Litmus xeem yog ib tug sib-kho extract litmus daim ntawv. Nws yog siv los txiav txim seb lub degree ntawm acidity los yog alkalinity ntawm qhov chaw. Ua ntej yuav litmus ntawv impregnated steel, nws twb siv nyob ib leeg ua ib qho kev taw qhia thiab cov tshuaj reagent. Thawj siv raws li ib tug qhia litmus Mev alchemist Arnaldo de Vilanova kwv yees li 1300g. Qhov no tshuaj ntawm tej yam ntuj tso keeb kwm, nws yog muab tau los ntawm Lichens.
Ib tug litmus xeem - yog ib tug acid-puag taw qhia, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub acidic nruab nrab puv liab, thiab alkaline - xiav. Nyob ntawm seb cov xim siv, siv ib tug tshwj xeeb scale, txiav txim pH. Lub pH qhia los yog pH yog ib tug ntau ntawm kev ntsuas tus piv nyob rau hauv dej ntawm H + thiab OH- uas tsim thaum cov dej dissociation. Thaum chav tsev kub nyob rau hauv ib tug nruab nrab tov, pH 7, nyob rau hauv lub acidic pH <7, alkaline pH> 7.
Litmus ntawv siv nyob rau hauv kev xyaum haum yooj yim txoj kev: koj yuav tsum siv sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv ib tug kawg thiab dipped nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub kua lwm yam. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau tso tawm daim ntawv sib sib zog nqus rau hauv cov kua. Cov tshwm sai li sai tau: Wednesday nws txo qis ntug los yog kev hloov cov xim los yog tsis. Ces, qhov no daim ntawv yog muab piv nrog txheem qhov tseem ceeb, uas yog tso raws li ib tug scale rau lub raj los yog nyob rau hauv lub ntim nyob rau hauv uas muaj lub teeb. Litmus xeem yog xav tau ib tug universal qhov taw qhia, raws li siv nws yuav txiav txim seb cov neeg kawm ntawv thiab cov acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm qhov nruab nrab.
Qhov no qhia tau tau ua thiab nyob rau hauv tsev, muaj siv ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag. Koj yuav xav tau ib tug liab, xiav los yog xim paj yeeb qhwv, lim los yog dawb dawb daim ntawv. Zaub pob yuav tsum grate, boil rau 30-35 feeb, ces ntws thiab nyem maj mam muab. Zaub pob nws tus kheej yuav tsis muaj lawm yuav tsum tau, thiab nyob rau hauv lub resulting broth rau muab tso rau ib daim hlab txiav los ntawm daim ntawv. Tom qab daim ntawv yog soaked, tshem tawm nws thiab qhuav. Khaws daim ntawv no yuav tsum tau mus rau qhuav ntim, tam sim ntawd los ntawm tshav ntuj. Los ntawm kev siv xws li ib tug self-ua qhia yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account uas nws muab ib tug me ntsis loj ntsuas kev ua yuam kev dua lub Hoobkas.
Ib tug litmus xeem ntawm nws yooj yim rau kev siv thiab versatility nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm pH tau lug siv tsis tau tsuas yog thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj thwmsim nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab soj ntsuam lub chaw soj nstuam, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Yog li, ib tug neeg twg tau yooj yim, siv litmus daim ntawv, tus pH nqi tej zaum yuav qhia tej lom kua, kev daws teeb meem, mixtures - qaub ncaug, zis, mis mis nyuj, dej, soaps, etc. Tsis pH ntawm lub cev yog tsim nyog los ntawm nws tus kheej tswj nyob rau hauv tej yam kab mob. Raws li litmus xeem yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev tswv los mus txiav txim cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm cov av. Nws yog tej zaum yuav siv nws los mus txiav txim lub pH ntawm tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshwj xeeb yog cov siv rau kev tu tawv nqaij, txij li thaum Qhov tseeb tiag mas lawv yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab.