Amino acid qauv. Lus Txhais thiab cais ntawm cov amino acids

Ntawm cov loj loj ntau yam ntawm tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj amino acids muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Nws yog vim lawv exceptional tus nqi ob leeg nyob rau ib thiab organic Science News for KIDS. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias los amino acids muaj xws li tej yam yooj yim thiab complex molecules ntawm cov nqaijrog, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm txhua tus thiab txhua txhua daim ntawv ntawm lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog vim li no science yog them loj xim rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej teeb meem xws li cov amino acid qauv, zog, ntau lawm thiab kev siv. Loj nqi ntawm cov tebchaw nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, qhov uas lawv yuav siv tau raws li medicinal npaj. Rau cov neeg uas muaj tiag koom nyob rau hauv lawv tus kheej noj qab haus huv thiab ua ib tug active txoj kev ntawm lub neej, protein monomers yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov (li-hu ua cov kev ua si kev noj haus). Ib txhia ntawm cov kev siv nyob rau hauv cov organic hluavtaws Science News for KIDS li feedstock nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom cua fibers - enanth thiab nylon. Raws li koj tau saib, ib qho amino acid plays ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm ob leeg nyob rau hauv qhov thiab nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub neej, thiaj li saib lawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam.

Nta ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov amino acids

Tebchaw ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv yog amphoteric organic tshuaj, piv txwv li muaj ob tug functional pawg, thiab yog li ntawd muaj dual zog. Nyob rau hauv kev, nyob rau hauv lub lwg me me tam sim no hydrocarbyl radicals uas txuas mus rau ib tug NH ₂ amino pab pawg thiab carboxylic pawg COOH. Cov tshuaj tshua nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj uas ua raws li cov amino acid puag, yuav ua li cas acid. Isomers ntawm xws tebchaw yog manifested vim qhov kev hloov los yog lub spatial configuration ntawm cov pa roj carbon lub cev pob txha, los yog amino txoj hauj lwm, thiab kev faib ntawm amino acids yog txiav txim raws li nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv nta thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub hydrocarbon radical. Nws yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ncaj los yog branched saw thiab muaj cyclic lug.

Kho qhov muag ua si aminocarboxylic acids

Tag nrho cov monomers ntawm polypeptides thiab lawv 20 hom tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu thiab tib neeg, yog L-amino acids. Feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj ib tug asymmetric carbon atom, tig thaum rotating cov polarized teeb beam mus rau sab laug. Ob tug monomer isoleucine thiab threonine - muaj ob tug carbon atoms thiab aminoacetic acid (glycine) - tsis muaj. amino kho qhov muag ua si classifications lug siv nyob rau hauv biochemistry thiab molecular biology uas txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm txhais lus rau cov protein ntau biosynthesis. Interestingly, tus D-daim ntawv amino acids yeej tsis yog ib feem ntawm lub polypeptide chains ntawm cov nqaijrog, tab sis yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tus kab mob week thiab metabolic khoom ntawm fungi, actinomycetes, uas yog, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lawv muaj nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso tshuaj tua kab mob xws li gramicidin. Nyob rau hauv biochemistry paub zoo tej yam khoom uas muaj ib tug D-daim ntawv ntsig txog cov qauv zoo li citrulline, homoserine, ornithine, ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub tshua ntawm cell metabolism.

Yuav ua li cas yog zwitterions?

Ib zaug ntxiv, monomers uas proteins uas muaj li ntawm functional pawg yog amines thiab carboxylic acids. Hais -NH ₂ thiab COOH INTERACTIONS ua ke nyob rau hauv ib molecule, uas ua rau yus lub puab ntsev, hu ua bipolar ion (zwitterion). Qhov no piav txog cov internal qauv ntawm cov amino acids ntawm lawv cov qib high muaj peev xwm mus nrog ncov qaumteb qabteb kuab tshuaj, xws li dej. Lub xub ntiag ntawm them hais nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ua rau lawv conductivity.

Yuav ua li cas yog α-amino acids

Yog hais tias cov amino pab pawg neeg nyob rau hauv lub molecule yog nyob rau thawj carbon atom, suav los ntawm lub carboxyl qhov chaw qhov chaw nyob, xws amino acid belongs rau lub chav kawm ntawv ntawm α-amino acids. Lawv nyob ib tug uas qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub labeling, vim hais tias los ntawm cov monomers thiab lub tsev tag nrho cov biologically active protein molecules, e.g., xws li enzymes, hemoglobin, actin, collagen thiab cov zoo li. D. Tus qauv ntawm cov hoob kawm no ntawm amino acids yuav suav hais tias piv txwv li glycine, tib uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv hlwb xyaum raws li ib tug soothing kev npaj rau cov kev kho mob ntawm me me ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev nyuaj siab thiab neurasthenia.

International lub npe ntawm no amino acid - α-glycine, nws muaj ib tug kho qhov muag L-zoo thiab yog proteinogenic, uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus thiab yog ib feem ntawm cov protein macromolecules.

Cov nqaijrog thiab lawv lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub metabolism ntawm monomers

Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam lub cev tau hauj lwm ntawm tus kab mob ntawm cov tsiaj, nrog rau txiv neej, tsis muaj cov tshuaj hormones, muaj raws ntawm cov protein molecules. Cov tshuaj qauv ntawm cov amino acids nyob rau hauv lawv, qhia lawv teej tug mus rau lub α-cov ntaub ntawv. E.g., triiodothyronine thiab thyroxine ua los ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Lawv tswj cov metabolism hauv thiab nyob rau hauv nws cov hlwb yog tsim los ntawm α-amino acid tyrosine. Cov yooj yooj yim thiab complex proteins uas pom li lub 20 loj monomers thiab lawv derivatives. Lub prothrombin, uas regulates ntshav coagulation, yog tam sim no carboxyglutamic acid nyob rau hauv myosin (nqaij protein) kuaj methyllysine, lub enzyme peroxidase - selenocysteine.

Tus nqi noj haus ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab lawv monomers

Xav cov qauv ntawm cov amino acids thiab lawv kev faib tawm, yuav tsom ntsoov rau cov gradation raws li nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm los yog tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov protein monomers tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Alanine, proline, tyrosine thiab lwm yam sib txuas tsim nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov yas sib pauv, thiab tryptophan, thiab xya lwm cov amino acids yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv peb lub cev tsuas muaj zaub mov noj.

Ib qhov taw qhia ntawm ib tug muaj tseeb thiab xuas yog theem ntawm tib neeg kev noj uas muaj protein ntau cov khoom noj. Nws yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib feem plaub ntawm tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov khoom noj uas tau txais los ntawm lub cev ib hnub twg. Nws yog tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov proteins muaj nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg valine, isoleucine, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb cov amino acids. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, proteins uas hu ua tiav. Lawv nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm kev cog cov khoom noj, los yog cov khoom noj uas muaj fungi.

Monomers lawv tus kheej tseem ceeb cov nqaijrog tsis tau tsim nyob rau hauv mammalian hlwb. Yog hais tias peb xav txog cov qauv ntawm cov molecules ntawm amino acids, uas yog indispensable, peb yuav pom tau hais tias lawv nyob kawm txawv. Yog li ntawd, valine thiab leucine yog aliphatic series, tryptophan - mus rau lub uas muaj ntxhiab amino acids thiab threonine - mus rau ib tug hydroxyamino.