Hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam, tus ntaus ntawv yam ntxwv thiab lub efficiency ntawm incandescent teeb

Ntxeev tus tes hloov qhov - thiab qhov tsaus ntuj nti chav tsev mam li nco dheev hloov, los ua pom qhov tsawg tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sab hauv ntsiab. Yog li ntawd instantly thov lub zog ntawm ib tug me me ntaus ntawv, pouring lub teeb tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm. Yuav ua li cas rog tsim xws li haib tawg? Cov lus teb yog muab zais rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo ntaus ntawv, uas yog hu ua lub teeb.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov thawj teeb pom kev zoo ntsiab

Lub hauv paus pib ntawm thawj incandescent qhov muag teeb rov qab mus rau thaum pib ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Los yog es, lub teeb nyob ib me ntsis tom qab, tab sis cov nyhuv ntawm platinum glow thiab cov pa roj carbon rods nyob rau hauv tus ntawm hluav taws xob lub zog twb sim mus saib. Lub zaum tuaj ob lus nug uas nyuaj:

• nrhiav siab kuj ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm ua kub nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tam sim no mus rau lub teeb emitting lub xeev;
• tiv thaiv sai combustion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.

Qhov tseem fruitful nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm steel kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim cuabyeej Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Lodygina thiab American Thomas Edison.

Lodygin npaj rau siv raws li ib tug keeb ntawm incandescent carbon rods, uas nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw raj. Ib tug disadvantage ntawm tus tsim yog tus complexity ntawm huab cua siv, qhov seem uas pab rau lub ceev ceev combustion ntawm lub rods. Tsis tau nws lub teeb hlawv rau ob peb teev, thiab tsim thiab patents los ua lub hauv paus rau ib tug ntau ruaj ntaus ntawv.

American paub txog Thomas Edison, familiarized nrog tej hauj lwm Lodygina ua zoo lub tshuab nqus tsev hwj, uas tau muab tso rau hauv lub thee xov ntawm xyoob fiber. Edison kuj nkag lub teeb puag ntsia hlau kev twb kev txuas, xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv niaj hnub teeb, thiab yees ntau hluav taws xob Cheebtsam, xws li plug-nyob rau hauv connector, ib tug fuse, ib tug teb mus, thiab tshaj. Efficiency incandescent Edison yog me me, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua hauj lwm mus txog 1,000 teev ntawm lub sij hawm thiab tau ua daim ntawv thov.

Tom qab, nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm carbon ntsiab nws twb npaj siab yuav siv refractory hlau. Lub filament ntawm tungsten, siv nyob rau hauv hnub no lub incandescent teeb, tseem twb patented Lodygin.

Tsim thiab muaj nuj nqi teeb hauv paus ntsiab lus

Tsim incandescent fundamentally unchanged rau ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Nws muaj xws li:

• Lub kaw hwj bounding cov ua hauj lwm qhov chaw thiab muaj inert roj.
• Cap, uas muaj ib tug kauv zoo lawm. Nws ua hauj lwm pab los tuav lub teeb nyob rau hauv ib lub yas dhos thiab electrically txuas nws nrog nyob qhov chaw.
• Lub conductors ua tam sim no los ntawm lub nplos mus rau lub kauj thiab tuav nws.
• Muab Kauv filament, cua sov thiab uas muab tawg ntawm lub teeb lub zog.

Thaum ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no kis tau los ntawm cov kauj, nws yog rhuab instantaneously mus rau ib tug ntau tshaj kub txog li 2700 degrees. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov muab kauv muaj ib tug yawm kuj mus tam sim no thiab los mus kov yeej no kuj kov ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog, uas yog tso tawm raws li thaum tshav kub kub. Lub tshav kub heats hlau (tungsten), thiab nws pib mus rau emit photons ntawm lub teeb. Vim lub fact tias cov hwj tsis muaj oxygen nyob rau hauv lub cua sov cov txheej txheem yog tsis muaj oxidation ntawm lub tungsten, thiab nws tsis hlawv. Lub inert roj ua rau cov kub hlau hais los ntawm evaporation.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub efficiency ntawm incandescent teeb

efficiency piv qhia tau hais tias yog dab tsi feem pua ntawm lub zog noj yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv pab ua hauj lwm, thiab dab tsi yog tsis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug incandescent teeb efficiency yog tsawg tsawg, vim tsuas 5-10% ntawm lub zog mus rau hauv cov emission ntawm lub teeb, tus so yog tso tawm raws li thaum tshav kub kub.

Efficiency thawj incandescent teeb, qhov chaw uas cov pa roj carbon pas nrig ua incandescent lub cev, txawm me me tshaj niaj hnub no tus pab kiag li lawm. Qhov no yog vim ntxiv losses nyob rau hauv convection. Muab Kauv filament muaj ib sab feem pua ntawm cov losses.

Incandescent teeb efficiency nyob ntawm cov cua kub kub helix. Standard 60 watt incandescent kauv rhuab mus 2700 ° C, tus efficiency ntawm tsuas 5%. Ib tug yuav tsa tau tus nqi ntawm cov cua kub rau 3400 ° C, nce lub voltage, tab sis nws yuav txo tau cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm ntau tshaj 90%, txawm hais tias lub teeb yuav ci zog thiab efficiency yuav nce mus rau 15%.

Tsis ncaj ncees lawm xav tias ua lub teeb fais fab (100, 200, 300 W) tsub kom lub efficiency vim hais tias muaj zog qhov ci ntawm lub ntaus ntawv. Lub teeb yog lub teeb zog vim yog lub hwj chim loj zog ntawm cov kauv nws tus kheej, tab sis raws li ib tug tshwm sim thiab ntau lub teeb tso zis. Tab sis cov nqi zog yog kuj nce. Yog li ntawd, cov ua hauj lwm zoo ntawm incandescent teeb ntawm 100 W yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub chav 5-7%.

Ntau hom qhov muag teeb

incandescent teeb tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam tsim thiab functionality. Lawv muab faib ua teeb pom kev zoo fixtures:

• General daim ntawv thov. Cov no muaj xws domestic siv yaj ntawm txawv zog, tsim los rau mains voltage ntawm 220 V.
• Hniav kev kawm. Lawv muaj ib tug uas tsis yog-tus qauv hom ntawm qhov muag, taws tswm ciab, spheres thiab lwm daim.
• Illuminative hom. Tsis tshua muaj hwj chim teeb nrog rau xim txheej los mus tsim yeeb yuj illuminations.
• Local lo lus uas peb. Ntaus zoo voltage txog li 40 V yog muaj ntaub ntawv rau ntau tus lawm ntxhuav, teeb pom kev zoo hauj lwm tshuab.
• Nrog ib daim iav txheej. Teeb txawb, tsim ib directional teeb.
• Teeb liab hom. Lawv yog siv rau cov chaw ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub dashboards ntawm ntau yam pab kiag li lawm.
• Kev thauj. Ib tug ntau ntawm cov teeb nce durability thiab kev cia siab. Yus muaj los ntawm ib tug xis tsim, piv txwv tias yog ceev hloov.
• Rau projectors. high-power teeb, xeeb mus txog 10,000 watts.
• Rau kho qhov muag kiag li lawm. Teeb txawb rau projectors thiab zoo sib xws kiag li lawm.
• Commutator. Ii li feem ntawm cov LED zaub instrumentation.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo sab ntawm lub teeb nrog incandescent lub cev

Teeb pom kev zoo khoom siv cov glow hom muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv. Nyob rau lub zoo sab yog:

• instant ignition ntawm lub kauv;
• tej kev ruaj ntseg;
• me me luaj li cas;
• tus nqi tsim nyog;
• muaj peev xwm tsim txawv zog kiag li lawm thiab lub operating voltage nqi raws li lub AC thiab DC hwj chim;
• versatility.

tsis zoo:

• Tsis tshua muaj efficiency ntawm incandescent teeb;
• rhiab heev rau voltage surges, txo kev pab cuam lub neej;
• luv luv lub sij hawm ntawm ua hauj lwm cov sij hawm, tsis pub tshaj 1000;
• teeb hluav taws kev ruaj vim lub zog cua sov ntawm lub hwj;
• tsim fragility.

Lwm yam kev teeb pom kev zoo

Muaj cov qhov muag teeb, lub hauv paus ntsiab ntawm kev txiav txim uas yog fundamentally sib txawv ntawm hais tias ntawm incandescent teeb. Cov no muaj xws paug thiab LED teeb.

Los yog arc paug teeb muaj ib tug ntau ntawm, tab sis lawv yog tag nrho raws li nyob rau hauv lub illumination ntawm cov roj nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm ib tug arc ntawm cov electrodes. Luminescence tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ultraviolet spectrum, uas yog ces hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv pom mus rau lub qhov muag tib los ntawm xeem dhau los ntawm lub phosphor txheej.

Cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub paug teeb, muaj xws li ob kauj ruam ntawm lub lag luam: cov tsim thiab tswj ib tug arc paug thiab ionization ntawm cov roj emission ntawm lub teeb. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov hom teeb pom kev zoo fixtures yog cov tam sim no tswj system. Luminescent li muaj ib tug ntau dua efficiency piv nrog rau efficiency ntawm incandescent teeb, tab sis tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb, vim hais tias lawv muaj mercury vapor.

Coj teeb pom kev pab kiag li lawm yog cov heev tshaj plaws systems. Lub efficiency ntawm incandescent teeb thiab LED teeb yog incomparable. Thaum kawg nws nce mus txog 90%. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam yog ua raws li LED illumination ntawm ib tug tej yam semiconductor nyob rau hauv tus ntawm kev nyuaj siab.

Yuav ua li cas tsis nyiam ib tug incandescent teeb

Cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm cov pa incandescent qhov muag yuav raug muab txo yog tias:

1. Lub mains voltage yog lossi siab dhau heev lawm los ntawm lub nominal tseeb rau cov teeb pom kev zoo fixture. Qhov no yog vim lub nce nyob rau hauv cov ua hauj lwm kub ntawm cov cua kub cev thiab, thiaj li, nce evaporation ntawm cov hlau hlau, ua rau nws tsis ua hauj lwm. Txawm tias incandescent teeb efficiency nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav ntev.
2. Sharply co lub teeb thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam. Thaum cov hlau yog liab kub mob li mus kom ze rau lub melting point, thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub lem ntawm lub kauv yog txo vim muaj expansion ntawm lub substance, tej mechanical, cia li zog yuav ua rau qhov muag imperceptible interturn luv luv Circuit Court. Qhov no thiaj li tag nrho cov kuj ntawm lub helix tam sim no, nws muaj txhawb rau nws ntau dua cov cua kub thiab ceev ceev hlawv.
3. Ya tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub rhuab hwj. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm uas nkag mus rau qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv tshwm sim, uas ua khob breakage.
4. Koj cov ntiv tes mus rau lub teeb ntawm lub halogen lub teeb. Halogen teeb yog ib hom ntawm incandescent qhov muag teeb, tab sis muaj ib tug ntau npaum li cas lub teeb thiab cua sov rau tawm. Thaum koj kov lub teeb tseem pom roj stain rau koj tus ntiv tes. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub kub ntawm cov rog yog hlawv kom tsim carbon deposits, uas tiv thaiv tshav kub hloov. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, qhov kov txoj hauj lwm iav pib rau yaj thiab swell los yog tej zaum yuav tawg, tawg cov roj tej yam kev mob rau hauv, uas ua rau yus mus hlawv-helix. Halogen incandescent teeb muaj ntau dua efficiency tshaj dog dig.

Yuav ua li cas los hloov lub teeb

Yog hais tias lub teeb kub tawm, tab sis tsis ua kom puas lub teeb, hloov nws yuav ua tau tom qab ib tug ua tiav txias. Nws yuav tsum tig tawm lub hwj chim. Thaum screwing lub teeb ob lub qhov muag tsis yuav tsum tau xa mus rau nws sab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias koj tua cov hluav taws xob yog tsis tau.

Thaum lub teeb tau lawm, tab sis khaws cia rau hauv tus duab, nws yog ntshaw kom muab ib tug paj rwb ntaub daim ntau quav tso rau hauv ob peb txheej thiab, clasping nws lub teeb, sim tshem tawm cov iav. Tom ntej no, ib tug khub ntawm ciaj nrog insulated leeg ua tib zoo unscrew lub hau thiab hau ntswj lub tshiab muag teev. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsis muaj fais fab mov.

xaus

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov incandescent teeb efficiency yog tsis txaus txaus siab thiab nws muaj ib tug loj hlob tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg sib tw, nws yog yam nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub neej. Muaj txawm lub hiob qhov muag teev tsis tu ncua kev khiav hauj lwm ntau tshaj ib puas xyoo. Yog tsis tau hais tias cov pov thawj thiab cov perpetuation ntawm tus ntse heev tus neeg txoj kev xav, mob siab los mus hloov lub ntiaj teb no?