Cov ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws - keeb kwm carved nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb. Lub ntsiab yam ntawm ancient Greek tuam tsev

Yog tsis muaj ib tug tsis ntseeg, ib tug loj feem nyob rau tiam tom ntej no muaj kos duab thiab architecture ntawm lub ancient Greeks. Lawv majestic kev zoo nkauj thiab sib raug zoo tau ua ib tug qauv thiab qhov chaw ntawm kev tshoov siab rau cov tom qab eras. Cov ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws yog cov monuments ntawm Hellenic kab lis kev cai thiab kos duab.

Lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm Greek architecture

Hom ntawm Ancient Greek tuam tsev yog zoo kev cob cog nrog lub sij hawm ntawm lawv cov kev siv. Muaj peb epochs nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Greek kos duab thiab architecture.

• Archaic (600-480 gg. BC. E.). Lub Persian invasions.
• Classic (480-323 gg. BC. E.). Lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Tsos Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Lub sij hawm xaus nrog nws txoj kev tuag. Kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias qhov no muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm ntau haiv neeg, uas raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm Alexander tus conquests pib txeem rau tim Nkij teb chaws, coj mus rau poob ntawm lub classical Hellenic kos duab thiab architecture. Cov ancient lub tuam tsev ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, dhau lawm, tsis dim li no txoj hmoo.
• Hellenism (mus txog 30 xyoo BC. E.). Lig sij hawm twb nrog cov Roman conquest ntawm tim lyiv teb chaws.

Tawm ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab qhov chiv keeb ntawm lub tuam tsev

Hellenic kab lis kev cai tau penetrated rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog, Sicily, Ltalis, Tim lyiv teb chaws, North Africa thiab ntau lwm qhov chaw. Qhov tseem ancient Greek tuam tsev mus rau lub archaic era. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub Greeks pib siv es tsis txhob ntawm ntoo lub tsev ntaub ntawv xws li limestone thiab marble. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub tsab rau hauv lub tuam tsev yog lub ancient tsev ntawm lub Greeks. Lawv yog cov lub tsev nrog ob tug kab nyob rau kev nkag. Vaj tse ntawm no hom lub sij hawm, hloov zuj zuj mus rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv.

txheem tsim

Ancient Greek tuam tsev no feem ntau yog tsa rau ib tug staggered hauv paus. Lawv ib lub tsev uas tsis muaj qhov rai, uas twb ncig los ntawm txhua. Hauv muaj ib tug pej thuam ntawm tus Vajtswv. Kem txhawb lub qab nthab kab teeb. Ancient Greek tuam tsev muaj ib tug Gable ru tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub sab hauv, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog dim. Access muaj tsuas yog cov pov thawj. Muaj ntau lub ancient Greek tuam tsev ntawm zoo tib yam cov neeg yuav tsum pom tsuas yog los ntawm sab nraum. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no yog vim li cas lub Greeks them ntau xim rau cov sab nraud tsos ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev teev ntuj.

Greek tuam tsev tau ua raws li cov kev cai. Tag nrho cov ntau thiab tsawg pab, nam piv, qhov ratio ntawm qhov chaw, lub xov tooj ntawm txhua thiab lwm yam lus tau kom meej meej txhais. Ancient Greek tuam tsev ua nyob rau hauv lub Doric, Ionic thiab Corinthian yeej. Cov hlob ntawm lawv yog tus thawj.

doric style

Qhov no architectural style twb tsim raws li thaum ntxov raws li lub qub lub sij hawm. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm simplicity, lub hwj chim thiab ib co ua siab tawv qhawv. Nws lub npe, nws yog yuam ua hauj lwm rau Doric pab pawg neeg, uas yog nws cov founders. Niaj hnub no tseem tsuas yog ib feem ntawm tej tuam tsev. Thas xim rau lawv dawb, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los lub yam ntxwv hais raug them nrog xim, uas crumbled nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub sij hawm. Tab sis cornices thiab friezes muaj ib zaug xiav thiab xim liab. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo vaj tse nyob rau hauv cov style no hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Olympian Zeus. Yuav kom dim tsuas yog tus ruins ntawm no majestic tsev.

ionic style

Qhov no style twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv cov coj cov cheeb tsam ntawm Asia muaj hnub nyoog. Los yeej muaj nws kis tau thoob plaws hauv Hellas. Ancient Greek tuam tsev nyob rau hauv no style yog ntau kev sib raug zoo thiab elegance thaum piv nrog Doric. Sau koj tus foundation rau ib sab. Capital nyob rau hauv nws nruab nrab seem reminiscent ntawm lub tog hauv ncoo, uas fab yog cov mus rau hauv ib tug kauv. Nyob rau hauv no style muaj cov tsis muaj kev cai nruj heev proportions ntawm lub hauv qab thiab saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm cov vaj tse, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Doric. Ib tug kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub qhov chaw hauv lub tsev rau lawv tus kheej ua mene pronounced thiab ntau thawv.

Ironically, suab tsis spare lub monuments ntawm architecture ntawm lub Ionic style nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws nws tus kheej. Tab sis lawv yog zoo khaws cia txawv teb chaws. Ob peb ntawm lawv yog cov nyob rau hauv ltalis thiab Sicily. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo yog lub tuam tsev ntawm Poseidon nyob ze Naples. Nws zoo nkaus li zoo squat thiab hnyav.

Corinthian style

Nyob rau hauv lub Hellenistic lub sij hawm lub architects pib them ntau xim rau cov splendor ntawm lub vaj tse. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub tuam tsev ntawm ancient Greece pib muab lub Corinthian capitals, richly decorated nrog ornaments thiab floral motifs nrog ib tug predominance ntawm acanthus nplooj.

divine txoj cai

Ib daim duab daim ntawv uas muaj lub tuam tsev ntawm ancient Greece, yog tus kom cib fim - tus los saum ntuj txoj cai. Kom txog thaum lub Hellenistic lub sij hawm mere mortals yuav tsis ua lawv tej tsev nyob rau hauv no style. Yog hais tias ib tug txiv neej tau ncig nws lub tsev kab ntawm cov kauj ruam, yuav tau ua nws Gables, nws yuav tau suav hais tias yog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws audacity.

Nyob rau hauv Dorian xeev formations pov thawj cov kev cai txwv tsis pub me nyuam iconic yeej. Lub ceilings thiab phab ntsa ntawm cov pa tsev tau ua, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub pob zeb lug yog lub cib fim ntawm cov gods. Tsuas yog lawv monastery yuav tsum tau muaj lub zog txaus los mus tiv lub sij hawm.

dawb ceev ntsiab lus

Greek pob zeb temples ua nkaus ntawm pob zeb vim hais tias lawv tau raws li nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov division pib - dawb ceev thiab profane. Abode ntawm lub gods yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no. Tuab pob zeb los yog marble phab ntsa hauj lwm pab lawv cov nuj nqis txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tub sab tub nyiag, desecration, lo sib cuag, thiab txawm prying ob lub qhov muag.

acropolis

Lub flowering architecture Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua sis thib 5 ntawd BC. e. Qhov no era thiab nws cov nrhav yog txuam nrog rau cov reign ntawm tus naas ej Pericles. Nws twb thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no ua tau lub Acropolis - ib qhov chaw saum toj, qhov twg tus loj tshaj lub tuam tsev ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tau feeb meej. Cov duab uas lawv muaj peev xwm saib no cov ntaub ntawv uas.

Acropolis nyob rau hauv Athens. Txawm lub ruins ntawm qhov chaw no yuav pom raws li ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog thiab zoo nkauj nws yog ib zaug. Cov toj yog dav heev staircase ua los ntawm marble. Yuav kom nws muaj cai nyob rau hauv lub toj yog ib tug me me tab sis zoo nkauj tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Nike. Lub Acropolis nws tus kheej cov neeg tau txais los ntawm lub rooj vag uas txhua. Mus los ntawm lawv, cov qhua pom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub square, topped nrog ib tug pej thuam ntawm Athena (vajtswv poj niam txawj ntse), uas yog tus patron ntawm lub nroog. Tom ntej no yuav pom heev tham nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho Erechtheion tuam tsev. Nws pom qhov txawv feature yog lub portico, uas protrudes los ntawm cov sab thiab txhawb tsis sib tshooj txheem colonnade thiab marble poj niam saum (karitaidy).

Parthenon

Lub ntsiab tsev ntawm lub Acropolis yog lub Parthenon - ib lub tuam tsev rau rau siab ua Athena Pallás. Nws yog suav hais tias yog zoo meej tshaj plaws qauv tsim nyob rau hauv lub Doric style. Lub Parthenon ua tau txog 2.5 txhiab. Xyoo dhau los, tab sis lub npe ntawm nws creators tau dim. Lub creators ntawm no lub tuam tsev yog Callicrates thiab Iktinos. Hauv nws muaj ib tug duab puab ntawm Athena, uas carved tus poj Phidias. Lub tuam tsev yog ib puag ncig nrog ib tug 160-meter ntev Frieze depicting lub parade ntawm cov neeg nyob ntawm Athens. Nws creator kuj Phidias. Lub Frieze depicts ze li ntawm peb puas cov txiv neej thiab ob puas nees nuj nqis.

kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov Parthenon

Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub tuam tsev yog nyob rau hauv ruins. Qhov no zoo kawg li tus qauv, xws li cov Parthenon, tej zaum, yuav tau dim mus no ib hnub. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th, thaum lub Venetians besieged Athens, chaw sam roj nyob rau hauv lub Turks tau teem nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm ib tug hmoov magazine, thiab cov tawg uas puas lawm no monument ntawm architecture. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 British Elgin coj tuaj rau London feem ntau ntawm cov tseem muaj sia nyob reliefs.

Cov kis ntawm Greek culture raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub conquests Aleksandra Makedonskogo

Alexander tus conquests coj mus rau lub fact tias cov Hellenic kos duab thiab architectural yeej yog kis tau tshaj ib tug loj cheeb tsam. Sab nraum lub loj chaw ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, xws li cov teb chaws Asia Me Pergamon los yog Alexandria nyob rau hauv Egypt tau tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov zos, kev tsim kho kev ua tau mus txog unprecedented proportions. Lawm, lub tej yam loj loj nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho muaj lub architecture ntawm ancient Greece.

Temples thiab tombs nyob rau hauv cov chaw no yuav tsum ua nyob rau hauv lub Ionic style. Interestingly qauv Hellenic architecture yog loj loj mausoleum (tombstone) Maussollos huab tais. Nws twb suav nrog lub xya loj tshaj kev xav ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Ib tug interesting tseeb yog tias qhov kev siv coj tus huab tais nws tus kheej. Mausoleum burial chamber yog siab rau lub lub hauv qab, surrounded los ntawm cov kab. Saum toj no nws stands rau Kauj ruam Hauv ntawm pob zeb. Nws yog surmounted los ntawm cov duab ntawm Quadriga. Los ntawm lub npe ntawm cov lug (mausoleum) nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tam sim no hu lwm grandiose funerary qauv.