ua nkoj yuav tsum tau tso cai rau nws nyob rau hauv lub underwater cheeb tsam rau ob peb teev. Cov kev txwv ntawm qhov tob ntawm immersion yog sib npaug zos rau tsib meters.

Tab sis kev loj hlob ntxiv raug ncua los ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm Drebbel. Nws successor thiab continuer ntawm lub tswv yim yog lwm tus paub txog los ntawm Fabkis uas tau sau ib cov tswv yim qhia rau lub tsev ib submarine hlab ntsha. Raws li nws tus tswv yim, lub nkoj yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov hlau (dua li tooj liab), nws yuav tsum zoo li hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntses, txawm li cas los, cov npoo yuav tsum ntse. Yuav kom txhim kho no unit nyob rau hauv ib tug seem dav hlau yog tsis tsim nyog.

Kev loj hlob ntawm rival lub teb chaws

Piv Lavxias teb sab submarine thiab US Navy pib nrog rau cov thawj pab kiag li lawm. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv tau ua nrog ib tug sib txawv ntawm ib nrab xyoo. Nws muab txoj cai rau hais tias thaum pib ntawm submarine keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ob lub teb chaws hais txog tib yam.

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet yog lom zem ntau vim nws compatriot Efim Nikonov, los ntawm uas lub nkoj thiab pib txoj kev loj hlob ntawm technologies thiab cov hau kev rau qhov kev siv ntawm submarines. Nws yog ib tug yooj yim ntoo los ntawm ib lub zos nyob ze Moscow Pokrovskoye. Nws xav kom paub nws tsim rau lub neej thiab xa ib daim ntawv thov rau Peter kuv, nyob rau hauv uas lub tswv yim peb tes num ntawm lub submarine. Lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug tsis pub leejtwg paub txog ntsha, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom puas rau tus yeeb ncuab ships uas heev attracted tus huab tais. Nyob rau nws txiav txim, Nikonov yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab pib tsim lub ntaus ntawv. Peb tes num tau coj mus rau lub neej rau peb lub xyoos. Nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub kuv tau mus kawm tej los ntawm Peter I. Nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm, modifying thiab kev txhim kho peb tes num, ib tug txawj ntse kws ntoo nruj heev heev rau lub nkoj gunpowder flamethrowers. Tus huab tais, pom xws kev vam meej, npaj siab los pib tsim kho ntawm lub tib lub loj txog ntsha configuration. Tab sis lub zeem muag ntawm qhov no yeej pom xwb Peter kuv thiab tom qab nws tuag rau hauv lub loj hlob ntawm underwater qhov chaw ceased. Tsis txhob ua kom tiav lwj nkoj nyob rau hauv lub tso.

Kev txhim kho dab nyob rau hauv ntau lawm

Kev sib piv ntawm underwater fleet ntawm Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States yog tsis yooj yim sua yam uas tsis tau hais txog lub achievements ntawm zaum thiab engineers, uas ua lub hauv paus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov niaj hnub ua lag ua luam. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm hauv peb tes num twb launched nyob rau hauv lub peb caug-plaub xyoo ntawm tus puas tawm xyoo dhau. Peb tes num saib xyuas yog K. A. Shilder, uas yog ib tug tub rog engineer los ntawm txoj kev kawm.

Tus tsim ntawm cov hlab muaj xws li tshwj xeeb strokes, nrog rau cov kev pab uas lub zog ntawm lub tshuab nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nrog lawv tsim tau npaum li cas lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm bionics, uas yog los tsim cov kev cov khoom tau npaum li cas mus rau hauv tus account lub cai ntawm qhov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub engineer kos mloog mus rau cov qauv ntawm cov uab lag taw. Xws li raug muab tso nyob rau hauv officers ntawm ob sab ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khiav cov "ko taw", nws yog tsim nyog los ua ib qho kev rau siab sailors-oarsmen. Nws yog heev seeb, vim hais tias cov ceev yog tsis heev impressive nyob rau zoo kawg dag zog ntawm cov neeg coob. Nws yuav loj hlob mus rau ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm ib nrab ib tug kilometer ib teev. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho cov txheej txheem thiab ua rau nws zoo dua thiab npaum ntawm ib tug txo nqi, peb tes num saib xyuas tau los siv hluav taws xob pab kiag li lawm. Tab sis txoj kev loj hlob ntawm qhov kev lag luam twb mus leaps thiab ciam teb, thiab nws xav cheeb qhov uas cov kev taw qhia txog tswv yim tshiab.

Lub nkoj yog ib tug tub rog-style. Rau nws caj npab tau pav tua ya foob pob ua ntxaij launchers. Heev heev teeb meem tau undermined lub tswv yim no, thiab lub Modernization ntawm lub nkoj nres.

Kev siv cov cav nyob rau hauv lub submarine fleet

Cov theem tom ntej nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub submarine fleet yog cov kev taw qhia mus rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ships xyaw. Tus thawj yuav ua rau qhov kev txiav txim tuaj inventor I. F. Aleksandrovsky. Yuav kom siv nws lub tswv yim, nws tau xaiv lub cav uas sau rau compressed cua. Lub inventor tau pom tau hais nws lub tswv yim rau hauv xyaum. lub nkoj twb ua raws li nws tsim. Tab sis lub project nws tus kheej tsis yog tshwj xeeb kev vam meej, vim hais tias tsim yog tseem txom nyem. Cav ceev tso cai rau ib tug ib nrab pob caus ua luam dej xwb peb mais deb.

Progress nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm lub tswv yim mus txog cia li lwm Lavxias teb sab inventor S. K. Dzhevetsky. Kev sib piv ntawm lub submarine fleet ntawm Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States muab ib tug cai hais tias nyob rau ntawm no theem ntawm Lavxias teb sab inventors tau ua ib tug kov, vim hais tias Drzewiecki nyob rau nws lub nkoj cav hais tias lub ntsiab ua lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub roj teeb. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, lub ntiaj teb no twb tsis tau cim rau xws li ib tug txog ntsha, uas yuav tsiv mus nyob los ntawm hluav taws xob. Thaum zoo li no unit yuav ncav cuag ib ceev ntawm plaub cov pob caus ntawd.

"Zip" lub nkoj yog tsim los ntawm tib lub inventor. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog cov kev sib piv ntawm lub submarine fleet ntawm Russia thiab lub tebchaws United States ib zaug dua muab cov hmoov txhuas Lavxias teb sab (xws nkoj nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog tsis tau), nws yog ib tug engine. Lub tsuas drawback ntawm tus dais no yog ib tug kab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov npuas, uas nws yoojyim qab. Qhov no vim yog ntawm qhov uas tsis muaj theem ntawm masking nws yuav siv tsis tau rau cov tub rog lub hom phiaj.

Thaum lub lag luam yog muaj kev koom yuav txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev siv ntawm lub zog sib. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm xws schemes thiab tej ntsiab cai yog tsim, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm cov tej nkoj nquam mus txog rau thaum tam sim no. Kev loj hlob nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caj npab sector. Drzewiecki tau tsim torpedo hlab, uas twb armed submarine fleet ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm. Tab sis backwardness industries xws li hluav taws xob engineering thiab lub cev muaj zog ua lag luam, yog tsis tau tso cai los ua ib tug tag nrho-fledged warship.

Submarine "Ntses taub ntswg ntev"

Piv Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet thiab lub tebchaws United States yuav ua tau precisely rau no unit. Lub nkoj ua tau nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov los ntawm lub Bubnov thiab Goryunov Baltic shipyard nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Cov propulsion system muaj ob qhov chaw. Tus thawj yog lub cav uas sau rau roj av, thiab lub thib ob - ib tug hluav taws xob motor. Txoj kev loj hlob yog li ntawd haib thiab tshiab, hais tias cov kev yam ntxwv superior rau lub American tshuab "Fulton".

Los ntawm no taw tes rau, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet mus ceev heev. Npaj los ntawm uas tsim nyog cov neeg ua. Los ntawm peb tes num kev loj hlob, kev ua lag luam tau los ua ib tug zoo ntawm txhim khu kev qha lub teb chaws ntawm kev sib ntaus los pab tub rog. Tsoom fwv siab txhawb no sector. Thiab tom qab cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb uas qhia tias rau submarine tub ceev xwm muaj siab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov rog nce raws li lub Scope ntawm txoj cai raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Niaj hnub nimno Lavxias teb sab Navy

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd tus Navy ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj tsib kev sib cais. Txhua yam ntawm lawv tseem muaj li ntawm nto thiab submarine rog. Qhia cov nram qab no Cheebtsam ntawm cov tub rog units:

1. Baltic Fleet. Lub ntsiab paus ntawm no tivthaiv yog nyob rau hauv lub Baltic. Lub flagship yog lub destroyer "Pheej". Submarine rog Baltic yog yus muaj los ntawm peb diesel submarines. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov kev sib piv ntawm Russia thiab US submarine fleet (2016) qhia hais tias qhov no hom ntawm apparatus tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab chaw uas zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States los ntawm zus tau tej cov hom ntawm cov hlab ntsha tau ntev tau tso tseg.
2. Northern Fleet. Lub ntsiab paus ntawm no tivthaiv yog nyob rau hauv Severomorsk. Nws yog ib lub flagship hnyav nuclear missile cruiser "Petr Veliky". Lavxias teb sab qaum teb Fleet submarine nta ib tug loj ntau yam ntawm txhais tau tias. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm no division yog peb hnyav missile submarine cruisers thiab yim ballistic missile submarine. Submarines sab qaum teb Russia fleet qauv nyob nrog cruise cuaj luaj (3 units), multipurpose atomic (12 units), diesel (8 units), tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj (2 chav nyob).
3. Dub hiav txwv Fleet. Lub ntsiab paus ntawm no tivthaiv yog nyob rau hauv Sevastopol. Nws yog ib lub flagship missile cruiser "Moskva". Underwater tivthaiv yog sawv cev los ntawm ob diesel submarines.
4. Pacific Fleet. Lub ntsiab paus ntawm no tivthaiv yog nyob rau hauv Vladivostok. Nws yog ib lub flagship missile cruiser "Varyag". Submarine rog muaj nyob rau hauv qhov nqi koj tshuav 5 missile submarine cruisers, 6 nuclear submarines nrog cruise missiles, 7 multi-purpose nuclear submarines thiab 8 diesel qauv.
5. Caspian Flotilla. Lub ntsiab paus ntawm no tivthaiv yog nyob rau hauv Astrakhan. Lub flagship yog lub saib xyuas lub nkoj "Tatarstan". Qhov no unit tsis muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg submarine rog.

Multi-hom phiaj tsheb

Piv Russia thiab US submarine fleet (2016, ib yam li lwm xyoo, tsis tau coj tseem ceeb breakthroughs nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no) tso cai rau ib tug tag nrho rau kev ntsuam xyuas lub peev xwm ntawm naval rog. Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsheb, sawv nyob rau kev khoom ntawm cov tub rog ntawm tej haib maritime hwj chim - nws yog ib lub nkoj, ntsib qhov teeb meem daws tactical xwm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ships - yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nto lub hom phaj thiab inflicting swb rau qhov chaw ntawm lub coastline. Raws li cov riam phom siv cruise missiles thiab torpedoes. Nyob ntawm seb lub hom riam phom submarines yog:

• nrog cruise cuaj luaj;
• nrog torpedoes;
• nrog cruise missiles thiab torpedoes.

US Navy Submarine Force muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm submarines yog tactical xwm. Nws tsom rau tej hlab tag nrho cov tub rog tswvyim ntawm America. Yog hais tias koj noj ib tug txawv kev faib tswvyim, xws li zoo, ces yuav muaj tsis tau paub qhov txawv ib tug ntshiab thawj coj. Qhov no yog vim lub high kev peev xwm ntawm ob lub teb chaws.

Tej nkoj nquam ua hauj lwm-tactical US

Yuav ua li cas txaus ntshai lub US Navy submarine, yog li no yog hom submarines. Nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm lub US Navy yog tsib caug cuaj qauv ntawm no hom. Feem ntau ntawm lawv (uas yog peb caug cuaj ships) tau qhia rau qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawv yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub xya caum-thib rau lub xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Lawv lub npe hu ua "Los Angeles" thiab mus rau lub thib peb tiam. Raws li lub hom riam phom lawv yuav mus rau ib tug tov hom. Lawv muaj xws li anti-nkoj cuaj luaj "hmuv vos" thiab torpedoes. Nws yog npaj los maj mam thim cov hlab los ntawm kev thiab hloov lawv nrog newer qauv. Nws yog npaj mus nqa tawm ib tug Modernization ntawm lub thirties.

Koj thawj koom ruam nyob rau lub plaub tiam ntawm tej nkoj nquam. Hais tias lawv yuav mus hloov lub "Los Angeles". Cov no muaj xws qauv xws li cov "Virginia" thiab "Hiav txwv hma". Cov yav tas yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub nineties. Nws siv yog tsim nyog plaub thiab ib tug ib nrab billion dollars. Tab sis tus nqi yog tsis txhaum los ntawm cov kev tsis. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug haib complex ntawm cruise missiles thiab torpedoes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug feature ntawm ib tug tsawg theem ntawm cov suab nrov tawm txim liab. Nrog rau kev tso tawm ntawm txhua cov qauv nkoj yuav zoo meej. Txawm li cas los, muab piv rau cov Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet thiab lub US (2017) muab cai rau hais tias lub domestic "Tshauv" yog tsis inferior mus "Hiav txwv hma" thawj series.

US kom zoo dua

US thiab Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet rau 2016 yog tsis tsuas ib tug ntau muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis kuj cov cim ntawm cov qauv no. American submarine "Virginia" tau tsim ntau tom qab tshaj tus "Hiav txwv hma". Tab sis, dua li no, cov kev yam ntxwv ntawm lub "Seawolf" ntau npaum li cas ua ntej ntawm nws follower. Yog hais tias peb los sib piv cov ob American qauv nrog ib tug domestic "Tshauv", nws yog ib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Nta thiab zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab submarine yog qhov zoo tshaj ntawm riam phom. "Movement" nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm zoo yog npaum li cas zoo dua li tus American "Tomahawk" cruise cuaj luaj.

Cov Lavxias teb sab qauv xwb "Severodvinsk" yog nyob rau theem ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws American tej nkoj nquam. Tab sis nws tsuas yog ib, tab sis twb xub pom txoj kev tsim kho ntawm peb tej yaam num. Tab sis los ntawm lub sij hawm thaum lawv yuav tsum tau ua, America yuav nkag mus rau ib tug tshiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob.

diesel qauv

Lavxias teb sab submarine fleet (yees duab hauv qab no) hais ib tug haib txheej diesel qauv. Qhov no txawv los ntawm lub US domestic sector. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem ntawm no hom ntawm tej nkoj nquam uas txawm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Russia, xws li ib tug submarine tsis yog tsuas yog tsis mus thim ntawm lub nyiaj tshuav daim ntawv, tab sis muaj ntxiv mus koom tsim thiab kho. Feem ntau ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm no hom yog ib tug upgraded qauv ntawm lub "Warszawianka". Nyob rau hauv nws ib yam me me lawv yog ua tsis tau zoo rau nuclear submarines, tab sis nyob rau caj npab - tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov.

pib ntawm lub diesel "Kalina" yog los nkoj nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Nws txawv yog lub cav uas sau tsis muaj oxygen. Xws li ib tug qauv yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv lub underwater qhov chaw rau hais txog ib lub hlis, thiab nws yuav tsis tau mus raus.

Yog li ntawd, lub US Navy yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ncov ntawm kev loj hlob. Navy Russia kuj lags qab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm zoo, txawm hais tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv active kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm rau ob peb fronts. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsis paub dab tsi zoo ntawm kev loj hlob yuav tsum yog tus zoo tshaj plaws.