Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm muaj sia nyob los ntawm tus taw tes ntawm view ntawm science

Cia peb tsom xam cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm muaj sia nyob, xaiv yooj yim tshuaj, uas yog tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov kev loj hlob.

biochemistry

Biochemistry yog qhov kev kawm uas kawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj sia nyob, tsom xam ntawm lawv cov qauv, transformation, faib zog. Nws pib nws tsim nyob rau hauv lub lig puv 19 xyoo pua, thaum lawv yog cov yooj yim cov chav kawm ntawm tshuaj teej tug mus rau nyob beings.

quantitative muaj pes tsawg leeg

Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm lub hlwb uas muaj sia nyob muaj ntau yam hais txog qhov periodic rooj. Nyob rau kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov ntsiab lus yog muab faib ua peb pawg. Lawv feem ntau xa mus rau raws li lub organogenic, vim hais tias yog tsis muaj lawv nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tiav lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug nyob kab mob. Cov ntsiab yog tau tsim covalent bonds, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub nyob ntiaj teb no.

macronutrients

Cov macrocells emit poov tshuaj, phosphorus, magnesium, poov hlau, tshuaj chlorine ua, sulfur, sodium. Cov tshuaj hais tias ua li muaj sia nyob, peb yuav tsum tau xyuas kom meej tias cov kev pauv dab.

micronutrients

Cobalt, molybdenum, zinc, iodine, vanadium, bromine yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, enzymes. Lawv feem pua ntsiab lus yog tsis ntau tshaj 10 feem pua.

ultramicroelements

Kub, nyiaj, platinum yog tseem tam sim no nyob rau hauv uas muaj sia nyob, tab sis lawv muaj pes tsawg yog negligible. Tshuaj hais tias yog nyob rau hauv lub muaj sia nyob tam sim no nyob rau hauv lawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zoo los yog tsis zoo ions. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb rau ntawm tes mov lawv tag nrho cov kev loj hlob, lub creation ntawm tshiab cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj tej acid-alkaline tshuav nyiaj li cas. Li cas rau cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm muaj sia nyob? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees yuav tsum txiav txim rau lub stimulation los yog excitation ntawm lub hlwb, lub theem ntawm metabolism, lub zog tshuav nyiaj li cas.

Cov tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm muaj sia nyob muaj mineral ntsev thiab dej. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv aqueous nruab nrab converting zog pauv tshua tag nrho cov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib sia. Cov dej molecule muaj ib tug dipole qauv, nyob rau hauv uas muaj cov covalent ncov qaumteb qabteb bonds. Hais tias offset electron ceev ntawm hydrogen atoms rau oxygen yog qhov ua rau ntawm lub polarization, uas txhais tau tias cov exceptional tseem ceeb rau dej kab mob. Tsim ntawm cov dej lwg me me tsis muaj zog bonds uas lub zog tsawg covalent bonds yuav luag 20 lub sij hawm. Nrog lawv pab cov nqaijrog thiab nucleic acids uas yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub cev mus rau hauv lwm yam, ib tug txheej txheem nrog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog, nyob rau hauv uas lub cev yuav tsum yog li ntawd. Dej yog ib tug universal hnyav, yog ntawm kev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm tus kab mob, vim hais tias feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov biochemical kev tig cev nqa tawm nyob rau hauv aqueous daws teeb meem.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas muaj sia nyob? Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus inorganic hais, nws muaj ntau ntau lwm yam tshuaj. Piv txwv li, muaj cov tam sim no cov nqaijrog thiab nucleic acids. Nws yog cov organic tshuaj uas yuav tsum tau mus tiv thaiv lub cev. Los ntawm hydrophobic tshuaj uas tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej, yog cov nqaijrog, yuav luag tag nrho cov roj. Ntsuam xyuas cov ntsiab tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm muaj sia nyob, peb nco ntsoov hais tias nws yog dej uas yog txuam nrog rau cov kev cai ntawm lub cev thermal regime. Nws nyob ntawm tus muaj peev xwm ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ceev kub jumps, yuav nqus tshav kub. Qhov no tej khoom vaj tse tso cai rau lub cev yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau cov cua kub, los mus tiv thaiv overheating ntawm lub cev raws li qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub nce nyob rau hauv cov cua. Nws yog vim hais tias cov dej yog ib tug teeb tis ntawm lub zog ntawm cov ntau yam ntaub so ntswg yog ua ib tug tag nrho cov kev ntawm lub tshav kub mus rau tag nrho cov kabmob.

organic muaj pes tsawg leeg

Ntawm cov organic tebchaw tam sim no nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yog ntawm kev tseem ceeb carbohydrates, lipids. Lawv yog cov tebchaw uas yog tsim los ntawm cov macromolecular fatty acids thiab trihydric alcohols - glycerol. Lipid molecules muaj ib tus me luaj li cas ntawm cov qauv. Lawv muaj hydrophobic zog, i.e., tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab tsim colloidal tshuab - emulsion. Lipids txig soluble nyob rau hauv nonpolar organic solvents xws li benzene, chloroform, acetone. Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab zog ntawm lipids? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv - lub zog qhov chaw. Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus organic yam khoom uas yog tau nyob rau hauv vivo muaj nuj nqi ntawm kev tsim kho. Carbohydrates kuj rau lub hauj lwm ntawm lub cev ntawm kev tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus siv, lub zog muaj nuj nqi, lawv yog tsim nyog rau cov stocks ntawm cov as-ham, raws li zoo raws li rau kev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm tau txais cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob. Ntxawg tej zaum ntawm carbohydrates muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntxawg muaj peev xwm, txhais tau tias kev tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Cov nqaijrog thiab nqaijrog yog biopolymers uas muaj txheeb ze molecular loj, nyob rau hauv cov organic seem ntawm cov amino acids uas ua raws li monomers.

Cov nqaijrog yog cov tshuaj hormones lawv yuav tsum tau tswj ntau tseem ceeb heev kev ntawm cov kab mob no. Nyob rau hauv lub cev tseem muaj tshwj xeeb cov nqaijrog - enzymes, uas yog lom catalysts, muaj peev xwm mus nres los yog leeb tshuaj tshua. Paub cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm muaj sia, nws yog ua tau rau koj twv seb nws cov ntsiab zog, zog, nrhiav txoj kev los thov cov kev txawj ntse tau.