Hom xim. Kos duab nrag. Daim duab nrag ntawm ntoo

Daim duab nrag ua ib hom arts thiab crafts tseem yog qhov kev coj ntawm cov neeg pej xeem cov txuj ci. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev pom ntawm lub cev, nws qhov essence yog ntau yam ntxiv, vim hais tias nws zoo li soar tshaj lub sij hawm, uniting cov hauj lwm ntawm kaum ob ntawm cov tswv. Nws yog organically txuas nrog Vatican - nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw ntawm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos ntawm peasants (pastoralists, ua liaj ua teb, neeg tua tsiaj).

Qhov kev pom ntawm daim duab nrawm rau duab nrag duab

Daim duab nrag yog siv rau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov khoom siv "democrat" yooj yim: natural fabrics, wood, clay, tawv, pob zeb, pob txha.

Txog rau xyoo pua 17th, nws cov nroj tsuag muaj nyob rau hauv tus kheej, cov neeg ua qoob ua liaj teb. Cov kev txawj kis tau los ntawm cov tswv cuab los ntawm caj ces, los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb tau ua tiav, uas tau ua kom pom cov khoom zoo. Cov kev qhia ntau tshaj plaws thiab kev qhia txog kev nqus ib qho kev xaiv raug xaiv. Painting in architecture decorated lub qab nthab, phab ntsa, arches, kab teeb thiab ncej, thiab nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub lub neej - dishes, khoom ntawm labour.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm XVII mus rau lub xyoo pua XVIII, kos duab nrag hauv Russia yog twb hloov mus ua khoom siv tes ua khoom tsim rau lub lag luam. Nws pib yuav tsum tau koom nrog tsis yog ib tus neeg uas yog tus tswv, tab sis nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam thiab cov zos. Nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo, lub koom haum artistic ntawm cov kos duab ntawm nrag siv qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, tus masters ntawm Fedoskino tej yam me me li no nws tus kheej-tus neeg tom qab qhov kev rhuav tshem ntawm ntiag tus tswv hauv xyoo 1903 thiab khaws cia lawv daim duab. Nyob rau xyoo 1876, lub npe ntawm cov xibfwb Isaev AA tau qhia txog ntau hom duab. Nyob rau hauv ob-ntim monograph "Cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Moscow Gubernia."

Nyob rau hauv 1920 thiab 1930s, Soviet hwj huam tau muab tso rau tsim cov koom txoos koom nrog cov koom haum ua lag luam uas keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov neeg tsim duab uas tsim cov duab zoo nkauj. Piv txwv, Khokhloma nrag hauv thaj tsam Nizhny Novgorod.

Lub tswvyim rau kev thaij duab, nrog rau lwm yam hom hniav thiab pleev duab, yog tus paub thiab piav qhia los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb thiab xib fwb Vasily Sergeevich Voronov hauv lub xov xwm "On Peasant Art".

Tam sim no, kos duab painting tuam txhab uas muag tau nquag tsim hom xim kom txaus siab thov hauv ob qho lag luam hauv Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws. Pleev xim cov khoom, thaum tuav lawv txoj haujlwm hauv vajtse, nce ntxiv kom paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab kev zoo nkauj. Rau lawv cov khoom siv, niaj hnub cov cav tov thiab khoom tshwj xeeb yog siv - rau kev ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ua haujlwm, zoo li ob peb centuries dhau los, yog ua manually los ntawm tus kws ua yeeb yam artist.

Painting li kos duab

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom nco ntsoov tias lub teb chaws tha xim yog hloov tus duab heev ntawm qhov khoom. Nws yuav qhia ntau dua ntawm cov theem ntawm cov xim nplai, atherosclerosis ntawm cov kab thiab proportionality. Muaj cov "rog" cov khoom ua cov duab ntxias 'kev ua kom sov thiab muaj txoj sia. Lub tom kawg yog tiav los ntawm kev thov kev nthuav dav thiab cov qauv ntawm cov duab zoo (graphics thiab nrag). Ntau hom xim nrawm nrawm tsim tshwj xeeb zoo siab yav dhau los, tus nrog cov av ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg ntes ntses.

Yog hais tias yuav tsum tau hais lus thaij, duab kos duab yog ua los ntawm txhuam cov xim rau ntawm ib qho chaw. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau kom pom ib qho tseem ceeb: hauv qhov sib piv rau kev tha xim, ua qauv ua ib qho chaw, tha xim yog ib qho ntawm ib qho ntawm ib qho.

Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws yog tham txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting: nws universally harmonizes nrog luag txhua style: minimalism, niaj hnub, lub teb chaws. Cov tswv yim tsim los ntawm cov qub masters tau ua kom tiav los ntawm ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw, tsim ib tus tshwj xeeb style kev ua tau zoo. Zoo hmoo, nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, ntau hom paintings tau raug fwm thiab tsim: Gzhel, Khokhloma, Boretskaya, Goretskaya, Mezenskaya, Onega, Permogorskaya, Pizhma, Polhovsko-Paidanskaya, Puchuzhskaya, Rakulskaya. Wb xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov qauv no.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Khokhloma

Muaj peev xwm pleev xim rau ib tsob ntoo hauv kub tsis muaj kev siv kub, qhov tseeb, tau pauv mus rau Khokhloma tus qhev los ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm icon, tus kws tshawb fawb, uas tau paub txog qhov paub txog no paub li cas hauv XII xyoo pua hauv qhov chaw qiv zais ntawm hav zoov ntawm Trans-Volga thaj tsam. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv twb paub cov crafts, muab painting: dhos ua lag ua luam thiab kos duab ntawm lub ancient qhia txog yam tshiab. Tej zaum lawv kuj paub cov duab qub thaum ub,

Ib lub zos loj ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Nizhny Novgorod ntawm thaj tsam Trans-Volga - Khokhloma, - zoo li lub hlau nplaum, nyiam cov neeg txawj ntse.

Qhov no, nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub no, lub regional fair rau ib pawg ntawm cov zos nyob ntawm ntug dej ntawm tus Dej Hav dej tau ua haujlwm tsis yog rau cov lag luam domestic ntawm Russia. Cov neeg lag luam zoo ua rau cov tub lag luam yuav khoom loj rau nws thiab tsav tsheb rau kev xa khoom tawm. Yog li, Khokhloma kev ua lag luam yog "nyob rau hauv phom" ntawm ob qho tib si domestic thiab txawv teb chaws kev lag luam, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tau yeej los ntawm kev sib tw zoo tshaj tus nqi sib tw. Lub tswv yim zoo yog tsim tau: cov kev txawj ntawm tus txawj ua haujlwm coj nws los ua kom muaj kev vam meej.

Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kws kho mob, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm XII mus rau lub xyoo pua XVII, cov evolution ntawm lub Khokhloma style coj qhov chaw, uas cov laus Nizhny Novgorod hom wood painting tau kev.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm XVII mus rau lub xyoo pua XVIII Khokhloma style twb yeej tsim. Nta nws cov foci yog:

- lub Hoobkas "Khokhloma artist", uas ntiav cov tswv cuab ntawm lub zos ntawm Koverninsky koog tsev kawm ntawv (Semino, thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv lawv cov duab thaij los ntawm kev tshav paj thiab hav zoov berries;

- Koom haum "Khokhloma nrag", Mr. Semenov. Masters ntawm unification feem ntau tsim lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov xim zoo nkauj.

Tshuab ntawm Khokhloma

Cov kev ua zoo nkauj ntawm cov "nplua txhuam" pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom muag richest ornament. Ib lub luag haujlwm zoo ua los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom. Kos duab ntawm Khokhloma presupposed ua raws cai los ntawm masters ntawm ib yam technology. Tus cwj pwm, nws tsis tau hloov rau peb lub sijhawm. Peb sau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm nws theem:

- xa rau ib lub tshuab raj ntoo ntawm cov tais diav ("linen");

- priming blanks nrog kua kua ntawm tshwj xeeb uas npaj cov av nplaum ("ncej"). Niaj hnub nim no cov thwj cim yog siv rau lub hom phiaj no;

- tinning lossis silvering. Tam sim no, txhuas yog siv rau qhov no;

- Daim duab pleev xim rau cov ntoo thiab ziab ntawm qhov khoom hauv qhov cub;

- vaus tes thiab kub kom qhuav.

Kev kho cov cua kub hnyav ntawm cov khoom tau pom hais tias cov xim gamut najnpawb ntawm qub Lavxias teb sab xim: thaum sib luag ntawm kub thiab liab liab nrog dub xim. Ie. Lub qhov cub sov ntawm Khokhloma tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov ci thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim.

Txoj kev ntawm nrag Khokhloma

Cov qauv ntawm kev pleev xim rau cov ntoo, ua ke hauv Khokhloma, tau txhais ob los ntawm nws lub tshuab: "tom qab" thiab "caij" tsab ntawv. Lub npe ntawm lub hauv paus muaj ib txoj kev los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem silhouette.

"Nees" qhov system yuav siv cov xim silhouette nta ncaj qha mus rau tom qab kub. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm tus keeb kwm "golden" contour "ntawm tus keeb kwm yav dhau, los ntawm" kos duab "tus xibfwb ntawm cov xim dub thiab xim liab ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig" Golden curls ".

Txhua lub tshuab siv tib lub hom Khokhloma nrag. Tsuas muaj plaub leeg ntawm lawv: "kudrin", "rau berries" (los yog "hauv qab nplooj"); "Nyob rau hauv cov zaub ntug hauv paus"; "Nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los."

"Kudrin" qhia txog tus qauv "nyom", uas sau nrog nplaum txhuam. Nws yog me ntsis reminiscent ntawm sedge, txawm li cas los, curled los ntawm intricate harmonious dynamic rings. Raws li cov kws txawj, qhov no yog qhov tshaj plaws ancient kev nthuav dav.

"Rau ib tug Berry" - yog kos nrog ib tug tuab txhuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub "grassy puag" no twb tshwm nplooj thiab berries. Lub vegetative daim ntawv yog stylized thiab tag nrho. Nyob rau tib "soj caum" koj tuaj yeem pom ob leeg chamomile thiab nplooj ntawm strawberries.

Painting "nyob rau hauv cov zaub ntug hauv paus" yuav tsum ua si txog tej yam duab zoo nkauj (feem ntau yog cov pob zeb diamond). Daim duab yog animated los ntawm "Bush" nyob rau sab thiab illuminated los ntawm lub hnub nyob rau hauv nruab nrab.

Nrog rau txoj kev "nyob hauv keeb kwm yav dhau," ib qho kev cog kab nrig yog rov qab twv, tom qab uas yog cov dawb tom qab yog xim dua, thiab feem ntau dub.

Tsaug rau lub uniqueness ntawm txhua tus tswv txhuam, Khokhloma nws yog tshwj xeeb thiab txawv. Hom ntawm cov duab, sib tham saum toj no, hloov rau nws, ua kom pom qhov muag nrog kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov xim kub, xim liab thiab xim dub.

Gzhel. Nrhiav av nplaum rau Suav teb

Gzhel raws li tus kos duab ntawm nrag yog yug nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub niaj hnub Ramensky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow. Cov chaw qub raug hu ua Gzhel volost, thiab nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no lub zos ntawm Bokhteevo, Volodino, Gzhel, Kuzyaevo, Novokharitovo, Turygino stretched.

Txog rau xyoo pua 17th, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos tau tsim cov dej thooj txeem qub thaum tsim av nplaum. Qhov teeb meem no tau pauv vim cov kev lag luam tsim ntawm cov koog zej zog tsim rau kev tsim cov khoom ua si. Lub taw tes pib yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich mus nrhiav "clays haum" rau qhuav ntawm apothecary vessels - nyob rau hauv 1663.

Cov kev sim yog ib qho kev vam meej, txij thaum 1710 lub khw muag tshuaj yuav pib siv cov khoom noj hauv zos. Pharmacists qhuas qhov zoo ntawm clays, thiab lub sij hawm tuaj thaum lawv txaus siab rau cov kws kho mob. Lawv txaus siab rau raw cov ntaub ntawv haum rau cov khoom ua si ntawm cov khoom ua si. Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Tsar nyob rau hauv 1844, tau tsim muaj kev sib cog lus, uas tau muaj tus tswv ntawm lub tsev kho mob porcelain nyob hauv Moscow, Afanasy Grebenshchikov, thiab tus kws ua khoom ntawm Porcelain Manufactory, Dmitri Ivanovich Vinogradov, uas tau txais kev kawm engineering ntawm University of Marburg. Tsib xyoo tab tom nrhiav rau cov av nplaum. Nyob rau hauv 1849, tom qab lub yim hli dhau los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav, cov khaub ncaws tau muab rho tawm, uas yog cov hoob kawm ua ntej. Lawv qhov kev zoo siab yog los ntawm MV Lomonosov nws tus kheej, Vinogradov tus tub kawm ntawv.

Gzhel. Kev loj hlob ntau

Industrialist Grebenshchikov pib siv cov khoom nyhuv pom ntawm nws cov zaub hauv Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, ib cov neeg ntse los ntawm lub zos Guzel thiab cov neeg nyob hauv zos, los ntawm txoj kev, raws li peb tau hais, twb muaj kev txawj ntse, thiab pom tau tias cov nyiaj pab tau siv cov av zoo dua.

Cov ntaub ntawv tau mus ua ke, raws li nyob rau hauv lub zos nyob nyob zoo tswv yim - ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas A. Grebenshchikov. Nyob rau lub sij hawm txij thaum 1750 mus rau 1820 handicraft masters ua majolica - oblong jugs-kvassniki, daim hlau, mugs, cov tais diav. Ornamental painting tau nrog ntsuab, daj, xiav thiab eggplant xim rau tom qab dawb. Cov duab nrog ib tug noog - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab ib ncig nws - ntoo, bushes, tsev. (Ie, qhia tau tias hom txheej txheem tha xim duab). Cov tais diav tau thov. Muaj kev sib txeeb ntawm kev zoo. Lub tshuab ua qoob loo qub, uas tsim cov khoom zoo li qub, zoo ib yam li "cov thawv txawv teb chaws", nyob hauv cov hmoov txhuas.

Kev paub tau zoo tshaj 80 xyoo, thiab txij thaum xyoo 1820 yuav luag tag nrho Gzhel craftsmen ua ib qho kev ua lag luam. Qhov no yog qhov heyday ntawm lub kos duab Gzhel. Khoom ntawm masters yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub Hermitage. Cov tais diav no pib pom zoo nyob rau hauv Russia qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau cov nyom. Cov xim pleev rau Gzhel teapots, bowls, daim hlau muaj cov tsev lag luam thiab cov neeg qhuas, taverns. Cov hom painting tau raug kho dua. Gzhel yog muag thoob plaws lub tebchaws, ntawm Arkhangelsk mus rau Astrakhan, xa mus rau Central Asia thiab Middle East. Kwv yees li peb caug zauv. Cov lag luam yog cov tsim muaj: Barmins, Guslins, Gusiatnikovs, Kiselevs, Terekhovs, Sazonovs.

Tu siab, vim 1860 muaj ib tug poob Gzhel painting. Folk art, yug los ntawm kev sib tw ntawm ntau pua tus me me ntawm cov producers thiab kaum ob ntawm mediums, yog hloov los ntawm pragmatism ntawm loj monopolies. Ntawm cov monopolists sawv MS Kuznetsov, nrog nws tsib factories thiab ib xyoo zus ntawm 2.1 lab rub. Lub peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov so tau 14% ntawm Kuznetsovsky. Nyuaj hais, tsim tshuaj paus Kuznetsov thiab "crushed" creativity. Cov kev sib tw tau ploj mus, txoj kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau qis, qhov zoo tau qis dua, qhov poob tau los.

Raws li cov yeeb yaj duab kos Gzhel

Gzhel yog qhov txawv ntawm txhua tus ascas, siv hom kos duab ntawm artistic rau nws, tsim nws tus kheej cov txheej txheem.

Qhov no yog ib qho kev kos duab maj mam. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj xibfwb yog tus tswv ntawm qhov kev txawj ntse ntawm tus tswv, uas yog nws tus kheej rau hauv txoj kev txhawm rau txhawm rau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov porcelain los daus ntawm lub porcelain ua rau muaj xim sib txawv ntawm qhov tawv xiav kom plooj xiav. Tag nrho cov no yog pleev xim nrog ib cov xim pleev xim - cobalt. Daim duab yog superimposed rau saum npoo "los ntawm thawj zaug," sai sai.

Vim li cas tus kws qhia txuj ci tseem ceeb tseem ceeb? Pib, cov xim tiag tiag ntawm daim duab tsis pom (ib qho ntawm cov cobalt). Txhua yam thaij duab zoo nkaus li monochrome, thiab tsuas yog thaum lub gzhel yog burnt nyob rau hauv qhov cub, daim duab yuav qhia tau nws tus kheej kom zoo tshaj.

Dab tsi yog pes tsawg leeg gzheli? Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nws feem ntau yog tus tswv los ntawm ib lub txaj uas zoo nkauj. Nyob rau ntawm nws sab, ib tug sib haum-coarse "grassy" cuab ntxhiab yog enriched nrog nplooj thiab berries. Nws tshwm sim hais tias nyob rau hauv daim duab no yog cov lus nug txog tsiaj txhu los yog muaj feem rau lub neej txhua hnub (piv txwv li, tom tsev).

Qhov teeb meem no tshwm sim li cas? Cov duab ntawm artistic painting rau "kos los ntawm thawj lub sij hawm" yog tiag txo kev mus rau txoj kev ntawm thov cov smear. Muaj plaub leeg xwb: ib qho txhuam stroke tau ntxig, pleev xim nrog ib txhuam, qauv "sitch", thiab cov duab tseem ceeb.

Smear network ntxoo yog characterized los ntawm ntau hom xim vim yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cobalt siv los ntawm txoj kev tig tshwj xeeb ntawm txhuam los ntawm tus kws kos duab.

Painting nrog ib txhuam yog characterized los ntawm qhov tseeb tias txhua tom ntej smear nyob rau hauv cov laus txawv ntawm ib tug yav dhau los. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, qhov siv ntawm smears maj txo, lawv "brightens".

Tus qauv "sitch" yog qhov thinnest. Nws yog kos nkaus xwb los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm txhuam.

Cov hom painting siv los ntawm Gzhel tsis yog cov cwj pwm ntawm kev luam yees duab ntawm natural motifs, tab sis yog reinterpreted thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho kev npaj txhij txog. Cov xim xiav reinterpreted depicted los ntawm tus kws kos duab, cov nplhaib ntawm xiav tulips, asters, carnations, roses rov qab cov contours ntawm cov noog los yog cov tsiaj. Qee zaum lawv qhia txog cov khoom siv hauv tsev lossis khoom (stemised) (piv txwv li, cov neeg tu neeg hauv siab).

Ntxiv cov duab ntawm cov "grassy" hom - cov kav hlau, cov cua, cov khoom ntaws, cov cwj pwm ntau, cov duab puab - muab cov duab tiav, tsim cov khoom tsim nyog.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Polhov-Maidan nrag

Cov pej xeem Lavxias teb sab yeeb yam yog ntau yam. Hom ntawm nws nyob rau hauv tag nrho lawv ntau haiv neeg, tej zaum, yuav piav nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj monograph, tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm. Yog li ntawd, peb txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb dua ntais. Peb twb tau hu ua cov "untweded" ntau hom duab: Khokhloma thiab Gzhel. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm tus neeg, txhua tus neeg yog thawj thiab muaj ntau heev ntawm lawv. Cia li qee lub npe: Boretskaya, Goretskaya, Mezenskaya, Onega, Permogorskaya, Pizhma, Polhovsko-Maidanskaya, Puchuzhskaya, Rakulskaya, lwm yam zoo li Tsis tau muab ib qho kev qhia ntxaws ntxawg txog tag nrho cov ntawm lawv hauv tsab ntawv no, peb yuav piav qhia txog qhov tsuas yog ib tug ntawm lawv, Polhov-Maydan.

Qhov no painting originated nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua XX nyob rau hauv Voznesensky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cheeb tsam Nizhny Novgorod. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Polhovsky Maidan thiab nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Voznesenskoe, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua XVIII muaj ib tug latent nuv ntses ntawm monks ntawm Sarov monastery. Cov neeg pluag kuj kawm tau los ua khoom siv tes ua, los ua cov neeg ua hauj lwm zoo hauv qhov siv cov tais diav ntoo. Masters kuj tau ua, raws li lawv tau hais, "tararushki", i.e. yam khoom rau kev lom zem: whistles, nceb, nests menyuam, Easter cov qe, cov khoom ua si ntawm menyuam yaus.

Lub impetus rau lub creation ntawm lub painting yog tus nrhiav tau ntawm ib tug neeg pluag Polinym Pavlom Nikitichem apparatus vizhiganiya, thiab txij li thaum 1926, paub creativity ntawm peasants coj lawv mus rau painting nyob rau hauv roj khoom, thiab nyob rau hauv 1933 lawv twb hloov los ntawm aniline dyes.

Tom qab ua hauj lwm polhovtsev saws Zagorci, merinovtsy, Semyonov, tshiab hom tau tsim matryoshka painting (lub ntsiab lus no peb yuav kov li tom qab).

Technology Polkhovsky Maydanskaya-style painting

Chiv, qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ntoo tsab xov xwm no raug rau sanding thiab priming cov hmoov txhuv nplej muab tshuaj txhuam. Ces tus tso Circuit Court qauv nyob rau hauv number case thiab ces painting twb nqa tawm. Ua li no, siv cov xim muaj hlau nyob rau hauv plaub xim: liab, daj, ntsuab thiab xiav. Ces nws siv "aiming" yam ntxwv Piav kauj ruam Polkhovsky Maydanskaya-style, muaj raws nyob rau hauv kos duab stroke contour dub. Peb ntxiv hais tias qhov no zoo ntawm painting qhia xws li ib tug txoj kev raws li overprinting.

Qhov no hom ntawm cov kos duab kuj siv ib tug tshwj xeeb cov txheej txheem ntawm Circuit Court-free painting.

Peb hais no hom ntawm painting yog tsis lo. Nws flourished nyob rau hauv lub USSR kom txog thaum lub 90s, inclusive. Nyob rau Ascension Hoobkas tsib puas leej ua hauj lwm. Ntawm no, 40% - qhov nyuab ua painting, lwm leej lwm tus - turners. Mus rau kho creatively, muaj tswv yim kuaj ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib lub Hoobkas. Khoom exported rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab cov teb chaws Europe. Niaj hnub no, cov kev lig kev cai nteg Hoobkas tsim ua lag luam.

Nws Majesty matryoshka

Tsis yeej ib txwm evolutionarily hloov zuj zuj Lavxias teb sab painting. Hom nws tej zaum tshwm sim poob nthav - tsis yog los ntawm lub "lub sij hawm immemorial". Lawv yog generated ntawm illumination ntawm ib tug tib tswv yim Lavxias teb sab masters. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog matryoshka. Nws - tsis primordially Lavxias teb sab invention.

Matryoshka nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv Sergiev Posad. Tus poj niam ntawm lub artist Sergei Vasilievich Malyutin nyob rau hauv 1898 coj los ntawm Nyiv daim duab Fukurumu txiv neej laus laus, uas invests nyob rau hauv plaub nuj nqis (los ntawm txoj kev, raws li Japanese lus dab neeg, cov thawj xws daim duab ua Lavxias teb sab monk). Sergey reinterpreted "nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab," nws lub tswv yim. Muaj yog ib tug ci ntsa iab lub tswv yim - simulate ib tug raug Lavxias teb sab tsev neeg. Lub npe Matrona yog ces nrov nyob rau hauv Russia. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, raws li kuv xav Milutin, nws rawv nrog ib tug Roman tsev neeg lub npe ntawm leej niam.

Sergey ua tus nqus cov nuj nqis ntawm yim kev nqis peev. Tus poj niam raws li nws tus ntxhais nrog ib tug dub qaib dib, thiab ces - ib tug tub, ces - dua tus hluas nkauj, lub yim daim duab yog ib tug me nyuam. Ntoo Turner lawv zoo machined VP Zvezdochkin. Pleev xim rau daim duab nws Sergei Vasilievich.

Qhuav ntawm me nyuam roj hmab. hom ntawm painting

Ntiaj teb nrov me nyuam roj hmab, nws paub txog lub ntiaj teb no yog hais txog 1900, thaum nws "mus tawm" - lub ntiaj teb tso rau neeg pom nyob rau hauv Paris.

Yuav pej xeem kos duab matryoshka dhau? Twb tau nyob rau 1899 rau tag nrho cov Sergiev Posad ua tshiab charming me nyuam roj hmab: cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam, ruddy, nyob rau hauv cov tsho tiv no thiab aprons thiab headscarves thiab sundresses nrog baskets, tsiaj, noog, paj. Zagorski style (raws li yog lub npe hu, Sergiev Posad twb renamed Zagorsk) differed picturesque, xim kom me me kom paub meej.

Txij li thaum 1922 zes me nyuam roj hmab kuj pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub zos Merinova nyob rau hauv lub Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam. Lub zos Turner Mayorov F. yuav Sergius matryoshka, machined "lawv". Nws pleev xim rau cov nuj nqis ntawm nws tus ntxhais. Merinovtsy sai sai mastered rau lub zus tau tej cov no complex cov nuj nqis. Merinovskaya matryoshka - nyuab siab kaj, tab sis yog muaj tsawg nthuav dav tshaj Zagorskaya.

Peb "deposit ntawm me nyuam roj hmab" yog Polkhovsky Maidan zos, nto moo thiab turners, thiab painting. Polkhovsky matryoshka nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv:

- fleeting, me me cwj nrag sau los ntawm tus neeg;

- qhov chaw lub khaub hlab nrhiav thiab kab sundress (daim tiab), los ntawm sab nraum qab rau 2/3 matryoshka pleev xim rau scarlet (liab) los yog ntsuab. Xim contrasts khaub hlab nrog nws. Nyob rau hauv lub hauv pliaj ua zes me nyuam roj hmab tab xim ib tug rose-spruce grouse. Designated sev - los ntawm lub caj dab mus rau hauv av. Painting sev grouped "nyob rau hauv ib lub voj qe." Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab - los qhia cov rose ceg, nplooj, berries. Muaj pes tsawg leeg yog complemented daisies thiab tsis nco qab-kuv.

Cov feem ntau nyuaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm Vyatka matryoshka ntseeg tau hais tias lub zos craftsmen inlay ib daim hlab.

xaus

Lavxias teb sab kos duab painting raws li ib daim ntawv ntawm cov hniav kos duab raws li sib sib zog nqus pej xeem kev lig kev cai, nyob rau theem ntawm kev ras paub txog ntawm dab tsi hauv lub teb, yog dab tsi ib tsev neeg. Nws yog txuam nrog centuries ntawm lub neej ntawm peb cov pog koob yawg koob, yog li pleev xim rau cov khoom nqa ib tug xwb warmth, tib neeg, muaj tswv yim cwj pwm ntawm lub neej. Lawv yeej kho lub neej uas niaj hnub tus txiv neej, lawv supplanted "lawv," lub ntsiab ntawm lub dai kom zoo ntawm lub qhov chaw nyob no yog ua los.

Art painting kuj ua rau ib co accents nyob rau hauv peb lub neej, recalling lub laaj ntawm lub motherland, hais txog universal human luag hauj lwm ntawm txhua tus neeg - mus ua lub neej zoo nkauj nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv.