East European platform: lub duab ntawm ib tus struts. Mineral kev pab ntawm sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe platform

Feem ntau ntawm cov European ncig ntawm Russia, raws li zoo li ib co neighboring lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub continental cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, uas yog hu ua cov sab hnub tuaj-European platform. Landform no feem ntau tiaj tus, txawm hais tias muaj kev zam, uas peb sib tham txog hauv qab no. Qhov no platform yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob nyob hauv ntiaj teb geological formations. Cia wb mus ze zog saib, nws yog ib tug nyem ntawm qhov East European Platform, uas minerals tso nyob rau hauv nws, raws li tau zoo raws li ua li cas yog tus txheej txheem ntawm nws tsim.

thaj chaw

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nrhiav qhov twg xyov yog no geological tag.

East European ancient platform, los yog raws li nws yog hu ua, Lavxias teb sab platform, yog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb teb chaws Europe. Nws occupies feem ntau ntawm cov European ib feem ntawm Russia, raws li zoo raws li lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm cov hauv qab no neighboring lub teb chaws: Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Finland, Sweden, ib feem ntawm Poland, Romania, Kazakhstan thiab Norway.

Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub East-European ancient platform ncua mus rau tsim ntawm lub Caledonian orogeny nyob rau hauv Norway, nyob rau nws cov sab hnub tuaj txwv cov Ural roob, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb - lub Arctic hiav txwv, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb Dub hiav txwv thiab cov Caspian hiav txwv, raws li zoo raws li lub foothills ntawm tus Carpathians, lub Crimea thiab lub Caucasus (Scythian qhov cub).

Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub platform yog hais txog 5500 sq. M. km.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub

Tectonic landforms East European Platform yog cov hiob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ntawm geological formations. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub platform yog tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub pre-Cambrian lub sij hawm.

Ua ntej mus rau tsim ntawm ib tug world- av loj Pangea ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab platform yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib sab av loj - Baltika. Tom qab lub breakup ntawm Pangea platform yog ib feem ntawm Laurasia, thiab tom qab sib cais ntawm cov tom kawg - ib feem ntawm Eurasia, uas yog hnub no.

Thoob plaws hauv lub sij hawm no, tus tsim twb them los ntawm sedimentary pob zeb uas tsim nyob rau hauv no txoj kev lub nyem ntawm qhov East European platform.

lub platform

Zoo li tag nrho cov ancient platforms, lub hauv paus ntawm lub East European yog lub crystalline qab daus. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws tshaj lab xyoo los ua ib tug txheej ntawm sedimentary pob zeb. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv ib co chaw, lub hauv paus los mus rau qhov chaw, txoj kev ua ib tug crystalline panels.

Nyob rau qhov no ib ncig ntawm lub ntaub thaiv npog ob (nyob rau hauv sab qab teb - Ukrainian ntaub thaiv npog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob - lub Baltic ntaub thaiv npog), uas yog sawv cev rau ib tug tectonic phaj daim ntawv qhia.

East European Tiaj

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm nto yog lub East-European platform? landforms yog feem ntau cuam kawb thiab tiaj tus. Nws yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm alternation ntawm tsawg toj (200-300 m) thiab lowlands. Qhov nruab nrab altitude ntawm lub tiaj, uas yog hu ua cov sab hnub tuaj-European, yog 170 m.

Eastern European (los yog Lavxias teb sab) Tiaj yog qhov loj tshaj plaws yam khoom ntawm lub tiaj yam nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws cheeb tsam occupies feem ntau ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab platform thiab yog hais txog 4000 sq. M. km. Nws stretches ntawm cov Baltic Hiav txwv thiab Finland thiab nrog rau lub sab hnub poob mus rau lub Ural Toj siab nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj rau 2500 km, thiab los ntawm cov seas ntawm lub Arctic hiav txwv nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb (Barents thiab dawb) rau cov dub, Caspian thiab Azov seas nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm 2,700 km. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib feem ntawm ib tug txawm ntau loj-scale project, uas yog hu ua tus Great European Tiaj, extending los ntawm lub Atlantic dej hiav txwv thiab cov Pyrenees Toj siab nyob rau hauv Fabkis mus rau lub Ural Toj siab. Raws li hais saum toj no, qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Tiaj yog 170 meters, tab sis nws siab tshaj plaws taw tes nce mus txog 479 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation Bugulma-Bebeley toj nyob rau hauv lub foothills ntawm tus Ural Toj siab.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Ukrainian ntaub thaiv npog, uas yog tseem nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab tiaj, elation muaj yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov zis ntawm crystalline cov pob zeb ntawm lub platform bases nraum zoov. Cov no muaj xws, piv txwv li, Priazovskaya toj, lub siab tshaj plaws taw tes ntawm uas (Belmak-qhov ntxa) yog 324 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj yog lub East-European platform, uas yog heev ancient tectonic lug. Thiab qhov no yog vim tiaj struts.

Lwm yam nyem cov khoom

Tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab Tiaj tsis yog thaj chaw uas muaj cov sab hnub tuaj-European platform. Landform no yuav siv sij hawm thiab lwm hom. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub platform rau ib thaj tsam.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov huab sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub platform nyob rau hauv Norway, Sweden thiab Finland yog lub Baltic crystalline ntaub thaiv npog. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Sweden, nyob Sredneshvedskaya lowland. Nws ntev los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb thiab los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob, feem sib npaug zos rau 200 km thiab 500 km. Altitude no yog tsawg tshaj li 200 m.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Sweden thiab Finland nyob toj siab Norland. Nws qhov siab yog 800 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Upland yog yus muaj los ntawm me me Norwegian qhov chaw uas muaj xws li lub East European platform. Landform ces yuav mountainous cim. Thiab nws tsis yog tsab, txij thaum lub toj rau sab hnub poob maj ua heev tiag tiag roob, kev coj tus kheej lub npe ntawm tus Scandinavian. Tab sis cov no roob twb muab tau los ntawm cov Caledonian orogeny, tsis muaj feem xyuam ncaj qha mus rau cov neeg piav nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas platform raws li qhia nyob rau hauv lub tectonic daim ntawv qhia.

dej

Tam sim no siv ib tug saib lub ntsiab reservoirs uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no platform. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv, dhau lawm, yog cov nyem-yam.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws dej ntawm sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe platform thiab tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe yog cov Volga. Nws ntev yog 3530 km, thiab cov pas dej ua ke cheeb tsam 1.36 lab sq. M. km. Cov dej no ntws los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, thaum nyob rau hauv lub surrounding pawg neeg thaj av txoj kev coj daim ntawv floodplain nyem Russia. Volga empties rau hauv lub Caspian hiav txwv.

Lwm loj dej Lavxias teb sab platform yog lub Dnieper. Nws ntev yog 2287 km. Nws, zoo li lub Volga, ntws los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb, tab sis, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws cov ntev muam, tsis poob mus rau hauv lub Caspian Hiav txwv thiab Dub hiav txwv. Tus dej ntws los ntawm cov chaw uas zoo heev ntawm peb lub teb chaws: Russia, Belarus thiab Ukraine. Nrog hais txog ib nrab ntawm nws kav ntev npaum ntog raws nraim nyob rau hauv lub Ukraine.

Lwm yam loj thiab zoo-paub dej ntws ntawm Lavxias teb sab platform yuav tsum muaj xws li cov Don (1870 km), Nistru (1,352 km), lub yav qab teb kab (806 km), Neva (74 km), tributary ntawm lub Don Donets (1053 km), tributary ntawm lub Volga Oka (1499 km) thiab Kama (2030 km).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, feem ntau sab qab teb-sab ntawm lub platform rau hauv lub dub hiav txwv, tus dej Danube. Qhov ntev ntawm no kuj zoo kawg dej yog 2960 km, tab sis yuav luag tag nws yuav siv sij hawm peb dhau rau ib thaj tsam ntawm txoj kev tshawb platform, thiab tsuas yog lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus Danube nyob rau nws lub teb chaws.

pas dej

Muaj nyob rau hauv lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm Lavxias teb sab platform thiab lub pas dej. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Russia. Nws yog cov teb chaws Europe tus loj tshaj plaws dej tsis qab ntsev pas dej Ladoga (lub cheeb tsam ntawm 17,9 txhiab sq. Km.) Thiab Lake Onega (9.7 txhiab sq. Km.).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Platform nyob Caspian hiav txwv, uas yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog ib lub ntsev lub pas dej. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws dej lub cev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no uas tsis muaj kev nkag tau mus rau lub ntiaj teb no tus dej hiav txwv. Nws cheeb tsam yog 371,0 sq. M. km.

minerals

Tam sim no cia tus xyuas cov zaub mov ntawm lub East European platform. Lub bowels ntawm cheeb tsam no yog nplua nuj heev nyob rau hauv tej khoom plig. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj ntawm Ukraine thiab Russia southwestern yog ib tug ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus loj tshaj plaws thee basins - Donbass.

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Ukraine kuj yog Krivoy Rog hlau thiab manganese Nikopol pas. Cov deposits yog txuam nrog rau kev nkag tau mus rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub Ukrainian ntaub thaiv npog. Ntau hlau khw muag khoom yog nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Kursk Sib Nqus anomaly nyob rau hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los, muaj yog tsis yog ib tug ntaub thaiv npog mus nraum zoov, tab sis crept heev nyob ze rau qhov saum npoo av.

Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Caspian Phiab, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv Tatarstan, muaj haum loj tso ntawm roj. Lawv yog cov tseem nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub yav qab teb roj thiab cov nkev cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv Ukraine.

Nyob rau Kola ceg av qab teb apatite tau tsim ntau lawm rau ib tug muaj scale.

Ua tau, cov no yog cov tseem ceeb minerals ntawm lub East European platform.

Xau ntawm Lavxias teb sab Platform

Fertile av muaj East European platform? Yes, nws yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau fertile xau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb cov av hom muaj nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm Ukraine, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub dub lub ntiaj teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia. Lawv hu ua dub lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog lub feem ntau fertile av nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no.

Hav zoov av fertility, xws li grey, uas yog nyob sab qaum teb ntawm chernozems yog considerably tsawg dua.

General cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub platform

Cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias teb sab nyem txawv heev ib tug loj ntau yam. Cov lawv ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw yog nyob los ntawm cov nras. Cia li East European platform tsim cov teb chaws Europe tus loj tshaj plaws tiaj complex. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub periphery mus nrhiav tau kuj muaj toj siab. Qhov no yog vim lub antiquity ntawm no platform, uas tsis yog orogenic dab thiab weathering smoothed toj ntawd muaj no tsheej lab ntawm lub xyoos dhau los.

Lub cheeb tsam yog foom koob hmoov nrog lossis loj reserves ntawm minerals. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws yog tsim nyog los faib deposits ntawm thee thiab hlau ore, nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm uas lub Lavxias teb sab platform yog ib tug ntawm lub ntiaj teb no cov thawj coj. Muaj kuj reserves ntawm cov roj thiab lwm yam minerals.

Ntawm no yog ib tug general yam ntxwv rau nkawd East European platform, nws topography, minerals muab cia rau hauv lub sab hauv, raws li zoo raws li lub thaj nta ntawm lub cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, qhov no foom koob hmoov rau lub teb chaws, uas muaj nws cov neeg nyob rau tag nrho cov kev pab tsim nyog hais tias yog siv kom zoo, yuav tsum yog tus yuam sij rau txoj kev vam meej.