Ancient Greek architecture: ntsiab thiab nta

Ancient Greek architecture muaj ib tug enormous tej yam nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm tom ntej muaj hnub nyoog. Nws yooj yim lub tswv yim thiab philosophy mus tas li anchored nyob rau hauv lub sawv ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Yuav ua li cas yog nthuav txog lub ancient Greek architecture? Kev txiav txim system, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nroog npaj thiab cov creation ntawm theaters yog piav tom qab nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws - ib tug ancient civilization, uas muaj ntau ua li khiav ri nroog-states. Nws npog lub thaj ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog, sab qab teb ntawm lub Balkan ceg av qab teb, lub Aegean Islands tuaj, raws li zoo raws li lub yav qab teb Ltalis, Sicily thiab Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam.

Lub architecture ntawm ancient Greece muab sawv mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov style thiab ua lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv lub architecture ntawm lub Renaissance. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob feem ntau qhov txawv ob peb theem.

• Homeric lub sij hawm (mid XII - nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua VIII BC ...) - tshiab cov ntaub ntawv thiab nta raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav tas los Mycenaean lig kev cai. Lub ntsiab vaj tse twb lub tsev nyob thiab cov thawj lub tuam tsev, ua los ntawm av nplaum, av thiab ntoo. Muaj thawj tej hub qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub décor.
• Archaic (VIII - V nyob rau hauv thaum pib, 480 th U.Nt.Y. ....). Nrog rau cov tsim ntawm cov kev cai, tshiab pej xeem vaj tse. Lub tuam tsev thiab lub cheeb tsam nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws ua qhov chaw ntawm lub nroog lub neej. Cov kev siv ntawm lub pob zeb uas yog siv feem ntau: limestone, marble, Terracotta cladding. Nws muaj ntau hom ntawm lub koom txoos. Doric prevails.
• Classic (480 - 330 U.Nt.Y. ...) - flourishing. Tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv Greek architecture koom tsim thiab txawm compositionally kev cob cog rua nrog txhua lwm yam. Muaj cov thawj theaters thiab suab paj nruag halls (odeyony), tsev nrog porticoes. Tsim cov kev tshawb xav ntawm txoj kev thiab blocks layout.
• Hellenism (330 - 180 U.Nt.Y. ...). Ua theaters thiab pej xeem vaj tse. Greek style ntawm architecture yog complemented los ntawm oriental ntsiab. Yeej los ntawm cov hniav, khoom kim heev thiab opulence. Feem ntau cov feem ntau siv Corinthian kev txiav txim.

Nyob rau hauv 180, tim Nkij teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub nroog Loos. Faj tim teb chaws ntxias kom nws capital lub sab saum toj kws tshawb fawb thiab masters of art, borrowed los ntawm cov Greeks, ib co kev cai lig kev cai. Yog li ntawd, lub ancient Greek thiab Roman architecture muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws, xws li nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev los yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim system.

Philosophy architecture

Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntawm lub neej ntawm lub ancient Greeks nrhiav mus cuag kev sib raug zoo. Tswv yim txog nws twb tsis yog vague thiab theoretical. Nyob rau hauv ancient Greece, qhov sib raug zoo tau hais tseg raws li ib tug ua ke ntawm tuned proportions.

Lawv tau siv rau tib neeg lub cev. Kev zoo nkauj yog tsis tsuas ntsuas "los ntawm qhov muag", tab sis qhob nuj nqis. Yog li ntawd, sculptor Polycleitus nyob rau hauv nws treatise "Lub Canon" muab tseeb tsis rau qhov zoo tagnrho txiv neej thiab poj niam. Kev zoo nkauj yog ncaj qha mus txuas rau hauv lub cev thiab txawm sab ntsuj plig noj qab haus huv thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm tus neeg.

Cov tib neeg lub cev twb ntshai li tsim cov ntsiab lus uas zoo kawg nkaus haum rau txhua lwm yam. Ancient Greek architecture thiab cov duab puab, nyob rau hauv lem, nrhiav kom maximally yoog mus rau notions ntawm kev sib raug zoo.

Qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab rho sib haum mus rau rau saum notion ntawm "txoj cai" lub cev thiab nws tsis. Saib ntawm lub sculptures yog feem ntau propagated qhov zoo tagnrho txiv neej: sab ntsuj plig, noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua si. Lub architecture ntawm anthropomorphism twb manifested nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm kev ua (lub luj tshib, tes) thiab nyob rau hauv proportions uas tau muab los ntawm cov proportions ntawm daim duab.

Tib neeg kuas yog kem. Lawv foundation los yog puag nrhiav tau nrog tus taw, lub cev - nrog ib lub cev, capital - nrog nws lub taub hau. Ntsug grooves, los yog flutes nyob rau txhua ntawm lub pob tw yog cov khaub ncaws folds.

Lub ntsiab kev txiav txim ntawm ancient Greek architecture

Hais txog qhov kev zoo achievements ntawm engineering thought yuav tsis txawj hais lus nyob rau hauv ancient Greece. Complex designs thiab cov kev daws ces tsis siv. Tuam tsev ntawm lub sij hawm yuav muab piv nrog rau cov megaliths, uas ntog ntawm lub pob zeb txhawb nqa pob zeb beam. Lub greatness ntawm ancient Greek architecture thiab nta yog, saum toj no tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv nws cov zoo nkauj thiab kho kom zoo nkauj.

Artistry thiab philosophy ntawm lub tsev pab txhais nws thiaj los post-thiab-beam arrangement ntawm hais nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam style thiab yam. Muaj peb theem pib hom ntawm kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv Greek architecture:

• doric;
• ionic;
• Corinthian.

Lawv tag nrho cov muaj ib qho txheej ntsiab, tab sis differed nyob rau hauv lawv qhov chaw nyob, zoo thiab qhia txog yam tshiab. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub Greek thiaj yog nkag mus stereobate, stylobate entablature thiab Cornice. Stereobate sawv cev ib kauj ruam saum toj no lub hauv paus puag. Ces ua raws li stilobat los yog kem.

Entablature twb nqa los ntawm ib sab nyob rau hauv lub kab. Lub sab beam uas so tag nrho entablature yog hu ua tus architrave. Nws twb nyob ib Frieze - ib tug zoo nkauj daim nruab nrab. Lub sab qaum kev ib lub entablature - eaves, nws loomed tshaj rau lwm qhov chaw.

Chiv Greek architecture ntsiab yog tsis tov. Ionic entablature mus tsuas yog nyob rau Ionic txhua, Corinthian - lub Corinthian. Ib tug style - rau ib tug hluas tsev. Tom qab erection Iktinos Callicrates thiab cov Parthenon nyob rau hauv V xyoo pua BC. e. Orders pib sib tov thiab muab tso rau hauv sab saum toj ntawm txhua lwm yam. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv ib tug txiav txim: ua ntej, lub Doric, Ionic thiab ces, thiab ces lub moos Kaulinthaus.

doric order

Doric thiab Ionic Greek txiav txim nyob rau architecture yog cov ntsiab. Dorian system twb tus nais khu mas nyob rau hauv lub mainland thiab tau txais lub Mycenaean kab lis kev cai. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm monumental thiab me ntsis cumbersome. Tsos kev cai qhia twj ywm grandeur thiab brevity.

Doric kem uas tsis muaj. Lawv tsis muaj lub hauv paus, thiab lub cev muaj zog thiab tapers upwards. Abaca, Upper lub kaus mom, muaj ib tug square zoo lawm thiab cov lus dag nyob rau hauv ib tug yeej backwater (Ehin). Flutes, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog nees nkaum. Kws kes duab vajtse Vitruvius piv txhua ntawm kev txiav txim no nrog ib tug txiv neej - muaj zog thiab khi.

Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim entablature yeej ib txwm tau mus kawm lub architrave, Frieze thiab Cornice. Freese twb sib cais los ntawm lub txee thiab architrave muaj li ntawm triglyphs - elongated voos nrog flutes uas lwm nrog metopes - me ntsis recessed square daim hlau los yog tsis muaj sculptures ntawm lawv. Friezes ntawm lwm yam kev txiav txim tau triglyphs nrog lub metopes.

Nyob rau triglyphs paib feem ntau cov tswv yim zog. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm hais tias nws sawv cev rau lub xaus ntawm lub beams uas pw rau ntawm lub sanctuary phab ntsa. Nws tau nruj me ntsis xam tsis thiab txhawb cov eaves thiab rafters. Nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm cov hiob vaj tse ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub xaus ntawm triglyphs metopes yog tsis muaj thiab nyob twj ywm lawm.

ionic thiaj

Ionic thiaj system tau ntawm kev ncua mus rau lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm cov teb chaws Asia muaj hnub nyoog, nyob rau hauv Attica, thiab nyob rau hauv cov Islands tuaj. Cawv rau nws muaj Phenicia thiab Persia ahemedinskaya. Ib tug tiag tiag li piv txwv ntawm no style yog lub tuam tsev uas Artemis ntawm Ephesus thiab lub tuam tsev ntawm Hera nyob rau hauv Samos.

Ionica txuam nrog rau cov duab ntawm cov poj niam. Yuav kom txiav txim tau yus muaj los ntawm cov hniav, lightness thiab finesse. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog lub peev, tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug volute - symmetrically txheej txheem curls. Abacus thiab echinus dai kom zoo nkauj nrog carvings.

Ionic txhua yog thinner thiab ntau slender tshaj ib tug Doric. Nws puag so nyob rau ib tug square phaj thiab twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog convex thiab concave ntsiab nrog ornamental tej. Tej zaum hauv lub hauv paus yog nyob rau hauv ib lub nruas dai kom zoo nkauj nrog sculptures. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub Ionic txhua lawm, uas tsub kom lub teeb ci thiab elegance ntawm lub tsev.

Entablature yuav muaj xws li cov architrave thiab Cornice (Asia muaj hnub nyoog style) los yog nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw, raws li nyob rau hauv lub Doric (nthab style). Architrave muab faib mus rau hauv fascia - kab rov tav ledges. Nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab tus Cornice muaj ib tug me me cloves. Gutter rau lub Cornice richly decorated nrog ornaments.

Corinthian thiaj

Corinthian yog tsis tshua muaj pom tau hais tias ua ywj siab, nws yog feem ntau txhais tau hais tias lub variation ntawm lub Ionic. Muaj ob versions, qhia rau lub hauv paus pib ntawm kev txiav txim no. Ntau mundane tham txog txais cov Iyiv style kab, uas tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog qhaus nplooj. Raws li lwm lub hom phiaj, qhov kev txiav txim uas tsim los ntawm sculptor los ntawm lub moos Kaulinthaus. Nws yog inspired los ntawm lawv pom los ntawm ib lub pob tawb, nyob rau hauv uas tau acanthus nplooj.

Los ntawm cov Ionic nws txawv mas nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab dai kom zoo nkauj capitals, uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog stylized acanthus nplooj. Ob tug kab ntawm nplooj fashioned ncej sab sauv ib feem ntawm lub voj voog ntawm cov kem. Ob tog abaca concave thiab dai kom zoo nkauj nrog loj thiab me me kauv curls.

Corinthian nyeem décor ntau tshaj lwm Greek txiav txim nyob rau architecture. Ntawm peb yeej nws twb ntshai ua tus tshaj luxurious, elegant thiab cov nplua nuj. Nws rhiab thiab sophistication txuam nrog rau cov duab ntawm ib tug hluas nkauj, thiab acanthus nplooj twb zoo li curls. "Girlish" yog feem ntau hu ua vim rau qhov cov kev txiav txim.

ancient temples

Lub tuam tsev yog lub ntsiab thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws lub tsev ntawm ancient Greece. Nws daim ntawv yog yooj yim, nws yog ib tsab rau pej xeem square tsev. Lub architecture ntawm ib tug ancient Greek tuam tsev maj los ua nyuab dua thiab supplemented nrog tshiab ntsiab raws li ntev raws li nws tau tsis tau txais ib puag ncig puab. Feem ntau xws cais yeej:

• distillate;
• prostyle;
• amphiprostyle;
• peripter;
• dipter;
• psevdodipter;
• Tholos.

Tuam tsev nyob rau hauv ancient Greece twb tsis muaj qhov rais. Sab nraum nws surrounded kem uas twb muab tso rau hauv ib tug Gable ru tsev thiab kab teeb. Hauv lub sanctuary tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub pej thuam ntawm tus deity mus rau leej twg lub tuam tsev fij tseg.

Ib txhia tsev yuav tau muab tso rau ib tug me me hnav khaub ncaws chav tsev - pronaos. Thaum lub tsheb ntawm tus loj temples twb nyob ib tug ntau chav. Nws khaws cov donations ntawm cov neeg nyob, tus dawb huv implements thiab lub nroog nyiaj.

Tus thawj hom tsev teev ntuj - distillate - muaj lub sanctuary, pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Loggia uas puag ncig lub phab ntsa thiab lub Antes. Lub loge tsis muaj tsev nyob txhua ob. Nrog nce complexity ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm txhua yeej nce. Nyob rau hauv lawv plaub prostyle nyob rau hauv amphiprostyle - plaub rov qab thiab pem hauv ntej facade.

Nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev, peripetrah lawv puag ncig lub tsev nyob rau tag nrho cov sab. Yog hais tias lub txhua cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob ib ncig ntawm tus puag ncig nyob rau hauv ob kab, qhov no style dipter. Cov yav tas style, Tolosa kuj pom tias txhua ib puag ncig, tab sis tus puag ncig muaj ib tug cylindrical zoo. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Roman faj tim teb chaws hloov zuj zuj mus rau hauv ib tug Tholos hom siv "Rotunda".

ntaus ntawv cov kev cai

Greek nroog-states tau ua feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub seaside. Lawv tau hloov zuj zuj mus rau hauv trading democracies. Cov pej xeem thiab nom tswv lub neej ntawm lub nroog kawm los ntawm tag nrho lawv tej rightful inhabitants. Qhov no ua rau lub fact tias cov architecture ntawm ancient Greece yog tsim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev teev tiam, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov vaj tse.

Lub sab qaum kev ib lub nroog yog lub acropolis. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws yog nyob rau ib lub toj thiab twb zoo fortified kom tus yeeb ncuab nyob rau hauv ib tug surprise nres. Nws nyob hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm cov gods uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hauv lub nroog.

Lower chaw ntawm lub nroog yog lub tam sim no - qhib kev ua lag luam qhov chaw uas tus hlau luam, kho ib qho tseem ceeb sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv tej teeb meem. Nws tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv, lub tsev ntawm lub Council of Elders, basil, lub tsev rau banquets thiab cov rooj sib tham, raws li zoo raws li lub tuam tsev. Nrog lub perimeter ntawm lub tam sim no tej zaum kuj muab tso saum.

Los ntawm thaum pib, lub ancient Greek architecture yog lam xav hais tias cov vaj tse nyob hauv cov kev cai muaj nyob rau. Lawv qhov kev tso kawm depended rau ntawm lub zos struts. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua V BC Hippodamus nqa tawm ib kiv puag ncig hauv nroog npaj. Nws muaj ib tug ntshiab mesh ntawm txoj kev qauv uas faib lub blocks mus rau hauv voos los yog squares.

Tag nrho cov vaj tse thiab chaw, xws li ib tug tam sim no, nyob rau hauv lub hlwb peb lub hlis twg, tsis tawm tsam tawm ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Qhov no layout ua rau nws yooj yim mus ua kom tiav kev tsim kho ntawm tshiab seem ntawm txoj cai, tsis muaj compromising lub sam xeeb thiab kev sib raug zoo. Raws li peb tes num tau ua Hippodamus Miletus, Cnidus, Assos, thiab hais txog. D. Tab sis Athens, piv txwv li, nyob hauv lub tsev "chaotic" daim ntawv.

quarters

Lub tsev nyob hauv Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws nyob txawv nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog thiab nyiaj tau los ntawm lub fwjchim luj kawg nkaus. Qhia ob peb theem pib hom ntawm tsev:

• Megaron;
• apsidal;
• pastadny;
• peristyle.

Ib tug ntawm cov earliest hom tsev - megaron. Nws txoj hau kev los ua tus tsab rau cov thawj lub tuam tsev ntawm lub Homeric era. Lub tsev muaj ib lub zoo nyob rau hauv lub kawg ib feem ntawm uas yog ib qho qhib qhov chaw nrog ib tug portico. Zaj okantovyvayut txhua ob, thiab protruding phab ntsa. Sab hauv, muaj tsuas yog ib chav tsev nrog ib tug hearth nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev rau pa luam yeeb.

Apsidal tsev yog tseem ua nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov. Nws yog ib tug duab plaub sib npaug ntug feem, uas yog hu ua tus apse. Tom qab ntawd, muaj pastadnye peristyle thiab hom ntawm vaj tse. Sab nraud cov phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lawv twb lag ntseg, thiab layout ntawm vaj tse - kaw.

Pastada yog ib tug tso cai nyob rau hauv sab hauv ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nws twb them thiab kev txhawb los ntawm ntoo ncej. Nyob rau hauv lub IV xyoo pua BC los ua nrov peristyle. Nws khaws cov laus layout, tab sis pastadny zaj yog hloov los ntawm them txhua rau ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub patio.

Nyob rau sab kev tsuas du phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev. Hauv yog ib tug loog, nyob ib ncig ntawm uas tau nyob tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev. Lub qhov rais yog feem ntau tsis muaj, lub teeb qhov chaw yog lub tsev hais plaub. Yog hais tias lub qhov rais thiab twb ces muab tso rau rau lub thib ob pem teb. Sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj yog feem ntau yooj yim excesses pib tshwm xwb nyob rau hauv lub Hellenistic muaj hnub nyoog.

Lub tsev yog kom meej meej muab faib ua hais txog poj niam (ginekeev) thiab cov txiv neej (Andro) ib nrab. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej peb yuav tsum tau qhua thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm ib tug noj mov. Tau nyob rau hauv cov poj niam lub sab nws yog tsuas yog ua tau los ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm Hynek yog tus nkag mus rau hauv lub vaj. Lub tsev nyob ntawm tus nplua nuj muaj tsev nyob ib chav ua noj, sauna thiab ib tug bakery. Qhov thib ob pem teb yog feem ntau dhau lawm.

Lub architecture ntawm lub ancient Greek ua yeeb yam

Theatre ntawm Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws tau koom tsis tau tsuas yog kev lom zem nam, tab sis kuj kev cai dab qhuas. Nws tshwm sim yog txuam nrog rau cov cult ntawm Dionysus. Tus thawj theatrical nrug twb muaj kom ua raws li no vaj tswv. Hais txog lub keeb kwm ntawm kev cai dab qhuas cov tswv yim ntawm ancient Greek ua yeeb yam architecture reminiscent ntawm ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus nyob ntawm lub thaj, uas yog nyob rau hauv orhestre.

Nyob rau theem no, muaj festivities, kev ua si thiab ua. Nyob rau hauv lub IV xyoo pua BC, lawv ceased mus txog rau kev ntseeg. Cwj pwm thiab kev tswj productions koom Archon. Cov cwj pwm tseem ceeb tau ua si los ntawm ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm peb cov neeg, cov poj niam tau ua si los ntawm cov txiv neej. Drama twb ua si nyob rau hauv ib tug kev sib tw qhov twg paj huam coj lem qhia lawv ua hauj lwm.

Laj ntawm cov thawj theaters yog yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv lub center yog orhestra - round hauv av, uas tsis muaj tsev nyob rau hauv lub hu nkauj ua ke. Qab nws muaj yog chamber nyob rau hauv uas lub hnav khaub ncaws lam (Skene). Auditorium (Theatron) yog loj thiab lub nyob rau ntawm ib lub roob, ib lub voj voog Skirting lub scene.

Tag nrho theaters tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhib ntuj. Chiv, lawv ib ntus xwb. Nyob rau txhua txhua cov nyiaj so koobtsheej ntoo platforms los ua lub tsev anew. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua V BC rooj rau cov neeg saib pib carving nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub hillside. Yog li ntawd nws tsim qhov tseeb thiab tej yam ntuj tso funnel, txhawb zoo acoustics. Lug txhim khu lub suab resonance tshwj xeeb cov hlab ntsha muab tso ze ntawm lub saib.

Nrog txoj kev txhim kho ntawm lub ua yeeb yam thiab theem kev tsim kho yog nyuab. Nws pem hauv ntej ib feem muaj kab thiab pem hauv ntej facade xyaum lub tuam tsev. Nyob rau sab yog ca - paraskenii. Lawv cia cov scenery thiab theem khoom. Nyob rau hauv Athens, qhov loj tshaj plaws ua yeeb yam yog tus ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus.

acropolis ntawm Athens

Ib txhia ntawm cov monuments ntawm ancient Greek architecture yuav pom niaj hnub no. Ib qho ntawm feem ib lug extant, yog lub Acropolis ntawm Athens. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm Pyrgos roob nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 156 meters. Ntawm no yog cov ua yeeb yam ntawm Dionysus, lub tuam tsev ntawm tus vajtswv poj niam Athena Parthenon, Sanctuary ntawm Zeus, Artemis, Nike thiab lwm yam nto moo vaj tse.

Rau cov tuam tsev ntawm lub Acropolis ntawm Athens yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug ua ke ntawm tag nrho cov peb kev cai-tshuab. Ib tug ua ke ntawm yeej cim lub Parthenon. Nws yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov Doric peripetra, lub sab hauv Frieze uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Ionic style.

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub pej thuam ntawm Athena yog surrounded los ntawm txhua. Nyob rau hauv acropolis twb muab ib qho tseem ceeb nom tswv lub luag hauj lwm. Nws tsos yog mus sab laj txog cov hegemony ntawm lub nroog, thiab nyob tus yeees ntawm cov Parthenon yog hu nkauj lub yeej ntawm kev cai ywj pheej tshaj aristocratic kev txiav txim.

Tom ntej no mus cov neeg pej xeem nrog thiab pompous tsev ntawm lub Parthenon yog lub Erechtheion. Nws yog nkaus ua nyob rau hauv lub Ionic kev txiav txim. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws "tus neeg nyob ze", nws hu nkauj qhuas ntawm txoj kev hlub thiab kev zoo nkauj. Lub tuam tsev yog nplooj siab mus rau ob tug gods - mus Poseidon thiab Athena, thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob qhov twg, raws li cov lus dab neeg, lawv tsis sib haum tshwm sim.

Vim qhov xwm ntawm tus nyem lub tswv yim Erechtheion asymmetric. Nws muaj ob tug tej chaw dawb huv - Zell thiab ob lub qhov rooj nkag. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub tuam tsev yog portico uas yog tsis txaus siab los ntawm sab thiab marble caryatides (poj niam saum).

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Acropolis Propylaea fwm - lub ntsiab nkag, surrounded los ntawm txhua thiab porticos, lub sab ntawm uas yog nyob rau hauv lub palace thiab chaw ua si complex. Cov toj kuj muaj Arrephorion - tsev rau cov ntxhais, nws cov khaub ncaws rau cov Athens ua si.