Alpha-blockers: kev piav qhia thiab kev faib

Tsaug rau kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm pharmaceuticals yog lossi kawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj, qhov kev tso tawm ntawm ntau niaj hnub high-kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj. Tab sis muaj tshuaj ntau ntau yam ntawm tej yam uas yog indispensable rau decades. Cov no muaj xws alpha-blockers.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj kev kho mob ntawm kub siab, rau txos cov ntshav siab li zoo li ib tug xov tooj ntawm urological mob, e.g., mob prostatitis thiab benign prostatic hlav.

Keeb kwm ntawm foundations

Tus foundations ntawm alpha-blockers nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam kws twb ua nyob rau hauv 1976. Txij li thaum lawv raug xam tias yog zoo tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav siab. Tab sis lawv siv yog tsis ib txwm tsim nyog vim hais tias ntawm muaj ntau heev tshwm sim. Ib qho ntawm thawj cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog "Prazosin". Tom ntej no, nws twb launched ntau lawm ntawm lwm alpha-blockers xws li "Doksasozin" thiab "Terarozin". Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, raws li tau zoo raws li "Prazosin", siv rau kho tawg, tab sis raws ntawm nws ntau heev kev txiav txim.

Tab sis kuj txawv nyob rau hauv cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm localization ntawm qhov chaw thiab tej lub hom phiaj ntawm alpha-blockers. Npaj yuav hais hauv qab no.

hom

Adrenergic receptors yog muab faib ua ob subspecies:

• Alpha-1 receptors, uas yog ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub membrane ntawm lub postsynaptic neuron, lub luag hauj lwm rau cov Pib ntsais koj teeb nqa tawm los ntawm kev siv ib qho chaw nyob uas catecholamine neurons los yog effector hlwb, nrog rau tej yam vascular hlwb. Qhov tsim nyog ntawm cov kev ua ntawm cov receptors yog vasoconstriction.
• Alpha-2 receptors, uas yog nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw membrane ntawm lub presynaptic neuron saib xyuas tiam ntawm norepinephrine nyob rau hauv lub synaptic cleft ntawm ib tug tsis zoo tswv yim, li no kom txhob muaj tus zus tau tej cov noradrenaline, sau nyob rau hauv synaptic cleft.

Yuav ua raws li receptor blockade ntawm alpha-1 vascular du nqaij vasoconstriction eliminates provoked catecholamines. Nyob rau hauv lem alpha-2 receptors nyob rau lub presynaptic membrane ntawm ib tug neuron, tsis blockaded, ces muaj yog kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub tswv yim mechanism, provoking qhov kev tso tawm ntawm noradrenaline.

Xaiv 1 (blockers) yog antagonists ntawm postsynaptic receptors. Tej medicaments tshem tawm receptor kev ua si vim rau cov teebmeem ntawm catecholamines tso nyob rau hauv lub kev, thiab neurons.

zog

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd los nyob rau hauv cov ntshav siab yuav txo tau, alpha blockers (tshuaj uas muaj npe hauv qab no) muaj lwm yam kev khiav dej num. Etokardialnye, metabolic, extracardiac kho teebmeem. Ncav proven high efficiency ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub myocardium, coronary system, tej yam rau cov proteins nyob rau hauv lub prostate.

extracardiac

• Stimulation ntawm ob lub raum.
• Purification ntawm lub bronchial hlab.
• Improvement ntawm metabolic dab nyob rau hauv lub urogenital system nyob rau hauv benign qog ntawm lub prostate.

Alpha-blockers muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau kom txhob muaj mob loj hlob thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm hnyav ntawm impotence.

mob

• Yuav txo tau ntawm myocardial hypertrophy.
• Tswj lub plawv atherosclerosis.

Nrog ceev faj vim hais tias ntawm tsis zoo zoo yog siv nyob rau hauv lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm thiab angina.

metabolic

• Txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj uas txhaws plaques.
• Txo cov ntshav qab zib ntau ntau (insulin) nyob rau hauv cov ntshav.

Raws li hais saum toj no, feem ntau alpha-blockers siv nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm lub prostate caj pas nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej.

Tus txiv neej cov pejxeem uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 50 xyoo, feem ntau txom nyem los ntawm no hom ntawm tus kab mob, cov thawj ntawm cov uas yog cov prostatitis thiab prostate adenoma.

Cov kab mob no muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem on ib tug neeg txoj kev ua neej raws li ib tug tag nrho. Pheej teeb meem nrog tso zis, tsis xis nyob, hnyav impotence yog ib co teeb meem rau cov txiv neej uas muaj hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov saum toj no-hais cov kab mob no yog yuav tsum tau booming. Feem ntau yuav tsis ua li cas tsis phais. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj tus kab mob mob theem siv cov tshuaj.

Rau kev kho mob kev pab siv ib tug-blockers, inhibitors ntawm 5-alpha-reductase.

Scheme kho txiav txim inhibitors

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm tej nqaij nyob rau hauv lub prostate yog txhais feem ntau hormonal. Steroid 5-alpha reductase txhawb cov kab noj hniav nyob rau hauv lub prostate caj pas lawm testosterone transformation mus rau hauv dihydrotestosterone. Cov yav tas, nyob rau hauv lem, binds rau nuclear androgen receptor nyob rau hauv lub prostate caj pas thiab nkoos lub tso pa tawm ntawm paracrine txoj kev loj hlob yam tseem ceeb, lawv kuj tsiv mus rau hauv lub prostate. Alpha-blockers, inhibitors ntawm 5-alpha-reductase muaj peev xwm pab nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no.

Ntev zus tau tej cov dihydrotestosterone ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm yam mob loj heev cov kab mob xws li benign prostatic hypertrophy, cancer hlav, prostate lwm urological kab mob. Thaum no tus taw tes nyob rau hauv lub siv inhibitors ntawm 5-alpha reductase inhibitors raws li ib tug kho mob kev kho mob chav kawm. Lawv kho nyhuv yog lub blockade reductase, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav txo ntau ntau ntawm DHT, uas ua rau diffuse prostate hloov.

Cov feem nrov tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no yog "finasteride" thiab "Dutasteride". Lawv muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov kho nyhuv, txawv tib lub sij hawm thiab regimen.

Blockers, inhibitors ntawm 5-alpha-reductase yuav tsum tau muas ntawm qhov chaw muag tshuaj nyob rau hauv hwj tshuaj.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub high efficiency, tshuaj siv nrog ceev faj thiab tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov mob vim lub loj pes tsawg tus tsis zoo tshwm sim thiab cov contraindications.

Major phiv thaum noj

• Tom qab siv cov tshuaj kom txo tau cov ntshav siab yog yuav hypotension.
• Xeev siab, mob taub hau thiab kiv taub hau.
• Lub plawv palpitations, ua tsis taus pa.
• Nqaij mob, tsis muaj zog.
• Tshuaj kom tsaug zog.
• Dej tuav, edema.
• Mob nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab cov hnyuv.
• Qhov ntswg, ua tsis taus pa, nqhis dej.
• Ntau nquag nyob rau hauv tus poj niam ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem yog cai stimulation ntawm lub zais zis tsis muaj zog, nquag tso zis.

Yog li ntawd, alpha-beta blockers yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj.

Ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws yuav tshwm yog postural hypotension, uas tej zaum yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw twb nyob ib koob tshuaj. Nws cov tsos mob xub thawj tshwm sim tom qab ib nrab ib teev los yog ib teev tom qab tau txais medicament. Qhov no siv tau mas "prazosin". Yuav kom tiv thaiv no sab nyhuv, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm loj hlob regimen thiab dua li thaum hmo ntuj.

Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov saum toj no hais tshwm sim los ntawm alpha blockers tshuaj nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog diuretics los mus tiv thaiv cov kua tuav thiab painkillers los daws mob cov tsos mob.

Medicaments ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog muab raws li ywj siab kev kho mob los yog ib txhij nrog lwm yam tshuaj los kho tus mob ntau yam kab mob.

kab mob

Ob peb kab mob, rau cov kev kho mob uas alpha-blockers yog siv:

• Nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm hypertensive kab mob nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog txoj kev kho raws li ib tug txhais tau tias mus cuag sai kho nyhuv.
• Benign growths nyob rau hauv lub prostate caj pas.
• Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus.
• Pheochromocytoma.
• Phem neoplasm ntawm lub prostate caj pas.

Contraindications

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi mob tsis txhob muab alpha- thiab beta-blockers?

Lub ntsiab contraindications rau tau txais kev npaj yog:

• tsis tshua muaj ntshav siab;
• lub cev qhuav dej;
• kho nrog diuretics;
• ntau yam mob malformations;
• mob hauv lub plawv tsis ua hauj lwm;
• mob hawb pob;
• lub plawv atherosclerosis teeb.

Tsis txhob muab cov tshuaj ntawm no zoo ntawm hnub thiab thaum lub sij hawm lactation, raws li cov leej kuaj cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntawv no tau ua.

Alpha-blockers adenoma

Basic tshuaj ntawm no pab pawg neeg yog siv rau cov kev kho mob ntawm adenomas:

• "Uroksataral".
• "Cardura".
• "Gitrin".
• "Rapaflo."
• "Flomaks".

Nyob rau hauv ib tug alpha-blocker tshuaj cov ntaub ntawv. Daim ntawv mus rau.

mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim

Lub mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam adenoma yog yooj yim, lawv coj lub suab nrov ntawm cov nqaij ntshiv ntawm lub prostate thiab lub zais zis, yog li pab alleviate tso zis.

Muab tej tshuaj kho mob chav kawm nrog ib tug neeg ntau npaum, noj ib los yog ob zaug ib hnub twg.

Muab tshuaj pawg cov neeg mob uas tshaj tus kab mob uas muaj teeb meem nrog tso zis, thiab weaker tshuaj tsis muaj cov yam nyhuv.

Lub ntsiab kho nyhuv pib tshwm tom qab ib lub lim tiam ntawm cov tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv 14-21 hnub muaj yog ib tug tseem ceeb nyem rau tus neeg mob.

ceev faj

Rau siab kho nyhuv tau txais nyob rau hauv ib tug khub ntawm alpha-blockers thiab inhibitors ntawm 5-alpha-reductase. Lub high efficiency ntawm kev siv ntawm paired npaj tau raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev kho mob soj ntsuam cov kev tshawb fawb.

Nws tsis pom zoo kom muab cov saum toj no cov tshuaj tib lub sijhawm nrog cov tshuaj los yog BADami impotence. Yuav txhim khu lub kho nyhuv blockers, uas yog undesirable. Qhov tsim nyog yuav yog ib tug ntse txo nyob rau hauv cov ntshav siab.

Lwm yam tsis zoo yuav tau txais ntawv ntawm alpha blockers Urologicals ejaculation tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv cov kab noj hniav ntawm lub zais zis. Nws ua rau tsis muaj zoo txim rau tag nrho noj qab haus huv.

Thaum uas siv cov tshuaj uas pab pawg neeg yuav kam nrog BPH yog pom zoo kom txo cov ntshav siab lwm yam tshuaj. Txais raws li ib tug keeb ntawm txoj kev kho tej zaum yuav tsis tshua zoo nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm kub siab.

Rau cov neeg mob kev txom nyem los ntawm tus kab mob hypertensive thaum soj ntsuam nrog kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub prostate caj pas alpha-blocker yog pom zoo kom tsis tu ncua saib xyuas cov theem ntawm cov ntshav siab.

Ceev faj thaum noj tshuaj

• Tshuaj nrog alpha blockers siv xwb tshuaj los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob. Tus kws kho mob yuav tsum txiav txim seb cov tshuaj, lub caij ntawm kev txais tos.
• Kev kho mob nrog rau cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv saib xyuas ntawm ib tug kws kho mob los yog chaw kho mob nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa.
• Thaum lub manifestation ntawm sab los kom tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj thiab tham ib tug kws kho mob.
• Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis hloov ntau npaum upwards ntawm nws tus kheej.
• Lwm yam tshuaj ib txhij nrog alpha-blockers yuav pom zoo nrog tus kws kho mob.
• Tsis txhob siv alpha-blockers li ib tug thaum muaj xwm ceev txoj kev kho rau hypertensive mob tsis muaj kev tso cai los ntawm ib tug kws kho mob.
• Tsis txhob txais dhau tshuaj los yog tsis hnov packing, kev puas tsuaj rau lub zog plhaub ntsiav tshuaj.
• Yuav tshuaj heev dua lwm yam ntawv tso cai cov chaw muag tshuaj.
• Thaum tau txais cov saum toj no-hais pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tshuaj lossi thoob plaws hauv lub hnub thiab yuav mus pw los ntsuas cov ntshav siab.
• Noj tshuaj rau ntshav siab thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, koj yuav tsum pom zoo nrog tus kws kho mob.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog hais tias ib tug overdose ntawm cov tshuaj yuav ua tau kom undesirable txim.