Keeb kwm thiab cov hauj lwm ntawm lub Eyjafjallajökull roob hluav taws

Los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial, volcanoes yog ntshai ntawm thiab attracted rau tus neeg nws tus kheej. lawv yuav pw rau centuries. Ib qho piv txwv yog tus tsis ntev los no keeb kwm ntawm lub Eyjafjallajökull roob hluav taws. Cov neeg cultivated teb nyob rau qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm qhov hluav taws kub roob, nce lub peaks, ua vaj tse. Tab sis ua ntej los yog tom qab qhov hluav taws kub-ua pa roob tsim thaum, nws yuav coj kev puam tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj.

Nws yog ib lub thib coob glacier nyob rau hauv Iceland, nyob rau sab qab teb 125 km rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Reykjavik. Hauv qab thiab nyob ib sab glacier cov hides Myurdalsyokudl roob hluav taws muaj ib tug conical zoo.

Lub qhov siab ntawm cov peaks Glacier 1666 meters, nws loj - txog 100 square kilometers. Volcanic kev ua qab yias nce mus txog ib lub cheeb ntawm 4 km. Tsib xyoos dhau los, nws slopes them nrog glaciers. Cov nyob ze lub zos - lub zos skógar nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub glacier. Ntawm no originates tus dej Skougau, tus naas ej dej tsaws tsag skógafoss.

Lub Icelandic roob hluav taws Eyjafjallajökull - lub keeb kwm ntawm lub npe

Roob hluav taws Lub npe los ntawm peb Icelandic lus uas txhais Island glacier thiab lub roob. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas nws yog li ntawd tsis yooj yim rau hais thiab tsis zoo khaws cia. Raws li linguists hais tias, tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb inhabitants yuav hais tias nws yog raug - lub roob hluav taws Eyjafjallajökull. Txhais los ntawm cov Icelandic lo lus rau lo lus suab zoo li "kob roob glacier."

Roob hluav taws tsis muaj npe

Raws li xws li, cov kab lus "lub roob hluav taws Eyjafjallajökull" nkag mus hauv lub lexicon ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv 2010. Nws yog funny, thaum koj xav txog hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb qhov hluav taws kub-ua pa roob ntawm lub tib lub npe tsis muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Nyob rau hauv Iceland, ib tug ntau ntawm glaciers thiab volcanoes. Xeem muaj nyob rau cov kob hais txog peb caug. Thaum 125 km ntawm Reykjavik, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Iceland, nws yog ib tug ncaj loj glacier. Nws yog nws leej twg muab nws lub npe nrog lub roob hluav Eyjafjallajökull.

Nws yog nyob hauv qab roob hluav taws, uas rau ntau centuries tsis tau tuaj mus nrog lub npe. Nws yog nameless. Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 2010, nws alarmed tag nrho ntawm cov teb chaws Europe tej lub sij hawm los ua ib tug ntiaj teb no newsmaker. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus hu nws nameless roob hluav taws, rau hauv xov xwm twb nug mus rau npe rau nws lub npe glacier - Eyjafjallajokull. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li tsis mus xav yuam kev peb cov txawj nyeem ntawv, peb yuav xa mus rau nws raws li zoo.

piav qhia

Icelandic roob hluav taws Eyyafyatlayokudl stratovolcano yog raug. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, nws yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg lub khob hliav qab curable sib tov ntawm lava, tshauv, pob zeb thiab lwm yam

Iceland lub Eyjafjallajokull roob hluav taws yog yam kom nquag plias 700 000 xyoo, tab sis txij li thaum 1823 nws ntaus nqi mus rau hauv qeb tsaug zog. Nws hais tias txij li thaum pib ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua eruptions nws twb tsis tau tsau. Kev ua kev txhawj xeeb mus zaum lub xeev Eyjafjallajokull roob hluav taws yog tsis tauj. Lawv nrhiav tau tias nws tau thiaj tawg ob peb lub sij hawm tshaj yav dhau los xyoo txhiab. Txawm li cas los, cov ces ntawm kev ua si yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau lub siab - lawv muaj tsis muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia, cov xeem uas tsis txawv los ntawm loj emissions ntawm volcanic tshauv, lava thiab kub roj cua.

Irish Eyjafjallajokull roob hluav taws - zaj dab neeg ntawm ib tug uas

Raws li twb tau hais, tom qab lub tawg ntawm lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1823 pom tau hais tias pw tsaug zog. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 2009, nws tau nce seismic yam kev ua si. Kom txog rau thaum lub peb hlis ntuj 2010 muaj tau hais txog kev ib txhiab aftershocks quab yuam nyob rau hauv 1-2 ntsiab lus. Qhov no excitement tshwm sim ntawm ib tug tob ntawm txog 10 km.

Nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 2010, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub meteorological lub koom haum ntawm Iceland rau kev pab los ntawm GPS-ntsuam kaw nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub glacier xaav ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab rau 3 cm nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj. Kev ua txuas ntxiv mus rau loj hlob thiab mus txog rau nws ncov nyob rau hauv 3 - 5 Lub peb hlis ntuj. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws kaw peb txhiab tshee ib hnub twg.

Nyob rau hauv anticipation ntawm qhov uas

Los ntawm cov kev txaus ntshai tsam ib ncig ntawm lub roob hluav taws cov tub ceev xwm txiav txim siab los khiav tawm 500 cov neeg hauv zos, ntshai ntawm dej nyab hauv cheeb tsam, uas yuav ua rau khaus melting ntawm glaciers, yuav tsum vov Iceland lub Eyjafjallajokull roob hluav taws. Raws li ib tug yuam, peb kaw lub thoob ntiaj teb lub tshav dav hlau Keflavik.

Nyob rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 19 tshee tau tsiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub sab qaum teb kev ua qab yias. Lawv tapped ntawm ib tug tob ntawm 4 - 7 km. Kev ua maj kis ntxiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj, thiab tshee pib tshwm sim los ze zog mus rau qhov chaw.

Thaum 23:00 on Plaub Hlis Ntuj 13 zaum Iceland seismic yam kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub roob hluav taws tau lawm tsau, rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub ob kab nrib pleb. Ib teev tom qab ntawd, nws pib ib tug tshiab uas nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub hauv paus caldera. Ib tug pillar ntawm kub tshauv sawv mus rau 8 km.

Kuv muaj lwm keej ntev tshaj 2 kilometers. Glacier pib koom rau yaj, thiab cov dej ntws ob sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb rau populated cheeb tsam. Ceev 700 cov neeg raug evacuated. Thaum lub sij hawm lub hnub qhuav dej nyab lub tsheb khiav, muaj thawj puas lawm. Nyob rau hauv yav qab teb Iceland lub volcanic tshauv deposits tau raug kaw.

By Plaub Hlis Ntuj 16 ib kem ntawm cov tshauv mus txog 13 kis lus mev. Qhov no alarmed zaum. Thaum cov ntoo tshauv yog tsa mus rau ib tug qhov siab ntawm ntau tshaj 11 kilometers saum toj no hiav txwv theem, nws penetrates mus rau hauv lub stratosphere thiab yuav kis tshaj ntev ncua kev. Cov kis ntawm tshauv rau sab hnub tuaj pab muaj zog anticyclone tshaj lub sab qaum teb Atlantic.

Qhov kawg uas

Nws yog peb hlis ntuj 20, 2010. Hnub ntawd pib lub xeem tawg ntawm lub roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv Iceland. Eyjafjallajokull thaum kawg sawv ntawm 23:30 GMT. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub glacier tsim lub rift, qhov ntev ntawm uas yog hais txog 500 meters.

Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws twb tsis sau tseg loj tshauv emissions. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 14 uas intensified. Nws yog ces, thiab muaj hwj chim loj emission ntawm lossis loj nyiaj ntawm volcanic tshauv. Nyob rau hauv no kev twb kev txuas nws yog kaw airspace tshaj ib feem ntawm cov teb chaws Europe kom txog thaum 20 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 2010. Nyob limited flights nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 2010. Kws txawj kwv yees qhov kev siv ntawm qhov uas rau lub VEI scale ntawm 4 cov ntsiab lus.

txaus ntshai tshauv

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi extraordinary tsis yog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov roob hluav taws Eyjafjallajökull. Tom qab seismic yam kev ua si, uas ntawd kub ntev li ob peb lub hlis, nyob rau hauv lub glacier cheeb tsam nyob rau hmo ntuj ntawm 20 rau Lub peb hlis ntuj 21, nws pib haum nyob ntsiag to uas. Qhov no twb tsis txawm hais nyob rau hauv xovxwm. Txhua yam kev hloov xwb nyob rau hauv lub hmo ntuj los 13 mus rau 14 Plaub Hlis Ntuj, thaum lub uas twb nrog los ntawm qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lossis loj npaum li ntawm volcanic tshauv, thiab nws kem hu ib tug zoo siab.

Lub cev qhuav dej yog tshwm sim los los ntawm huab cua thauj?

Nws yog ib nqi hais tias txij li thaum peb hlis ntuj 20, 2010 tshaj lub qub ntiaj teb huab cua thauj looming cev qhuav dej. Nws twb txuam nrog rau volcanic huab uas tau tsim dheev paub lub roob hluav taws Eyjafjallajökull. Qhov uas nws tau dag lub zog mus yuav ntsiag to ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, lub roob yog tsis paub, tab sis maj mam ib tug lossis loj huab ntawm tshauv, uas pib tsim nyob rau hnub tim 14, tau them cov teb chaws Europe.

Tom qab lub kaw ntawm airspace tau tuag tes tuag taw ntau tshaj peb puas tshav dav hlau thoob plaws teb chaws Europe. Muaj ntau alarms tauj volcanic tshauv thiab Lavxias teb sab kws txawj. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, tau raug tuav los yog kiag li tso tseg pua pua ntawm cov flights. Txhiab tus neeg, nrog rau cov Russians, qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau txhim kho nyob rau hauv lub tshav dav hlau tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no.

Ib tug huab ntawm volcanic tshauv nyiam mus ua si nrog cov neeg, txhua hnub hloov cov kev taw qhia thiab kiag li tsis "mloog" tus kws txawj, mos xav ua kom tau cov neeg uas lub uas yuav tsis kav ntev.

Geophysics meteorological Iceland nyob rau hnub tim 18, hais tias "RIA Novosti", hais tias lawv tsis muaj peev xwm mus twv seb lub caij ntawm qhov uas. Tib neeg yog braced rau ib lub caij nyoog "sib ntaus" rau lub roob hluav taws thiab pib ntawm suav tseem ceeb losses.

Oddly txaus, tab sis lub awakening ntawm lub Eyjafjallajökull roob hluav taws nyob rau hauv Iceland rau nws tus kheej tsis muaj kev loj txim, tsuas yog tej zaum rau lub khiav tawm thiab ib ntus kaw ntawm lub tshav dav hlau.

Rau continental Europe ib tug lossis loj kem ntawm volcanic tshauv los ua ib tug kev puas tsuaj, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv lub thauj nam. Qhov no tshwm sim vim lub fact tias volcanic tshauv muaj lub cev thaj chaw uas yog cov tsis tshua txaus ntshai rau aviation. Thaum txhaj mus rau hauv lub turbine ntawm lub aircraft nws yog muaj peev xwm cheem lub engine, uas yuav undoubtedly ua rau ib tug txaus ntshai teeb meem.

Kev pheej hmoo rau aviation ntawm lub sij hawm tsub kom vim loj ntau ntawm volcanic tshauv nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, uas ho thiaj li visibility. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai thaum lub sij hawm mus kom ze. Volcanic tshauv yuav ua rau malfunction ntawm lub on-board electronics thiab xov tooj cua cov khoom uas muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov sib ntaus nyob lom zem ntau.

losses

Cov kev tawg ntawm lub roob hluav taws Eyjafjallajokull tau coj losses rau European neeg mus ncig tebchaws tuam txhab uas muag. Lawv hais tias lawv poob tau zoo tshaj $ 2.3 billion, thiab puas hnub hits rau lub hnab tshos, nws yog kwv yees li $ 400 lab

Poob tau kwv yees li airlines officially npaum li cas los $ 1.7 billion. Lub awakening ntawm fiery roob cuam tshuam 29% ntawm lub ntiaj teb aviation. Txhua txhua hnub rau khoo uas ua ntau tshaj li ib lab neeg caij tsheb.

Nws raug kev txom nyem thiab Lavxias teb sab "Aeroflot". Thaum lub sij hawm kaw ntawm nyiaj siv ua haujlwm kab plaws teb chaws Europe lub tuam txhab tsis tau complied nrog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm 362 davhlau. Poob ntawm nws cov tsheej lab ntawm las.

tswvyim ntawm cov kws txawj

Kws txawj cam hais tias lub volcanic huab tiag tiag yog ib tug loj teeb meem rau aircraft. Thaum ntaus los ntawm cov neeg coob sau tus txom nyem heev visibility. Onboard electronics ua hauj lwm nrog loj disruptions.

Cov uas ua glassy "lub tsho" rau rotor hniav, clogging orifices uas yog siv rau cov muab cua mus rau lub engine thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub aircraft, yuav ua rau lawv tsis ua hauj lwm. Nrog rau qhov no daim ntawv cog lus thiab cov captains ntawm lub airships.

Katla roob hluav taws

Tom qab cov hniav lwj ntawm kev ua si ntawm lub Eyjafjallajökull roob hluav taws, muaj ntau zaum kwv yees txawm ntau haib tawg ntawm lwm Icelandic fiery roob - Katla. Nws yog loj npaum li cas thiab muaj zog tshaj Eyjafjallajokull.

Lub ob txhiab, thaum cov neeg saib lub tawg ntawm lub Eyjafjallajökull, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug caij nyoog ntawm rau lub hlis, pob tawg lawm thiab Katla.

Cov volcanoes muaj nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Iceland, ntawm ib tug deb ntawm kaum yim kilometers los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Lawv muab ib qho system ntawm underground magma raws. Katla kev ua qab yias yog nyob rau hauv ib tug glacier mýrdalsjökull. Nws cheeb tsam ntawm 700 sq. km, thickness - 500 meters. Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias thaum lub sij hawm kev tawg ntawm tshauv nyob rau hauv cov cua ntog kaum lub sij hawm ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv 2010. Tab sis qhov zoo ces, txawm lub ominous twv ntawm kws tshawb fawb, Katla tseem tsis muaj tej yam tshwm sim ntawm lub neej.