"Infinity" - yog qhov yooj yim hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev. Daim Ntawv nyob rau hauv lub rooj, siv cov piv txwv

Rau lub tsim ntawm ntau designs siv cov infinitive. Qhov no qhia txog kev ua, uas muaj peev xwm ua raws li ib tug kev kawm, ib tug ntxiv, complement, lub complement ntawm lub thib ob, los yog txiav txim yam ntxwv. Nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv lub active lub suab thiab passive. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yuav siv sij hawm ib tug passive ntsiab lus tsis muaj lexical thiab purely txawj. Yog li, lub infinitive - yog dab tsi? Cov nram qab no yog cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv tus neeg mob thiab cov kev hloov tsheb. Tiam sis nco ntsoov hais tias cov hloov mus rau lwm tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub essence ntawm cov lus Askiv syntax thiab logic, thiab nyob rau hauv ib co moments yuav ua tau ruam tag.

Ua ntej, peb nrog ib co lus

• Liab qab infinitive - infinitive puag los yog yooj yim daim ntawv (puag daim ntawv no).
• Yuav kom-infinitive - 'to'-infinitive, los yog cia li ib tug infinitive. Cov yooj yim daim ntawv ntawm ib tug 'los' particle.
• Transitive / Intransitive qhia txog kev ua - txoj kev hloov / intransitive qhia txog kev ua. Cov hloov tej zaum yuav ncua mus rau lwm lub qhia txog kev ua, thiab nws yuav tsis muab suav hais tias nruj me ntsis semantic.
• Nkij los txuam rau - complement, semantic ib feem ntawm ib tug compound qhia txog kev ua-predicate.
• Predicative qhia - predicates lub nominal ib feem ntawm ib tug puas nominal predicate.
• Subject - cov kev kawm, lub ntsiab sib cav ntawm lub predicate, uas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab syntax yog feem ntau hu ua cov kev kawm.
• Nruas - ib tug kwv, ib tug me nyuam sib cav predicate, uas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv yog feem ntau yog denoted raws li ib tug ntxiv.
• Tus Cwj Pwm - yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm lub noun, uas nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yog hu ua cov qauv sau ntawv txhais.
• Modifier - ib tug kos npe rau hais tias muaj yog ib tug kos npe rau hauv ib tug dav heev kev txiav txim zoo. Cov lo lus uas modifies lwm lo lus.
• Tej txhais me me kuv, los yog Present tej txhais me me - Kuv txhais me me los yog tam sim no tej txhais me me (ib tug ntawm qhia txog kev ua ntaub ntawv).
• Tej txhais me me II, los yog yav tag los tej txhais me me - II tej txhais me me los yog yav dhau los tej txhais me me (ib tug ntawm qhia txog kev ua ntaub ntawv).
• Elleptic kab lus - ib tug luv luv kab lus nyob rau hauv uas ib co mej zeej yog omitted. Grammatically rho cov ntsiab lus uas yuav tsum tau rov qab nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txog, uas yog, lub syntax yeej muaj tseeb, tab sis tsis tag tso tawm kom pom. Rub lo lus thiaj conforms rau cov kev cai.

zoo

8 yog infinitive ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov plaub sib nrauj - uncertainty ntev, kawm tiav, kawm tas thiab kav ob collateral - active thiab passive. Ib tug yooj yim daim ntawv no yog xam tias yog tsis paub tseeb nam ntawm lub active lub suab.

Siv infinitive tsis muaj 'los' (puag daim ntawv no, liab qab infinitive)

Basic infinitive - nws yog ib lub qhia txog kev ua uas yog teev nyob rau hauv thawj kem ntawm lub rooj ntawm lus verbs.

Meaningless complements qhov qhia txog kev 'ua' nyob rau hauv lub negatives, cov lus nug, thiab lwm txoj kev 'do'-them nyiaj yug.

Koj puas xav mus tsev? / Koj puas xav mus tsev?

Thov ua tsis laugh./Pozhaluysta, tsis txhob luag.

Complements yuav (yuav tsum) thiab yuav (yuav tsum tau) ntawm ib co neej yav tom ntej lub sij hawm thiab cov pa designs.

Cov miv yuav tuaj home./Koshka los tsev.

Peb yuav tsum txaus siab rau ib lo lus teb nyob rau ntawm koj earliest convenience./My yuav tsum paub txog cov lus teb raws li koj tus thawj pab.

Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau dav kev txiav txim zoo, lub hauv paus infinitive - ib tug continuation ntawm tej modal (yuav, yuav, tej zaum yuav, tej zaum yuav , yuav tsum, yuav tau, yuav tsum tau, yuav, yuav, yuav theej , thiab lwm yam) thiab semi-modal verbs twv thiab xav tau.

Kuv yuav hais lus Swedish./Ya yuav hais lus Swedish.

Xav tau koj siv heev npaum li cas hmoov? / Koj yeej yuav tsum tau siv raws li muaj ntau yam xim?

Kuv twv hais tias nws yuav back./Osmelyus hais tias nws yuav rov qab los.

Tom qab muaj zoo.

Koj tau zoo dua muab rov qab uas telephone./Luchshe tsis koj rov qab mus rau hauv lub xov tooj.

Raws li ib tug tseem qhuas kuv thiab mus rau lub thib ob cia verbs, cia, ua, muaj, thaum xa mus rau tus thawj (Supplement).

Qhov ntawd ua rau kuv laugh./Eto kuv luag. Piv nrog kuv tau ua rau luag / ua kuv luag, uas yog siv los-infinitive.

Peb cia lawv leave./My cia lawv mus.

Cia wb ua si Monopoly! / Cia wb ua si Monopoly!

Kuv muaj nws saib kuv car./On-taki ntsia kuv lub tsheb.

Raws li lub thib ob los yog tsuas yog tas li ntawd ntawm qhov qhia txog kev pab.

Qhov no lub tswv yim yuav pab tau (rau) sib npaug rau budget./Etot kauj ruam yuav pab kom mus raws cov nyiaj txiag.

Koj yuav pab tau kuv (rau) tau tshaj no ntawm phab ntsa? / Koj pab kuv tau txais no ntawm phab ntsa?

Raws li lub thib ob tseem qhuas xaav verbs xws li pom, hnov, hnov, thiab lwm yam, tej zaum yuav siv tau, thiab nyob rau hauv no tsis paub tseeb lub sij hawm, tab sis yog hais tias nws tsis yog ib qho kev tshwm sim, thiab cov kev txiav txim ntawm tej yam.

Peb pom nws sim ua escape./My pom nws sim khiav.

Nws muaj nws ua pa rau nws neck./Ona paub tias nws ua tsis taus pa rau nws sab plhu.

Nws ua cov kev ua ntawm lub nominal ib feem ntawm lub predicate nyob rau hauv ib tug pseudo-cais proposals.

Yuav ua li cas kuv ua li no khi txoj hlua rau lub beam./Chto kuv puas tau tau khi txoj hlua rau ib tug beam.

Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum ua li cas yog caw nws round rau dinner./Chto koj yuav tau ua yog mus caw nws mus noj hmo.

Tom qab yog vim li cas qhov qhia txog kev nyob rau hauv luv luv kab lus.

Vim li cas thab? / Yog vim li cas xws li ib tug tu siab heev?

kev siv ntawm cov infinitive

'To'-infinitive - ib daim ntawv uas yog siv rau citation ntawm English verbs.

Yuav ua li cas peb conjugate qhov qhia txog kev mus ? / Yuav ua li cas peb conjugate qhov qhia txog kev "mus"?

Rau txhais cov lus txawv teb chaws verbs.

Fabkis lo lus boire txhais tau tias 'haus' ./ Fabkis lo lus "boire" txhais tau tias "rau haus dej haus".

Raws li ib tug ua raws li-modal thiab semi-modal verbs yuav tsum (mus) thiab siv (rau).

Peb yuav tsum ua li ntawd now./My yuav tsum ua li ntawd tam sim no.

Kuv siv mus ua si sab nraum txhua txhua hnub thaum kuv yog ib tug child./Ya si nyob rau hauv txoj kev txhua txhua hnub, thaum kuv yog ib tug me nyuam.

Raws li ib tug continuation ntawm ntau lwm transitive verbs, nrog rau cov kev xav tau, twv, xav tau, xav tias yuav, sim, kev cia siab, pom zoo, tsis kam thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv feem ntau yog txaus siab rau cov kev kawm, los yog mus rau ib zajlus kom raug.

Kuv yuav tsum tau mus rau ib tug telephone./Mne yuav tau txais mus rau ib tug xov tooj.

Tsis txhob ua ntau yam thiaj li mistakes./Postaraysya tsis ua li ntawd, muaj ntau yam yuam kev.

Lawv tsis kam pab us./Oni tsis kam mus ua hauj lwm rau peb.

Txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub qhov continuation ntawm transitive verbs. Ntawm no lawv yog txaus siab mus rau lub txwm complement los yog cov zajlus kom complement.

Kuv xav kom nws mus yuav promoted./Ya xav txhawb nws.

Nws xav kom nws tus kwv tij mus txog no week./On tos rau nws tus tij laug tom ntej no lub lim tiam.

Raws li circumstance hnov lub hom phiaj, los yog tej hom phiaj thiab cov nyhuv tshwm sim.

Kuv tuaj ntawm no los mloog dab tsi koj yuav tsum say./Ya qhov no mus mloog koj hais dab tsi.

Lawv txiav lub laj kab mus nce nkag tau mus rau lub site./Oni tshem tawm tiv thaiv, tau mus rau lub site.

Nws scored peb ceev cov hom phiaj mus rau theem cov score./Ona scored peb ceev cov hom phiaj, thiab widened cov kis.

Tej zaum ib tug infinitive - ib tug kawm los yog predicate.

Ua neej nyob yog rau suffer./Zhit - mus raug kev txom nyem.

Rau lawv yuav tsum tau nrog peb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no ntawm lub ntsoog yog pov thawj ntawm lawv friendship./Dlya lawv yuav tsum tau nrog peb nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm nyuaj, nws txhais tau tias mus ua tim khawv rau lawv kev phooj ywg.

Raws li permutation logic (postraskrytie) yuav tsum tau cuav nws.

Nws yog zoo mus nyob here./Eto zoo - nyob ntawm no.

Nws ua rau kuv zoo siab pub kuv animals./Kormlenie kuv cov tsiaj ua rau kuv zoo siab.

Nyias, ib co exclamations thiab zoo-tsim nqe lus (idiomicheskih rpm), qhov chaw uas nws muaj feem xyuam rau qhov zoo tshaj ntawm tag nrho cov tswv yim raws li ib tug tag nrho, uas yog, ua raws li ib tug introductory tsim.

Oh, yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ces ... / Oh, nyob rau hauv ces ...

Yuav kom xav hais tias nws siv los hu rau kuv sister./Podmat xwb, nws hu ua kuv tus niam hluas.

Yuav kom ncaj ncees, kuv tsis xav tias koj muaj ib tug chance./Esli ncaj ncees, kuv tsis xav tias koj muaj ib lub caij nyoog.

Ib txhia lwm zoo-tsim nqe lus, xws li nyob rau hauv thiaj li, thiaj li mus, raws li tau hais tias yuav, hais txog mus, tau, yog mus, yog mus, yuav mus.

Peb yog mus rhuav no building./My mus rhuav lub tsev.

Nws luag nyav li tau hais tias yuav lees paub nws acquiescence./On luag nyav, raws li tau hais tias yuav paub txog nws kev tso cai.

Nyob rau hauv luv luv kab lus, qhov no tsis muaj kev kawm, vim hais tias nws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub dav dav lub ntsiab lus teb los yog rub (tshwj tsis yog Siv vim li cas).

Zoo, yuav ua li cas tam sim no? / Yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi tam sim no?

Kuv xav seb puas yuav tsum nyob rau ntawm point./Ya xav txog kev swb, yog hais tias xws li ib tug tshaj plaws.

Ua tus muaj nuj nqi txhais rau ib co npe thiab adjectives (nws yog vim li cas rau luag, lub dag zog los nthuav, txhawj xeeb kom tau ib daim pib):

- lub dag zog los nthuav / ntsuas tsom ntawm kev txhim kho,

- txhawj xeeb toget ib daim pib / xav ua kom tau ib daim pib.

Tus txheeb ze grammatical hauv paus kuj yuav siv tau infinitive. Ua li cas nws txhais li cas? Hais tias yog, nws yog xws li ib tug lub moj khaum, nyob rau hauv uas ib feem yuav tsum tau qhia los yog rub cuav caij, thiab lwm tus ib feem yog tawm qhov tseeb duplicated nws, tab sis muab tso rau tom qab lub predicate; feem ntau nws yog nyob ntawm lub noun, thiab yog li ntawd lub semantic kev sib raug zoo feem ntau yog muaj nta nyob rau hauv ntau nrog lub passive suab:

- tus tshaj plaws rau tawm hauv qab / tshaj plaws uas poob qab (tus tshaj plaws yog meant raws li ib tug ntxiv tawm);

- ib tug kawm los tham nrov nrov txog / yam khoom, uas yog hais nrov nrov (ib tug kawm yog to taub raws li ib qho ntxiv hais txog);

- ib tug kawm txog kev uas mus tham nrov nrov / yam khoom, uas ib tug yuav tsum hais lus tawm nrov nrov (ib tug variation ntawm yav tas los piv txwv li, ib tug me ntsis ntau formal);

- tus txiv neej mus cawm peb / txiv neej rau peb txoj kev cawm seej (tsis passive tsim, tus txiv neej to taub raws li qhov kev kawm ntawm tseg).

Raws li ib tug feature ntawm lub chaw raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tus, ib tug ntxoov ntxoo passivity:

- yooj yim rau siv / yooj yim rau siv;

- zoo mus saib nyob rau / zoo saib.

Phua infinitive (cleft infinitive los yog phua infinitive)

Infinitive - yog (nyob rau hauv lus Askiv) nrog cov qhia txog kev ua 'los' particle. Nruab nrab ntawm lub particle thiab cov qhia txog kev ua yuav tsum muab ib tug adverb, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv nws yog hu ua ib tug split - cleft infinitive.

Yuav kom ua siab loj mus qhov twg tsis muaj tus txiv neej tau ploj mus ua ntej / ua siab loj mus qhov twg tsis muaj tus txiv neej tau ploj mus ua ntej.

Cov pejxeem yuav tsum ntau tshaj double./Chislennost pejxeem yuav tsum ntau tshaj ob npaug qhov kev nce.

Tsis yog txhua txhua theories lug xav txog tej kev siv siv tau. Txawm li cas los, nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev hais lus thiab sau ntawv, thiab muaj peev xwm feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm classical ntaub ntawv. Thiab raws li cov lus - qhov no yog dab neeg siv, tsis yog dab tsi yog tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, peb tau tias hais tias phua infinitives tsim nyog rau txoj kev nyob ua ib ke. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis muaj yuav tsum tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub official raws li txoj cai ntawm tej preconceived manifestation ntawm illiteracy. Cuaj kaum, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov hais tias dictionaries thiab cov phau ntawv sau dua tshiab thaum lub sij hawm thaum ib yam kev vam meej nyob rau hauv cov lus yuav tsis tau ignored.