Anatomy ntawm lub plab. Qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm tus tib neeg lub plab

Tib neeg lub plab - lub ntsiab reservoir rau khaws cia rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov zaub mov. Yog hais tias lub cev tsis muaj xws li muaj peev xwm, raws li lub plab, peb yuav noj tag nrho cov sij hawm, tsis yog ib tug ob peb zaug ib hnub twg. Nws kuj tseem ceeb rau hauv sib tov ntawm acid, hnoos qeev thiab digestive enzymes uas pab zom thiab tsau tshuaj rau peb cov zaub mov thaum lub sij hawm cia.

tag nrho cov lub cev

Yuav ua li cas yog lub plab nyob rau hauv tib neeg? Qhov no npawv, hollow hloov khoom nruab nrog. Nyob qhov twg lub plab nyob rau hauv tib neeg? Nws yog nyob rau hauv qab lub diaphragm nyob rau hauv rau sab laug ib feem ntawm lub plab mog.

Tus qauv ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev yog zoo li no hais tias lub plab yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov hlab pas thiab duodenum.

Mob plab - ncua ib feem ntawm tus mob huam, uas muaj ib tug crescent zoo. Nws puab txheej yog tag nrho ntawm wrinkles, lub npe hu rau peb raws li wrinkles (los yog folds). Nws yog ib cov folds cia nws yuav tsum tau ncav us txog kom haum rau hauv nws loj hlob ntawm cov zaub mov, uas ces ntsiag to tsiv nyob rau hauv lub digestive txheej txheem.

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab muaj nuj nqi, cov tib neeg plab yuav tau muab faib ua plaub qhov chaw:

1. Cov hlab pas txuas mus rau lub plab nyob rau hauv ib tug me me rau thaj tsam hu ua lub cardia. Nws yog ib tug nqaim, raj zoo li ib feem, uas kis tau mus rau hauv lub dav kab noj hniav - lub cev ntawm lub plab. Cardia muaj lub sab esophageal sphincter, raws li zoo raws li cov pab pawg neeg ntawm tej nqaij uas muaj ntawv cog lus kom zaub mov thiab cov kua qaub nyob rau hauv lub plab.

2. Plawv cais kis rau hauv lub cev ntawm lub plab, uas tas lub hauv paus ib feem thiab siab tshaj plaws.

3. Cia li saum toj no lub domed cheeb tsam ntawm lub cev yog lub npe hu raws li nws cov hauv qab.

4. Ntawm no rau hauv lub cev yog pylorus. Qhov no yog ib feem txuas lub plab mus rau lub duodenum thiab muaj pyloric sphincter uas tswj cov ndlwg ntawm lub cov nqis zaub mov (chyme) los ntawm lub plab thiab mus rau hauv lub duodenum.

Me me lub cev ntawm lub plab

Me tsom qhia tau hais tias cov qauv ntawm lub plab, nws yog los ntawm ob peb cais khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg: lub mucosa, submucosa, thiab nqaij serous.

mucosa

Lub puab txheej no yog muaj li nkaus ntawm pais plab mucosa yog ib tug yooj yim epithelial cov ntaub so ntswg nrog ib tug plurality ntawm exocrine hlwb. Me pores yog hu ua pais plab qho to muaj ntau exocrine hlwb uas tsim digestive enzymes thiab hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv lub plab. Txheej hlwb nyob thoob plaws hauv lub mucosa thiab pais plab qho to, paim hnoos qeev los tiv thaiv lub plab los ntawm nws tus kheej digestive kua. Vim mus rau qhov tob ntawm lub pits pais plab mucosa yuav nkoog, uas tsis yog lub mucosa ntawm lwm yam kabmob ntawm tus mob huam.

Lub qhov tob ntawm lub mucosa yog ib tug nyias txheej ntawm tus nqaij - cov nqaij phaj. Uas nws cov ntaub ntawv wrinkles thiab tsub kom kev sib cuag nrog lub mucosa ntawm lub plab txheem.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub mucosa muaj lwm txheej - submucosa. Nws muaj connective ntaub so ntswg, cov hlab ntsha thiab qab haus huv. Connective ntaub so ntswg txhawb mucosal qauv thiab txuas mus rau cov nqaij txheej. Submucosal ntshav mov kom cov mov cov as-ham rau cov phab ntsa ntawm lub plab. Tshee cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub submucosa ntawm lub plab txheem ntawm lwm yam uas thiab tswj du nqaij thiab lub tso pa tawm ntawm digestive tshuaj.

npag txheej

Cov nqaij txheej ntawm lub plab submucosa puag ncig thiab yog ntau tshaj ntawm ib plab loj. Npag phaj li ntawm 3 khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm tus nqaij. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm tus nqaij tso cai rau lub plab los daim ntawv cog lus, los mus sib tov cov zaub mov thiab tshem nws los ntawm lub digestive ib ntsuj av.

serosa

Cov txheej txheej ntawm lub plab, ib ncig tej nqaij yog hu ua tus serosa, uas yog ua los ntawm tej yam yooj yim squamous epithelium thiab xoob connective cov ntaub so ntswg. Serous txheej muaj ib tug tus, nplua npleev nto thiab kev faib tawm kua, dej tsis pub leejtwg paub, lub npe hu ua serous kua. Du, ntub nto ntawm lub serous membrane yuav pab tiv thaiv lub plab los ntawm cov kev sib txhuam thaum lub sij hawm nws qhov expansion thiab contraction.

lub cev ntawm tib neeg lub plab yog tam sim no ntau dua los yog tsawg ntshiab. Txhua yam uas tau piav saum toj no, xav txog ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv lub kos duab. Tiam sis ua ntej, peb yuav tsum to taub, yog dab tsi lub zog ntawm tus tib neeg lub plab.

cia

Nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj peb ntxo thiab moisturizing zaub mov kom txog thaum nws ua ib tug homogeneous loj muaj tus duab ntawm ib tug me me pob. Thaum peb haus txhua lub pob, nws maj mam kis tau los ntawm cov hlab pas mus rau lub plab, uas yog muab ua ke nrog rau tus so ntawm lub zaub mov feem.

Lub volume ntawm tus tib neeg lub plab mas nws txawv, tab sis nyob rau nruab nrab nws yog tau muaj 1-2 litres ntawm cov kua zaub mov thiab hais tias yuav pab digestion. Thaum lub plab yog ncav us txog ib tug ntau ntawm cov zaub mov, nws yuav khaws mus txog rau 3-4 liters. Distended plab ua plab zom mov tsis yooj yim. Txij li thaum cov kab noj hniav yuav tsis yooj yim yuav txo kom sib tov cov zaub mov kom zoo, nws ua rau ib tug kev xav ntawm tsis xis nyob. Lub volume ntawm tus tib neeg lub plab kuj yog nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog thiab kev mob ntawm lub cev.

Tom qab lub pais plab kab noj hniav tau ntim cov zaub mov, nws yog khaws cia rau lwm 1-2 teev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub plab tseem digestive txheej txheem, uas pib nyob rau hauv lub qhov ncauj thiab tso cai rau cov hnyuv, pancreas, tsib lub zais zis thiab siab pib los npaj rau tag lub txheej txheem.

Qhov kawg ntawm lub plab pyloric sphincter ntawm lwm yam uas lub zog ntawm cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws feem ntau yog muab kaw kom cov zaub mov thiab kev rho tawm ntawm lub plab. Thaum chyme yuav tawm hauv lub plab, lub pyloric sphincter qhib cia ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm undigested zaub mov kom dhau mus rau hauv lub duodenum. Tsis pub dhau 1-2 xuab moos, tus txheej txheem no yog rov qab rau maj mam mus txog, mus txog rau thaum tag nrho nqis zaub mov yoojyim lub plab. Qeeb pace ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm chyme pab decompose nws mus rau hauv nws lub Cheebtsam thiab maximize plab zom mov thiab haum cov as-ham nyob rau hauv lub plab.

secretion

Lub plab ua thiab koom tes rau ib tug xov tooj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj los tswj zaub mov digestion. Txhua yam ntawm lawv ua exocrine los yog endocrine hlwb nyob rau hauv lub mucosa.

Pais plab exocrine ntsiab yam khoom yog tus pais plab kua txiv - ib tug sib tov ntawm hnoos qeev, hydrochloric acid thiab digestive enzymes. Pais plab kua txiv yog tov nrog rau cov khoom noj khoom haus nyob rau hauv lub plab mus pab digestion.

Tshwj Xeeb exocrine mucosal hlwb - txheej hlwb hnoos qeev nyob rau hauv folds thiab pais plab qho to. Qhov no hnoos qeev ncua los ntawm ib tug mucosal nto, mus them rau cov hauv ob sab phlu ntawm lub plab tuab, resistant mus acid thiab enzymes barrier. Pais plab hnoos qeev kuj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv bicarbonate ions uas neutralize lub pH-tshaj ntawm pais plab acid.

Parietal hlwb nyob rau hauv lub pais plab qho to, ua ob yam tseem ceeb cov khoom xyaw: intrinsic ceeb thiab hydrochloric acid. Intrinsic zoo tshaj yuav yog ib tug glycoprotein uas binds rau vitamin B12 nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab pab nws yuav absorbed los ntawm cov hnyuv. Vitamin B12 yog ib qho tseem ceeb as rau cov tsim ntawm erythrocytes.

Cov acid nyob rau hauv tus tib neeg lub plab tiv thaiv peb lub cev los ntawm kev uas pathogenic cov kab mob uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov. Nws tseem yuav pab zom cov nqaijrog, transforming lawv mus rau hauv ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws daim ntawv uas yog yooj yim los mus daws enzymes. Pepsin - lub enzyme digesting protein yog tsuas yog tshuab txais nyob rau hauv tus ntawm hydrochloric acid nyob rau hauv lub plab.

Primary hlwb kuj pom nyob rau hauv pais plab qho to tsim ob digestive enzyme: pepsinogen thiab pais plab lipase. Pepsinogen ua ntej molecule yog haib heev, ib tug protein digesting enzyme - pepsin. Txij li thaum pepsin yuav tau rhuav tshem cov ntsiab hlwb uas tsim nws thiab tib yam, nws khiav nkaum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pepsinogen, uas yog tsis txaus ntshai. Thaum pepsinogen yog hu nrog ib tug acidic pH-tau, uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv pais plab acid, nws hloov lub cev thiab yuav dhia pepsin enzyme uas converts cov nqaijrog rau hauv amino acids.

Pais plab lipase yog ib qho enzyme uas digests rog, tshem cov fatty acid los ntawm cov triglyceride molecules.

G-hlwb ntawm lub plab - endocrine hlwb nyob rau ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub pais plab qho to. G-hlwb tsim lub hormone gastrin rau hauv cov hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau ntau stimuli, xws li Pib ntsais koj teeb ntawm lub vagus paj, lub xub ntiag ntawm amino acids nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm nqis nqaijrog los yog ncab lub plab phab ntsa thaum noj mov. Gastrin mus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha mus txawv receptor hlwb nyob ib ncig ntawm lub plab, thiab nws cov ntsiab hauj lwm - mus tsim kho lub prostate thiab lub plab cov leeg. Los rau cancer gastrin ua rau ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv pais plab acid secretion, uas pab txoj kev digestion. Gastrin stimulation ntawm tus nqaij muaj txhawb rau muaj zog lus ntawm lub plab thiab cov qhib ntawm lub pyloric sphincter kom tshem tau cov khoom noj khoom haus mus rau hauv lub duodenum. Gastrin kuj yuav hnia hlwb nyob rau hauv lub pancreas thiab tsib lub zais zis, nyob qhov twg nws yuav tsub kom lub secretion ntawm kua txiv thiab kua tsib.

Raws li koj tau pom, cov tib neeg plab enzymes ua ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv digestion.

plab zom mov

Plab zom mov nyob rau hauv lub plab yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob chav kawm: cov neeg kho tshuab thiab tshuaj digestion. Neeg kho tshuab kev zom - tsis tsuas rau lub cev sib cais ntawm cov zaub mov loj mus rau hauv me me daim, thiab tshuaj - hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm loj molecules mus rau hauv me me molecules.

• Neeg kho tshuab kev zom yog vim lub mixing kev txiav txim ntawm lub plab phab ntsa. Nws smooth nqaij daim ntawv cog lus, yog li feem ntawm cov khoom noj yog tov nrog pais plab kua txiv, uas tau nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ib tug tuab kua - chyme.

• Thaum lub sij hawm khoom noj khoom haus yog lub cev tov nrog cov pais plab kua txiv, enzymes tam sim no nyob rau ntawd, sib muab siab npuab loj molecules mus rau hauv me me subunits thereof. Pais plab lipase lov rog triglycerides rau hauv fatty acids thiab diglycerides. Pepsin lov cov nqaijrog mus rau hauv me amino acids. Tshuaj decomposition, pib nyob rau hauv lub plab, tsis mus raws li ntev raws li lub chyme tsis poob mus rau hauv cov hnyuv.

Tab sis lub muaj nuj nqi ntawm lub plab ntawm tus txiv neej tsis yog tas rau digestion.

cov tshuaj hormones

Kev ua ntawm lub plab yog nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tshuaj hormones uas tswj zus tau tej cov plab acid thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov zaub mov mus rau hauv lub duodenum.

• Gastrin yog ua los ntawm G-hlwb ntawm lub plab, tsub kom nws ua si los ntawm stimulating ib qho kev nce rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm pais plab kua txiv ua, nqaij contraction thiab muab nchuav ntawm lub plab los ntawm lub pyloric sphincter.

• Cholecystokinin (CCK) yog ua duodenal mucosa. Yog ib yam tshuaj uas slows tus muab nchuav ntawm lub plab los ntawm kev txo lub pyloric sphincter. CCK yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv teb mus rau ib tug noj mov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv protein thiab muaj roj, nws yog heev yooj yim mus zom los ntawm lub cev. FCS tso cai cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub plab ntev yuav khaws cia rau ib tug ntau txhij txhua kev zom thiab muab lub sij hawm lub pancreas thiab tsib lub zais zis kom tso cov kua tsib thiab enzymes uas txhim kho kev zom rau hauv lub duodenum.

• Secretin - lwm yam tshuaj ua los ntawm cov duodenal mucosa, nws teb mus rau lub acidity ntawm cov chyme los ntawm lub plab rau hauv cov hnyuv. Secretin ntshav kis tau los ntawm lub plab, qhov twg nws slows tus zus tau tej cov pais plab kua txiv exocrine qog mucosa. Secretin nkoos zus tau tej cov pancreatic kua txiv thiab kua tsib, uas muaj bicarbonate ions antacids. Tus aim ntawm secretin yog plab hnyuv tiv thaiv los ntawm qhov teeb meem los ntawm acid chyme.

Mob plab tib neeg: lub tsev

Kev lig kev cai, peb twb paub zoo nrog cov lub cev thiab muaj nuj nqi ntawm tus tib neeg lub plab. Cia peb xav txog los ntawm txoj kev ntawm kev, lub plab qhov twg ib tug neeg yog dab tsi thiab nws yog.

Daim duab 1:

Zaj lus piv txwv depicts ib tug tib neeg plab, uas qauv yuav suav hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Muaj cov cim:

1 - txoj hlab nqos mov; 2 - tus sab esophageal sphincter; 3 - cardia; 4- lub cev lub plab; 5 - rau hauv qab ntawm lub plab; 6 - serosa; 7 - ib tug longitudinal txheej; 8 - yeej txheej; 9 - oblique txheej; 10 - ntau dua curvature; 11 - folds ntawm txheej membrane; 12 - cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov pylorus; 13 - channel pylorus; 14 - pyloric sphincter ntawm lub plab; 15 - duodenum; 16 - lub gatekeeper; 17 - lub me me curvature.

Daim duab 2:

Nyob rau hauv cov duab no lub cev ntawm lub plab yog kom meej meej pom. Nuj nqis cim:

1 - txoj hlab nqos mov; 2 - tus pais plab fundus; 3 - lub cev ntawm lub plab; 4 - loj curvature; 5 - kab noj hniav; 6 - lub gatekeeper; 7 - lub duodenum; 8 - me me curvature; 9 - cardia; 10 - Gastroesophageal hlws ris.

Daim duab 3:

Nws qhia tau hais tias lub cev ntawm lub plab thiab qhov chaw uas nws lymph node. Nuj nqis sib haum mus rau:

1 - lub sab sauv pab pawg neeg ntawm cov qog ntshav hauv; 2 - pancreatic pab pawg neeg cov ntshav; 3 - pyloric pab pawg neeg; 4 - qis pab pawg neeg pyloric ntshav.

Daim duab 4:

Nyob rau hauv cov duab no koj yuav saib tau lub qauv ntawm lub plab phab ntsa. Muaj cov cim:

1 - serosa; 2 - ib tug longitudinal npag txheej; 3 - yeej nqaij txheej; 4 - mucosa; 5 - ib tug longitudinal npag txheej ntawm mucosa; 6 - yeej npag txheej ntawm mucosa; 7 - glandular mucosal epithelium; 8 - cov hlab ntsha; 9 - hlau plab.

Daim duab 5:

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus qauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev nyob rau hauv lub xeem daim duab yog tsis pom, tab sis kwv yees qhov chaw ntawm lub plab nyob rau hauv lub cev yuav muab suav hais tias.

Qhov no duab yog heev nthuav. Ntawm no tsis tau qhia lub cev ntawm tus tib neeg lub plab los yog ib yam dab tsi zoo li hais tias, Txawm tias ib txhia qhov chaw ntawm nws muaj peev xwm tseem yuav tau. Qhov no xam tau tias ib tug kub siab, thiab hais tias thaum nws tshwm sim.

1 - txoj hlab nqos mov; 2 - tus sab esophageal sphincter; 3 - txo lub plab; 4 - pais plab acid, ua ke nrog nws txheem yog tsa rau hauv cov hlab pas; 5 - ib tug burning lawm nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab thiab caj pas.

Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, daim duab kom meej meej qhia tau hais tias dab tsi tshwm sim thaum kub siab thiab ntxiv piav tsis yuav tsum tau.

tib neeg plab, dluab ntawm cov uas tau hais saum toj no, nws yog ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb hloov nyob rau hauv peb lub cev. Yog tsis muaj nws, koj muaj peev xwm ua neej nyob, tab sis lub neej no yog tsis zoo li yuav hloov tau tag nrho. Qhov zoo ces, nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm, koj yuav tsis txhob muaj ntau yam teeb meem los ntawm tsuas yog tseg mus xyuas gastroenterologist. Raws sij hawm mob ntawm tus kab mob no yuav pab kom sai tau tshem ntawm nws. Ceeb tshaj, tsis ceev lub dawm mus rau tus kws kho mob, thiab yog hais tias ib yam dab tsi mob, koj yuav tsum tam sim ntawd xa qhov teeb meem no rau cov kws muaj txuj.