Decomposition - dab tsi yog qhov no? Decomposition ntawm cov hom phiaj. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "decomposition"

Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv ib tug era ntawm sai hloov cov ntiaj teb no nyob rau ntawm lub pace ntawm cov txheej xwm nyuaj. Yog xav tau tag nrho nws yuav tsum tau kom teev tau cov homphiaj, cov hom phiaj, mus faib thiab delegate. Logic thiab tsom xam - qhov zoo tshaj plaws pab nyob rau hauv kev daws complex teeb meem. Ib tug ntawm cov cuab yeej yog ib zajlus kom dlaim decomposition. Cia peb xav txog nws nyob rau hauv kom meej.

txhais

Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub ntsiab lus ntawm decomposition - ib tug faib ntawm tag nrho cov mus rau hauv Cheebtsam. Nws yog yooj yim zoo nkauj thiab straightforward txheej txheem uas yuav pab txhua txhua hnub mus daws tau txoj teeb meem los ntawm qhia rau lawv raws li lub sum ntawm qhov chaw. Cov zajlus kom kev siv ntawm system decomposition - ib tug scientific cov txheej txheem los mus daws qhov teebmeem loj los ntawm hloov nws ob peb me me thiab yooj yim ua hauj lwm.

Feem ntau, decomposition yog nqa tawm siv ib tug "teeb meem tsob ntoo", "tsob ntoo ntawm cov hom phiaj", "kev txiav txim siab tsob ntoo", "ntoo ua hauj lwm", kev tsim kho ntawm uas tsim ib tug ntshiab hierarchical qauv, xws li ntsug thiab kab rov tav subordination thiab feedbacks.

nta

Lub hauv paus ntawm tej decomposition - yog yam ntxwv subordination rau cov kev cai ntawm txoj kev. Siv thiab tswj tag nrho system ntawm cov kev cai yog cov nram no:

1) Nco ntsoov yuav tsum muaj cai theem system.

Lub decomposition txoj kev yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub subordinate theem sab ntau dua. Qhov no yog tiav los ntawm constructing ib lub xaab siab qauv siv qhov thiaj li hu ua "tsob ntoo".

Thawj ua kom lawv muaj qhov teeb meem tsob ntoo thiab cov hom phiaj tsob ntoo rau kom meej meej thiab visually sawv cev rau tag nrho cov kev pab raws qib uas yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub caij. Nyob rau hauv no mloog lus yuav tsum tau saib zoo li thiaj li hais tias cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug qis theem qhia lub essence ntawm cov kev pab raws qib ntawm ib tug ntau dua theem, thiab tag nrho cov sub-teeb meem yog ib qhov project nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev paub. To taub cov leej thiab ua kom tiav daim duab ntawm qhov feem pua ua tau zoo ntawm cov decomposition ntawm peb tes num los tsuas yog thaum lub hom phiaj tsob ntoo tau sau mus rau 100%.

Coj los ntawm tej yam yooj yim tsim algebra thiab logic, nws yog tseem tau los tsim kom tau ib tug "tsob ntoo thiab" thiab "ntoo los yog".

2) PAUB FAIB tag nrho mus rau hauv qhov chaw yuav tsum tau tsuas tshwm sim rau ib tug feature.

Qhov no txoj ntsiab cai implies hais tias tag nrho cov sub-paub tab yuav raug mus rau ib tug ib lub tswv yim thiab lub hom phiaj. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, cov decomposition tej zaum yuav ib tug kev tsim kho peb tes num. Raws li lub ntsiab lus feature saws ib tug haumxeeb feature, peb tes num yog muab faib mus rau hauv khej. Piv txwv li, tej zaum nws yuav muaj xws li cov nram qab no: kev siv ntawm kev reinforced (QOL) thiab architectural kev daws teeb meem (AR), hlau (cov CM), cov cua kub thiab cua (OS), etc. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov chaw no yuav tsum tau isoleucine los ntawm kev ua, uas yog theem tom ntej ntawm sub-lub hom phaj yuav tsum tau hais yog cov hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, cov cua kub thiab cua seem (S) yog muab faib los ntawm ib tug explanatory ntawv, kos duab, kho kom zoo nkauj, zaj ntawm normative tswj thiab kev soj ntsuam, cov ntaub ntawv, kev saib xyuas, kev hloov raws li cov lus hais thiab li ntawd.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ncej (lub sij hawm) tej zaum kuj yuav siv tau raws li ib tug feature, tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv, cov yam ntxwv nta, ua yam ntxwv, thiab lwm tus neeg.

3) Tag nrho cov subsystems decomposition yuav tsum qhia cov essence ntawm lub system.

Yog hais tias peb xav txog tej yam lub ntsiab hauj lwm raws li 100%, ces tag nrho cov subtasks tau ua tus yam 100% nyob rau hauv tag nrho. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua sub-neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm cov thawj theem muaj ib tug feem pua txoj cai sawv cev rau lub sum ntawm lub thib ob theem subtasks.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub tias tag nrho cov sib cais los ntawm ib theem ntawm subtasks yuav tsum ywj siab ntawm txhua lwm yam, thaum lub sij hawm qib siab ntawm kev pab raws qib nyob rau tib lub ceg yuav tsum tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm dependence thiab tawm tswv yim: cov kev sib tw ntawm ib tug ntau dua theem nyob rau ntawm nws lub subtask thiab vice versa.

4) tob decomposition txoj kev tshawb no yuav tsum tau txiav txim chiv.

Ua ntej koj yuav tsim ib tug hierarchical qauv, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab uas yuav muab lub xeem theem ntawm subtasks. Nyob rau hauv tej zaum nws tsis yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug ntau ntawm ntau ntau, vim lub hom phiaj ntawm decomposition yog visibility. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub hierarchy yog tsim rau lub caij nyoog suav, tus xov tooj ntawm khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum xws li mus qhib ib tug ntsiab ntau yam li sai tau.

kev faib

Rau hnub tim, muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm decomposition. Koj muaj peev xwm tsim koj hom kev kawm rau ib lub project. Txawm li cas los, ib tug ntau dua los yog tsawg raws li lawv muaj feem rau yooj yim, namely decomposition phiaj (thawj thiab siv saib) systems (cov txheej txheem ntawm rhuav lub system mus rau hauv subsystems nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev tshawb thiab tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshwm sim), cov txheej txheem ua hauj lwm (kev npaj hierarchy ua hauj lwm rau los tsis muaj zog cov ntsiab lus thiab cais lub ntsiab thiab qhov tseem ceeb).

Feem ntau, tag nrho cov dab yog ua ke thiab feem ntau sawv cev tag nrho decomposition qauv.

decomposition ntawm cov hom phiaj

Yog xav tau pib, twv teeb meem tsob ntoo thiab cov hom phiaj tsob ntoo. Qhov teeb meem tsob ntoo - yog ib ntu daim duab ntawm cov ntsiab teeb meem, tawg rau hauv lub teeb meem ntawm lub thib ob thiab thib peb theem. Raws li xws li, lawv ua npaum li cas yooj yim los daws kom tau. Tom qab ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tsom xam txog cov teeb meem yog tsim lub hom phiaj tsob ntoo uas yog tso cai tsob ntoo muaj teeb meem. Hais tias yog, rau txhua qhov teeb meem tov yog npaj siab. Qhov no preserves cov qauv twb npaj thiab interdependence subtasks.

tsom xam ntawm qhov kev txiav txim

Decomposition ntawm kev ua hauj lwm - yog ib zajlus kom siv, uas pib thaum qhia los ntawm tag nrho cov hom phiaj thiab txoj kev sib tw thiab yog ib tug xaab qauv ntawm tag nrho cov kev ua yuav tsum tau pom zoo ua los daws kom tau qhov no los yog hais tias qhov teeb meem.

Qhov no logic tso cai rau koj kom paub tias cov milestones, uas yog muaj teeb meem. Txij li thaum subtasks nyob ntawm seb lub high-theem paub tab, cov ua hauj lwm rau hauv cov ntoo tso cai rau koj mus saib tau qhov twg muaj teeb meem thiab shortcomings. Feem ntau vim weaknesses nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm decomposition muaj feem xyuam rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm qib qis.

Piv txwv li, yog hais tias tus buyer yog tsis muaj ntaub ntawv rau lub screws, lub accounting yog tsis tuav account thiab tsis txhob yuav lawv. Thaum kev tsim kho site tag nrho cov tsim nyog nws, vim hais tias cov installers tsis txaus rau nws tus kheej-tapping screws.

classic txais tos

Yog xav paub tsom xam ntawm lug, qhia lawv weaknesses, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb thiab cov lus qhia, paub tab, tej yaam num thiab kev ua ub no nqa tawm decomposition systems.

Lub system yog muab faib horizontally thiab mas mus rau hauv theem. Lawv yuav tsum tsim ib qho tag nrho daim duab ntawm cov qauv. Decomposition tshuab - qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug hierarchy rau tej yam zoo ntawm decomposition.

Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ua lag ua luam

Yuav kom piav qhia txog thiab tsom xam cov kev ua ntawm lub tuam txhab uas muag, raws li ib tug txoj cai, siv cov decomposition txheej txheem. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub hierarchy yuav txiav txim seb lub zog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tuam txhab, qhov chaw uas tsis tshwm sim.

Dab txo lub zuag qhia tag nrho tswvyim thiab analyzed, tom qab uas ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia txog lub tuam txhab.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm decomposition

Raws li ib qho piv txwv, xav txog ib qhov project rau qhov kev siv ntawm capital siv khoom. Txoj kev loj hlob yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov kauj ruam 2: kev khiav hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov qauv ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yuav ua tau tus thawj theem ntawm sub-paub tab. Thaum tus tsim theem, yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm rau lub yees txoj kev tshawb no thiab tej yaam num. Thaum cov ua hauj lwm rau ib kauj ruam tib yam. Qhov thib ob theem subtask. Piv txwv li, peb tes num yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov nram qab no:

• Executive Summary;
• npaj lub koom haum tswvyim av ;
• architectural kev daws teeb meem;
• constructive thiab qhov chaw npaj kev daws teeb meem.

Raws li los ntawm sub-sections:

• hwj chim system;
• dej mov system;
• kua system;
• cua sov, cua thiab cua txias, cua kub tes hauj lwm;
• kev sib txuas lus network;
• gas mov system;
• hauj dlaws.

Sections thiab tswj ntawm peb tes num thiab ua hauj lwm cov ntaub ntawv - qhov no yog qhov peb theem subtasks.

Txhua seem muaj tej yam ua sawv thiab yuav tsum muaj ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv raws li lub xeev cov qauv. Piv txwv li, lub seem ntawm peb tes num hauj dlaws yuav tsum muaj xws li cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub ncauj lus kom ntxaws piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem flowsheet thiab cov khoom txais, lub duab ib feem (kev pab them nqi, khej, layouts), uas tau tsav cov khoom, peb tes num tsim, qhov chaw mus ntsib, dua normative tswj thiab kev tswj, qhov kev tso tawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Nyob rau txhua theem, taw los ntawm lub luag hauj lwm executors, uas ces yuav tsum tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev piv txwv, cov thawj theem ntawm decomposition ntawm lub ua yeeb yam - yog lub taub hau ntawm tus tsim department, lub thib ob - tus thawj engineer ntawm peb tes num (GUI), peb - tsim engineers.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj nta

Decomposition - yog cov qauv ntawm cov formal logic, tswv yim zoo txoj kev tshawb no uas lub ntsiab qhov teeb meem, raws li lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm. Qhov no saib kuas kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm txhua theem nyob rau hauv lub multi-level kev pab raws qib. Qhov no tso cai rau lub project feem ntau nraaj, muaj tsawg heev nyiaj txiag peev thiab kev rau siab.