Cov hnyuv loj: zog thiab cov qauv

Lub digestive system ntawm ib tug neeg, uas muaj xws li cov nyuv, yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm lug thiab kev khiav dej num ntawm nws cov ntau departments. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau kev tshawb nrhiav digestive mob, uas muaj feem xyuam rau lub timeliness thiab cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm tshuaj cov neeg ua hauj thiab cov hau kev. Nws yog tsis muaj daim card uas nrog lub deterioration ntawm lub ecological ib puag ncig, raws li zoo raws li lub lav cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg mus rau lawv noj qab haus huv, ua kom nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm txoj hnyuv kab mob nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Lawv feem ntau ua mob, txo qhov ntev thiab tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Qhov tsab xov xwm aims mus piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv yooj yim cov ntsiab lus uas cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm lub me me thiab hnyuv loj ntawm tus txiv neej raws li zoo raws li paub nrog cov feem ntau mob nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus mob huam.

General cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub digestive system

Nws ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm muab piv rau ib tug loj heev Hoobkas rau cov kev ntawm cov zaub mov, nws cleavage, assimilation thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv. Txhua department system kev biochemical kev tig cev tshwm sim uas muaj lub arsenal ntawm enzymes thiab biologically active tshuaj, xws li cov vitamins.

Nyuv qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi uas peb kawm, physiologically tau ua lub chaw muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tso pa, plab zom mov, haum thiab tshem tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm lub sab sauv seem. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov nta, thawj xav txog yuav ua li cas txoj hnyuv loj.

txoj hnyuv loj

Nyob rau histological npaj yog kom meej meej pom 4 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: txheej, submucosal, npag thiab serous. Lawv muab lub ntsiab zog ntawm txoj hnyuv loj ntawm tus txiv neej: lub tsim ntawm lymphocytes uas ua si ib tug tiv nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov vitamins B thiab vitamin K nrog pab kab mob muaj, hnoos qeev ntau lawm, pab txoj kev nce qib ntawm chyme. Ib yam ntawm cov loj zog ntawm cov nyuv yog haum ntawm dej thiab cov kev daws ntawm organic thiab inorganic tshuaj, ua rau lub tsim ntawm quav chyme.

Cov morphology ntawm cov nyuv

Nws muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 1.5 m thiab yog muab faib ua rau qhov chaw: cecum nrog appendix, ascending, transverse, nqis thiab sigmoid cov nyuv, thiab qhov quav. Lub xub ntiag ntawm peb longitudinal nqaij strands, dhau los ntawm txoj hnyuv loj, thiab muab mayatnikovoobraznye peristaltic lus nws cov phab ntsa. Nyob rau palpation, cov nyuv yooj yim thiaj paub hais tias vim lawv txheej membrane yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lwm expansion thiab contraction. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg lub nplhaib plob tsis so tswj nqaij yog qhia feem ntau xav. Yog xav paub ntxiv kom tiav kev pab them nqi ntawm cov kev khiav dej num ntawm tib neeg nyuv xav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov thawj seem.

cecum

Nyob rau hauv txoj cai iliac feem ntawm lub peritoneum, nws muaj ib tug ntev ntawm 3 mus rau 10 cm, thiab yog zoo li lub hnab. Los ntawm sab nraum qab ntawm nplooj ntawv ntxiv. Cov phab ntsa hauv cov cecum paim enzymes xws li secretin, los ntawm kev uas nqis chyme. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yog absorbed tshaj dej.

Lus Qhia Ntxiv muaj mikrouzelki kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev kev tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi. Nws kuj yog ib qho active kev loj hlob ntawm pab microflora. Qhov feem ntau heev pathologies xws li typhlitis cecum, appendix, hlav thiab polyps.

Rising thiab transverse nyuv

Lawv yog ib tug continuation ntawm lub cecum thiab tsis paim digestive enzymes, tiam sis tsuas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov haum ntawm dej thiab ntsev daws teeb meem. Qhov no ua rau compaction ntawm lub chyme thiab tsim los ntawm nws cov quav. Cov nyuv, uas nws zog yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov kev khiav tawm ntawm undigested zaub mov residues muaj khoov rau ob sab: txoj cai (daim siab) thiab sab laug (po) muaj feem xyuam rau lub transverse nyuv. nws muaj nuj nqi - hnoos qeev ntau lawm thiab haum ntawm dej thiab electrolytes. Cov kab mob txuam nrog rau ascending nyuv yog diverticulosis, polyps, aganglionarny megacolon (Hirschsprung tus kab mob), mob plab.

Transverse nyuv muaj tus loj tshaj ntev. Los ntawm saum toj no nws yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub siab, gallbladder, tus po thiab txiav tus Tsov tus tw Department. Nws cov phab ntsa tseem yuav tau muab hnoos qeev thiab nqus dej thiab mineral ntsev.

Plab zom mov nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj

Nqa tawm ua tsaug rau cov enzymes ntawm lub plab hnyuv kua txiv: cathepsin, peptidase, lipase, amylase. Lawv ua si yog hais txog 200 lub sij hawm tsawg dua hais tias ntawm lub sib nug xov enzymes hauv cov hnyuv. Tsis tshua muaj neeg tseem ceeb nws yog lub fact. Yuav ua li cas cleavage dab nyob rau hauv cov nyuv yuav tsum tau muaj cov probiotics - pawg kab mob decomposing cellulose. Cov no muaj xws bifidobacteria, lactobacilli.

Nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj ntawm tag nrho cov luj ntawm 3-5 kg thiab yog hu ua cov nyhuv microflora. Nws tsub kom lub tso pa tawm ntawm digestive kua txiv, muaj feem xyuam rau cov protein thiab mineral metabolism, koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Cov nyuv, uas ua peb hu ua, yog ib tug physiologically noj qab nyob zoo yog hais tias nws metabolic kev ntawm fermentation thiab putrefaction balanced. Thaum microflora muaj pes tsawg leeg hloov (e.g., thaum fais fab tsis ua hauj lwm los yog vim cov tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshuaj tua kab mob) yog tshuab txais thiab putrefactive cov kab mob tshwm sim kab mob: mob plab, dysbacteriosis, dyspepsia.

Lub descending thiab sigmoid nyuv

Lub splenic flexure cheeb tsam feem yog hais txog 30 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, uas cuag dab dej electrolyte haum thiab txhawb cov quav. Nws yog hu ua tus nqis nyuv. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub caj arrangement ntawm lub ilium yog ib feem ntawm muaj ib tug sphincter cov ntsiab lus. Tom ntej no, xav txog dab tsi muaj nuj nqi ntawm cov nyuv nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov nyuv department hu ua sigmoid nyuv. Nws yog cov rooj noj. Yog hais tias, thaum lub sij hawm nws palpation rumbling yog hnov, nws txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub sigmoid nyuv mob tshwm sim, los tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov kua txheem thiab roj cua. Nyob rau hauv nws, raws li nyob rau hauv lub transverse cov nyuv, yog feem ntau ib tug yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv kom, uas ua rau yus mus rau lub phenomenon ntawm cem quav - spastic plob tsis so tswj zog ncua. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov qhov chaw ntawm cov nyuv, uas ua - thauj thiab kev khiav tawm ntawm toxins - ntaub ntawv cov quav, ces kis tau mus rau hauv lub qhov quav.

Mob ntawm lub sigmoid muaj teeb meem loj txim rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Thaum nws mob (mob plab los yog sigmoid) thiaj paub hais tias nrog raws plab thiab mob ntswj nyob rau hauv rau sab laug iliac feem ntawm lub peritoneum. Lawv nrog tsam plab thiab belching. Physiologically qub yuav txo tau pendulum thiab cov peristaltic taw nyob rau hauv lub sigmoid nyuv tej zaum yuav nyuab vim muaj ib tug sedentary txoj kev ua neej, kev noj haus, thiab fiber-depleted zaub fibers. Cov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev ua txhaum thiab yog cem quav, uas ua rau yus lom ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv lub sigmoid nyuv, tus tsim gryzhepodobnyh hnab - protrusions, uas ua rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm diverticulosis. Nws yog xav paub ntau ntau nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, nrog rau chim siab plob tsis so tswj syndrome. Nws cov tsos mob muaj xws li alternating cem quav thiab raws plab, xeev siab, ua npaws. Tus kab mob muaj peev xwm yuav nyuab los ntawm ib tug rwj, thiab yog tshwj xeeb yog txaus ntshai.

qhov quav

Nws yog tus kawg ntawm lub digestive kwj dej. Nws nqi mus rau 15 dyne cm. Cov nyuv, uas tso cai nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm tus mob huam yog qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm quav finishes qhov quav kwj dej thiab qhov quav. Lub qhov quav yog tus sphincters: ib tus thawj rau lub ciam teb nrog rau sigmoid cov nyuv, lub nram qab no peb hu ua proximal, sab hauv thiab sab nraud arbitrary. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub physiologically qub txheej txheem ntawm defecation. Cov txheej txheej ntawm lub qhov quav muaj folds nrog indentations, hu ua qhov quav sinuses.

Nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab lub qhov quav yog annular feem - hemorrhoidal cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv nws, ua tsaug rau submucosa txheej, tejzaum nws ib tug me ntsis nro thiab xaav ntawm lub mucosa, densely braided hlab ntsha qhov quav hlab ntsha thiab cov leeg. Txheej qhov quav Vienna twb tsis muaj li qub, li ntawd, nws cov phab ntsa feem ntau cuag - qhov no ua rau stagnation thiab tsos hemorrhoidal cones. Lub lymphatic system ntawm lub qhov quav yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob.

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb soj ntsuam cov qauv thiab cov ntsiab zog ntawm cov nyuv.