Commutator lub cev muaj zog. Universal commutator lub cev muaj zog

Commutator lub cev muaj zog yog ib tug synchronous fais tshuab nyob rau hauv uas tus tes hloov qhov tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub winding thiab rotor txoj hauj lwm sensor yog tsim raws li ib tug thiab tib yam ntaus ntawv - txhuam-collector unit. Qhov no ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau muaj ntau hom.

hom

Commutator lub cev muaj zog DC nquag muaj xws li nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg hais xws li:

- ib tug peb-ncej rotor rau tus nqi rau bearings;

- ib tug ob-ncej stator nrog tas cov hlau nplaum;

- tooj liab phaj raws li ib tug collector txhuam los ua ke.

Cov teeb no yog raug rau feem ntau muaj hwj huam daws teeb meem uas yog siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cov khoom ua si uas tsis yuav tsum tau ntau lub hwj chim. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau haib xyaw nrog ob peb yam ntxwv hais:

- Plaub graphite txhuam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov collector los ua ke;

- ib tug rotor nrog ntau tug rau cov menyuam bearings;

- stator ruaj khov magnet nrog plaub tug.

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, lub cev muaj zog apparatus ntawm lub hom siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub tsheb kiv cua tsav tshuab thiab siv cua txias cua tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws twj, thiab lwm yam hais txog lub janitors. Tseem muaj ntau tshaj txoj kev sibtham.

Tsav hwj chim ntawm ob peb puas watts yog siv raws li ib feem ntawm ib tug plaub-ncej stator, ua los ntawm electromagnets. Rau kev twb kev txuas ntawm nws windings yuav siv ib qho ntawm ob peb txoj kev:

- Ua raws li cov rotor. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug siab tshaj plaws torque, tab sis vim lub high kaw ceev yog ib tug uas yuav ntawm engine kev puas tsuaj.

- Nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov rotor. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub turnover tseem ruaj khov nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev hloov load, tab sis lub siab tshaj plaws torque yog noticeably me me thiab.

- Mixed excitation thaum lub winding yog kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series thiab ib feem nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub neej coj zoo ntawm yav tas los embodiments. Siv hom tsheb rau starters.

- ywj siab excitation, uas siv ib daim fais fab mov. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov yam ntxwv yog tau, coj mus rau ib tug thaum uas tig mus kev twb kev txuas. Siv qhov kev xaiv no yog heev tsawg.

Commutator lub cev muaj zog muaj ib co zoo: lawv yog cov yooj yim los tsim, kho, ua hauj lwm, thiab lawv cov kev pab lub neej yog txaus loj. Raws li drawbacks feem ntau faib raws li nram no: zoo tsim ntawm xws li yog feem ntau nizkomomentnymi Fleet thiab yog li ntawd feem ntau drives yuav tsum tau installation ntawm Gearboxes. Qhov no daim ntawv qhia yog tsis txhaum, vim hais tias cov hluav taws xob tshuab, teem nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj kev ceev, yus muaj los ntawm understated efficiency, raws li zoo raws li txuam nrog cov cua txias teeb meem. Qhov kawg xws li hais tias lawv yog yooj yim mus nrhiav tau ib tug muaj kuab heev tov.

Universal commutator lub cev muaj zog

Qhov no embodiment yog ib tug variation ntawm lub collector tam sim no ntawm lub tshuab yog lossi muaj peev xwm ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tib neeg thiab alternating tam sim no. Tus ntaus ntawv yog thoob plaws nyob rau hauv tej yam hom khoom vaj khoom tsev thiab tes cov cuab yeej vim yog lawv cov me me luaj li cas, me me luj, uas tsis muaj nqi thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ceev cov kev cai. Heev feem ntau nws tshwm sim raws li ib tug traction tshuab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States thiab cov European railways. Koj yuav saib tau lub cev muaj zog tsev.

tsim nta

Rau ib tug zoo kev nkag siab ntawm qhov teeb meem yuav tsum coj ib tug los ze zog saib, uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia ntaus ntawv. hom universal collector lub cev muaj zog yog ib tug DC ntaus ntawv muaj ib tug series-kev cob cog rua teb Winding optimized rau AC tsev neeg fais fais fab network. Tsav kev sib hloov yog nyob rau hauv ib tug coj, tsis hais txog ntawm lub polarity. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub series kev twb kev txuas ntawm lub windings ntawm lub stator thiab rotor tau nyob rau hauv ib tug simultaneous kev hloov ntawm cov magnetic tug, thiab yog li lub resultant lub sij hawm ntawd yog qhia nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev coj.

Yuav ua li cas yog nws ua?

Lub commutator AC tsav yuav siv ntawm ib tug stator qauv ntawm ib tug magnetically mos cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ib tug me me hysteresis. Yuav kom txo tau losses , eddy currents, no lub caij no yog ua los ntawm stacked daim hlau uas rwb thaiv tsev. Raws li ib tug subset ntawm lub AC commutator machines cai kom paub qhov txawv aggregates pulsating tam sim no tau los ntawm muab daws kom tiav ib zaug xwb-theem Circuit Court tam sim no tsis muaj smoothing lub mem.

Commutator lub cev muaj zog AC yog feem ntau yus muaj los ntawm xws li ib tug feature: lub idle- inductive kuj ntawm stator windings tsis pub ib tug tam sim no rau haus ntau tshaj ib tug tej yam kev txwv, nws txwv thiab ntau lub cev muaj zog torque rau 3-5 nyob rau hauv nominal. Approximation ntawm tus neeg kho tshuab cov yam ntxwv tiav los ntawm kev siv muab faib rau ntawm lub stator windings - ib tug neeg tshawb pom yog siv los txuas rau lub AC.

Heev ib tug yooj yim ua hauj lwm fraught nrog haib switching commutator tshuab AC. Thaum lub caij thaum lub nruab nrab seem kis, ib tug sib nqus teb uas yog nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nrog rau lub rotor, hloov nws kev taw qhia, thiab qhov no yuav ua ib generating seem reactive electromotive quab yuam. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum khiav rau AC fais fab. Lub collector AC tshuab kuj yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw reactive EMF. Tam sim ntawd lom thiab transformer emf vim hais tias cov rotor yog nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb ntawm lub stator, pulsing nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm. Mos pib ntawm lub commutator lub cev muaj zog yog tsis tau, vim hais tias nyob rau ntawm no point lub amplitude ntawm lub tshuab yuav tsum lub siab tshaj plaws, tab sis raws li koj tau los ze zog mus rau lub synchronism ceev yog xwm yeem mus rau poob. Nrog ntxiv acceleration yuav kos tus cim rau ib tug tshiab nce. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm switching nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog muaj ob peb tshwm sim los muaj cov kauj ruam:

- Tus tsim yuav tsum tau muab ua ntej rau ib tug ib leeg-tig seem, li no kom txhob muaj cov ndlwg ntawm cov clutch.

- Cov kuj seem yuav tsum tau ntxiv, rau cov uas qhov tseem pheej hais yog resistors nyob rau hauv lub collector daim hlau qhov chaw uas muaj yog ib tug zoo txias.

- Collector yuav tsum nquag podshlifovyvatsya txhuam tshaj plaws hardness nrog lub siab tshaj plaws kuj.

- reactive electromotive quab yuam yuav compensated los ntawm kev siv ntxiv tug nrog successive windings, thiab thaum uas tig mus winding ntawm transformer pab tau rau raug mob ntawm EMF. Txij li thaum tus nqi ntawm lub xeem parameter yog ib tug muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub angular ceev ntawm lub rotor thiab cov magnetizing tam sim no, xws windings yuav tsum tau qhev cai, uas yog tseem tsis tau ua ib ke.

- zaus mov circuits yuav tsum ua raws li tsawg li sai tau. Cov feem nrov xaiv yog 16 thiab 25 Hz.

- Reversal hnab ua los ntawm txoj kev switching lub polarity switching ntawm lub stator windings los yog rotor.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo

Kev sib piv, lub nram qab no tej yam kev mob: Cov pab kiag li lawm kev cob cog rua rau lub tsev hluav taws xob network nrog ib tug voltage ntawm 220 volts thiab ib zaus ntawm 50 Hz, lub cav fais fab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog tib yam. Qhov txawv nyob rau hauv cov neeg kho tshuab cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus ntaus ntawv yuav tsum muaj ib tug disadvantage los yog kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv dab tsi uas yuav tsum tau ua ntawv thov mus rau lub Actuator.

Yog li, lub collector AC tsav: meej mom nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lub DC unit:

- Cov menyuamuas nyob rau hauv lub network yog nqa tawm ncaj qha, uas tsis muaj kev xav tau kev pab ntxiv Cheebtsam. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug DC tshuab yuav tsum tau wires.

- Pib-up tam sim no yog me npaum li cas, uas yog tseem ceeb heev rau pab kiag li lawm siv nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

- Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug tswj Circuit Court ntaus ntawv nws yog yooj yim npaum li - thiab thyristor dimmer. Yog hais tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob no yuav tsim lawv, cov collector electric tsav, tus nqi uas nyob rau ntawm lub hwj chim thiab ntau yam los ntawm 1,400 rubles thiab ntau, yuav nyob twj ywm ua hauj lwm, tab sis yuav tam sim ntawd yuav hloov mus rau tag nrho cov hwj huam.

Tseem muaj ib co tsis zoo:

- Vim losses nyob rau hauv lub stator inductance reversal thiab zuag qhia tag nrho efficiency yog markedly txo.

- Maximum torque yog tseem txo.

Electric motors, ib leeg-theem collector muaj tej yam zoo nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog induction:

- compactness;

- lub qhaj ntawv losis tswvyim dabtsi rau lub network zaus thiab rapidity;

- tseem ceeb torque;

- ib tug proportional yuav txo tau ntawm revolutions thiab nce nyob rau hauv lub automatic hom, raws li zoo raws li ntau zog torque raws li lub load nce, lub voltage tseem unchanged;

- ceev tswj yuav ua tau tus tshaj ib tug ncaj ntau yam los ntawm varying lub mov voltage.

Tsis zoo piv nrog rau asynchronous lub cev muaj zog

- thaum lub load ceev yuav tsis ruaj tsis khov;

- txhuam-commutator los ua ke ntaus tsis heev txhim khu kev qha (qhov yuav tsum tau rau siab tshaj plaws txhuam ho thiaj li pab);

- AC switching ua mob loj heev arcing nyob rau collector, yog li tsim cuam;

- siab suab nrov theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm;

- lub collector yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm qhov chaw, ua rau lub engine yog heev loj heev.

Niaj hnub nimno collector lub cev muaj zog yog yus muaj los ntawm cov kev pab commensurate nrog lub possibilities ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab zog thiab ua hauj lwm lub cev.

lwm yam kev sib piv

Thaum muab piv rau cov collector thiab asynchronous motors muaj sib npaug zos hwj chim, tsis hais tus nominal zaus ntawm lub yav tas, nws yog tau sib txawv yam ntxwv. Tom ntej no yuav tsum tau piav nyob rau hauv kom meej. Universal commutator lub cev muaj zog siv ib tug "mos mos" kev ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, torque yog ncaj qha xwm yeem mus rau load rau tus ncej, thaum nws puv inversely. Nyob torque yog feem ntau tsawg tshaj li lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm 3-5. Tswj lub kaw ceev nws yog yus muaj los ntawm exceptional losses nyob rau hauv lub cav, yog li thaum cov haib tshuab tsis loading nws yuav raug rhuav tshem.

Ib tug yam ntxwv ntawm lub induction lub cev muaj zog yog ib tug 'kiv cua, i.e. lub tsev tswj cov kev ceev approximating lub nominal tshaj plaws lub sij hawm ntawd nce sharply nrog ib tug me ntsis txo nyob rau hauv ceev. Yog hais tias peb yuav sib tham txog ib tug tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev hloov no qhov taw qhia, lub cev muaj zog torque tsis yog tsuas yog loj hlob, tab sis dauv mus pes tsawg, uas ua rau yus mus rau ib tug ua tiav halt. Kaw ceev me ntsis ntau tshaj li qhov nominal, thaum uas seem qhov. Yam ntxwv ntawm ib leeg-theem induction lub cev muaj zog yog ib qho ntxiv txheej ntawm cov teeb meem txuam nrog rau lub lub community launch, txij li thaum nws tsis tsim ib tug pib torque nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob. Lub magnetic teb ntawm ib tug ib leeg-theem stator, pulsing nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, yog muab faib ua ob lub teb nrog opposite theem, vim hais tias ntawm cov uas pib tsis muaj tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm tricks yuav tsis yooj yim sua:

- muaj peev xwm, tsim dag theem;

- phua zawj;

- kuj txoj kev dag theem.

Raws teb rotating nyob rau hauv opposite theem thiaj li lub siab tshaj plaws efficiency ib leeg-theem induction tshuab 50-60% vim losses nyob rau hauv lub nqus system thiab supersaturated windings ua raws li counter teb tsaws ntxhee. Nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv tib ncej yog ob fais tshuab, nrog rau ib kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog hom thiab lwm yam - tus txheem hom. Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub electric motors Ib leeg-theem collector tsis paub cov neeg sib tw nyob rau hauv lawv cov hauj lwm. Thiab qhov no tau nyiaj xws li ib tug siab chaw.

Neeg kho tshuab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog muab nws ib tug cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv. Tsis tshua muaj ceev, tsis pub zaus AC ua asynchronous zoo xws li cov hwj chim aggregates loj nyob rau hauv loj thiab nyhav piv nrog universal collector. Txawm li cas los, thaum incorporated rau hauv ib lub hwj chim inverter Circuit Court nrog ib tug high school cov zaus yuav ua tau tiav piv loj thiab nyhav. Nws tseem nruj txhua yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev muaj zog, uas yog ntxiv tokopreobrazovanie tsis raws li nce zaus, muaj zog nqus thiab inductive losses.

Analogs tsis muaj tus collector ntawm

Commutator lub cev muaj zog muaj ib tug analog AC, uas yog ze tshaj rau nws nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntxwv, - tus valve, wherein txhuam-commutator los ua ke los hloov lub inverter nruab nrog ib tug rotor txoj hauj lwm sensor. Nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob analog ntawm no lub tshuab siv lub nram qab no system: ib tug rectifier, synchronous lub cev muaj zog nrog ib tug sensor ntawm angular txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub rotor, ua ke nrog ib tug inverter. Txawm li cas los, cov muaj nyob rau hauv lub rotor tas mus li hlau nplaum ua rau ib tug txo ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws torque thaum cov lus me me.

hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lag luam

commutator lub cev muaj zog ntaus ntawv qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas lub ntaus ntawv converts hluav taws xob lub zog mus rau hauv cov neeg kho tshuab zog thiab vice versa. Qhov no qhia tau ntawm nws siv raws li ib tug generator. Nws yog ib nqi xav tias cov collector lub cev muaj zog nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej, lub Circuit Court uas yuav qhia tau tias nws cov tuition.

Cov kev cai ntawm physics hais kom meej meej hais tias thaum ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm ib tug neeg xyuas pib nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb, tej yam rau nws ntawm ib tug tej lub dag lub zog. Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo, muaj ib tug tib ntxim rau cov lub cev muaj zog lub hwj chim. Commutator lub cev muaj zog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no yooj yim hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Physics qhia rau peb hais tias lub hauv paus rau lub creation ntawm pab tej yam uas yog me ntsis kev cai. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau txoj kev kom ib tug ncej uas rotates nyob rau hauv ib tug sib nqus teb, ua rau nws tau los mus tsim ib tug collector lub cev muaj zog. Lub tswvyim qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub magnetic teb ntawm tus khub ntawm conductors yog muab tso rau, ib tug tam sim no uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia, thiab chaw pib lub quab yuam dhau lawm. Lawv sum muab qhov yuav tsum tau torque. Tus ntaus ntawv ntawm lub electric tsav yog ntau npaum li cas tham, vim nws ntxiv ib tug tag nrho ntau yam ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, nyob rau hauv particular, tus collector uas qhia tib yam li tam sim no cov kev taw qhia tshaj cov tug. Lub unevenness ntawm kev kawm tau raug tshem tawm los ntawm npaj ob peb coils rau lub armature, thiab mus tas li hlau nplaum tau hloov nrog kauj, uas tso cai rau peb kom tsis txhob muaj tus xav tau ib tug DC. Nws yog ua tau yuav muab ib tug tib cov kev taw qhia ntawm torque.

Kho ntawm electric motors nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes

Zoo li lwm yam kev ntaus ntawv, qhov no unit yuav tsis yog vim li cas. Yog hais tias lub electric tsav, ib tug yees duab uas koj yuav pom nyob rau hauv peb cov kev saib xyuas tsis muaj peev xwm hu rau yam xov tooj ntawm koj lem, los yog thaum nws yog pib yog tsis xa cov ncej koj xav mus xyuas, tsis kub yog hais tias nws fuses, yog tsis muaj so nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob Circuit Court ntawm lub armature, yog hais tias tus ntaus ntawv nws tus kheej yog overloaded. Heev feem ntau tshooj ua mus tsis meej tam sim no noj qhov tseem ceeb. Yuav kom daws tau qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum ua tib zoo xyuas tus neeg kho tshuab kis tau tus mob thiab tus nres, thiab ces tshem tawm cov ua ntawm congestion.

Tus ntaus ntawv ntawm lub cev muaj zog xws li hais tias ntawm startup nws kov ib tug tej yam amperage. Yog hais tias nws yog ntau dua qhov nominal tus nqi, nws yuav tsum tau mus xyuas lub taub hau ntawm txuas thaum uas tig mus thiab serial windings txheeb ze rau txhua tus lwm yam, raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub rheostat. Thaum yog kho ntawm electric motors nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes, feem ntau tso cai heev yuam kev. Nyob rau hauv kev, shunt windings yuav kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series nrog ib tug hluav taws xob kuj rheostat, los yog kev cob cog rua rau ib tug ncej ntawm lub mains.

Taub hau tub xam nyiaj txuas lub kev khiav hauj lwm winding excitation yog tsim los ntawm txuas ib kawg ntawm lub shunt winding hlua, thiab lub thib ob - ib tug hluav taws xob neeg xyuas pib txuas los ntawm cov arc rheostat. Feem ntau tus ntoo khaub lig-section ntawm qhov hluav taws xob neeg xyuas pib me ntsis me me tshaj lwm tus, ces nws yuav raug kuaj tsis megger. Tom qab xa rau lub hwj chim mus thiab rheostat ua haujlwm slider rau hauv nruab nrab txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub dawb xaus ntawm lub tau txais lub hwj chim. Los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm ib tug tswj teeb yog ua successively scans tag nrho cov conductive xaus. Thaum koj kov ib tug ntawm lawv, lub teeb yuav tsum taws, thiab lwm yam - tsis muaj. Yog li ntawd tag nrho cov kev tshuaj ntsuam lub cev muaj zog. Tus nqi ntawm cov ua hauj lwm ua yuav nyob ntawm seb hom ntawm kev puas tsuaj mus rau lub chav tsev.

Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam tus xov tooj ntawm revolutions yog cai, uas yog tsawg tshaj li nominal, lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog feem ntau raws li nram no: ib tug me me network voltage, overload pab kiag li lawm, ib tug loj exciting tam sim no. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis haumxeeb nyob rau hauv cov xwm rov qab yog yuav tsum tau mus xyuas lub excitation fais Circuit Court, rau tshem tawm tag nrho kuaj tsis xws luag, ces nws yog tau mus nrhiav kom tau tus li qub tus nqi ntawm lub excitation tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, tej zaum koj yuav xav tau rau rewind electric motors.

Thaum qhov ua rau inoperability chav tsev yog erroneous conjugation thaum uas tig mus thiab tshwm sim los excitation windings yog yuav tsum tau tig los qhov tseeb kev txiav txim ntawm kev twb kev txuas. Yog hais tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los mus tshem tawm xws li ib tug teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim yam tej zaum yuav tsum tau rewind electric motors. Yuav tsum tau daim tshev nqi thiab voltage nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob network, txij thaum lub nce nws nominal qhia ntaus ntawv ceev yuav muab ntau zog.