Amphoteric co thiab lawv lub zog

Amphoteric co - yog yooj yim tshuaj uas nyob rau hauv cov qauv, cov tshuaj lom thiab lub zog zoo li cov uas ntawm lub nws yog xim hlau caij pab pawg neeg. By lawv tus kheej, co tsis tau amphoteric zog, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lawv cov tebchaw. Piv txwv li, oxides thiab hydroxides ntawm tej co muaj dual tshuaj xwm - nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob lawv coj raws li acids thiab muaj zog lwm alkalis.

Basic amphoteric co - yog txhuas, zinc, chromium, thiab hlau. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov ntsiab xws li beryllium thiab strontium.

Yuav ua li cas yog amphoteric?

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm, cov cuab yeej no twb tshwm sim ib tug ntev lub sij hawm dhau los. Thiab lub sij hawm "amphoteric ntsiab" twb qhia nyob rau hauv 1814 nyob rau hauv science los ntawm kev paub zoo chemists thenar thiab L. J. Gay-Lussac. Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, cov tshuaj lub tebchaw siv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua tej pawg neeg uas tau ntsib lawv yooj yim zog thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cuaj kaum, cov pab pawg neeg ntawm oxides thiab bases muaj dual muaj peev xwm. Nyob rau hauv ib co tej yam kev mob, xws tshuaj coj raws li alkali lwm yam, on qhov tsis tooj, ua raws li acids. Tias lub sij hawm "amphoteric" thiab thiaj li sawv. Rau cov tshuaj coj tus cwj pwm thaum lub sij hawm acid-puag cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub tej yam kev mob ntawm nws siv, qhov xwm ntawm tus reactants muab kev koom tes raws li zoo raws li lub zog ntawm cov kuab.

Interestingly, nyob rau hauv vivo amphoteric co muaj peev xwm sib txuas lus nrog ob lub alkali thiab acid. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog txhuas sulfate acid ua txhuas sulfate. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tib nrog ib tug muaj zog alkali hlau complex ntsev yog tsim.

Amphoteric bases thiab lawv cov kev zog

Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, qhov no khib nyiab. Lawv suab tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej thiab pom tau hais tias es tsis muaj zog electrolytes.

Cov yooj yim txoj kev rau muab tej bases - ib tug hlau ntsev los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm alkali. Nag lossis daus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau nqa tawm maj mam thiab ua tib zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov kev npaj ntawm zinc hydroxide nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev kuaj raj nrog zinc chloride ua tib zoo ntxiv dropwise sodium hydroxide. Txhua lub sij hawm koj yuav tau me ntsis co lub khob rau pom cov dawb hlau txo nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov tais diav.

Nrog acids thiab acid oxides amphoteric tshuaj hnov mob li ib lub hauv paus. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm zinc hydroxide nrog hydrochloric acid yog tsim ntawm zinc chloride.

Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm lub tshua nrog bases amphoteric bases coj raws li acids.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum muaj zog cua sov amphoteric hydroxides yog decomposed mus rau daim ntawv sib nug xov amphoteric oxide thiab dej.

Cov feem ntau amphoteric co: ib nyuag lus piav qhia txog

Zinc yog hais txog mus rau ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm amphoteric ntsiab. Txawm tias alloys ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas tau lug siv nyob rau hauv ancient civilizations, nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv nws yuav tsum tau qhia xwb nyob rau hauv 1746.

Cov ntshiab hlau yog txaus nkig khoom xiavlus xim. Nyob rau hauv cov huab cua sai heev oxidized zinc - dims nws saum npoo thiab them nrog ib tug nyias zaj duab xis ntawm oxide.

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, zinc tshwm sim feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov - zincite, smithsonite, Calamita. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub cov ntaub ntawv uas - qhov no blende, uas muaj zinc sulfide. Qhov loj tshaj plaws deposits ntawm no mineral yog pom nyob rau hauv Bolivia thiab Australia.

Aluminium yog hnub no suav hais tias yog feem ntau hlau nyob rau hauv ntiaj chaw. Nws alloys tau tau muab siv rau centuries, thiab nyob rau hauv 1825 lub substance twb cais nyob hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv.

Ntshiab txhuas yog ib tug khaub-ncaws nyias hlau nyiaj. Nws yooj yim machined thiab casting. Qhov no lub caij muaj siab hluav taws xob thiab thermal conductivity. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no hlau yog resistant rau corrosion. Qhov tseeb hais tias nws saum npoo yog them nrog ib tug nyias tiam sis heev resistant oxide zaj duab xis.

Rau hnub tim, txhuas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam.