Allotropic khoom: pob zeb diamond thiab graphite. Cov mis ntawm graphite thiab pob zeb diamond.

Sawv daws puas paub tshuaj xws li graphite thiab pob zeb diamond. Graphite yog pom txhua qhov txhia chaw. Piv txwv li, nws yog los rods rau tej yam yooj yim cwj mem. Graphite - lub tshuaj yog heev pheej yig thiab pheej yig. Tab sis xws li ib tug yeeb tshuaj, xws li ib tug pob zeb diamond, nws yog txawv los ntawm graphite. Pob zeb diamond - lub feem ntau kim pob zeb, ib tug tsis tshua muaj heev thiab pob tshab, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau graphite. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau cov ntseeg, tab sis cov tshuaj mis graphite coincides nrog pob zeb diamond neeg pab leg ntaubntawv. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav sib tham txog yuav ua li cas qhov no yog ua tau.

Graphite: lub keeb kwm thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub mineral

Keeb kwm ntawm graphite mus rov qab ntau txhiab xyoo, yog li lub caij nyoog lub xyoo ntawm pib ntawm nws daim ntawv thov txheej yog tsis tshua muaj yooj yim. Graphite yog renowned yog ib tug zoo neeg xyuas pib ntawm hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no mineral yog heev yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog los rods rau cwj mem qhuav.

Cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov mineral yuav muaj xws li cov tsim ntawm xam lub tebchaw uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj xws li ntsev thiab alkali hlau. Mineral tsis yaj nyob rau hauv acids.

Formula graphite - C, i.e. nws yog ib tug ntawm cov allotropic kev hloov kho nyob ze rau lub caij ntawm lub periodic rooj - carbon.

Pob Zeb Diamond: lub keeb kwm thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub mineral

Keeb kwm ntawm cov pob zeb diamond yog heev txawv txawv. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov thawj pob zeb diamond twb pom nyob rau hauv Is Nrias teb. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, noob neej tau ua tsis tau tejyam kom to taub lub hwj chim ntawm lub pob zeb. Geologists tau tsuas paub tias cov pob zeb no yog ib qhov nyuaj heev thiab check. Kom txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 15th, diamonds muaj nqis npaum li cas tsawg tshaj emeralds thiab rubies. Thiab ces ib tug tsis paub jeweller thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov pob zeb muab nws ib tug zoo nkauj facet, uas tom qab ua lub npe hu ua cov pob zeb diamond. Nws yog ces hais tias lub pob zeb thiab tsom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov hwjchim ci ntsa iab.

Mas diamonds siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Qhov no mineral yog tus muaj zog tshaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas yog vim li cas nws yog ua ntxhib no los txhuam, cutters rau Machining khoom hlau thiab ntau dua.

Raws li peb twb paub, tus graphite nyob rau hauv lub tshuaj mis - C, tib mis muaj ib tug pob zeb diamond.

Cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb diamond thiab graphite

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov zaub mov muaj zoo xws li cov tshuaj qauv, lawv yog sib txawv heev los ntawm txhua lwm yam raws li cov tsos, thiab los ntawm ib tug tshuaj taw tes ntawm view.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, pob zeb diamond thiab graphite yog txawv kiag li lug los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Vim hais tias graphite yog muaj li ntawm ib tug kab sib chaws ntawm hexagons, whereas pob zeb diamond muaj ib tug nyhav siv lead ua qauv. Lub fragility ntawm cov graphite tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov kev txuas ntawm nws cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg heev yooj yim mus ua txhaum, nws atoms yog yooj yim sib cais los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Vim hais tias ntawm no, graphite yog ib qho yooj yim mus nqus teeb, nws yog tsaus heev, tsis zoo li cov pob zeb diamond.

pob zeb diamond qauv yog yus nyob rau hauv hais tias ib tug carbon atom yog surrounded los ntawm plaub lwm yam atoms nyob rau hauv ib tug tetrahedral pyramid los yog ib tug daim duab peb sab. Txhua atom yog nyob rau ntawm tib lub deb ntawm txhua lwm yam. Kev sib txuas lus los ntawm cov atoms yog muaj zog heev, uas yog vim li cas cov pob zeb diamond yog li ntawd nyuaj thiab check. Lwm cov pob zeb diamond vaj tse - yog hais tias nws yuav coj lub teeb, tsis zoo li graphite.

Coj txawv txawv hais tias cov mis yog tib yam li graphite pob zeb diamond mis, tab sis cov zaub mov yog sib txawv kiag li? Tsis! Vim hais tias cov pob zeb diamond yog tsim los ntawm qhov uas muaj ib tug enormous siab, thiab ces ib tug heev sai txias, thaum lub graphite tshwm sim thaum uas tsis muaj siab, tab sis ib tug heev kub.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib qho allotropic tshuaj?

Allotropic khoom - qhov no yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev tswvyim nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS. Qhov no yog lub pobzeb uas tso cai rau kom paub qhov txawv cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw los ntawm txhua lwm yam.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv allotropic tshuaj kawm rau cov piv txwv ntawm graphite thiab pob zeb diamond, raws li zoo raws li lawv sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, thaum nej tau kawm txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb diamond thiab graphite, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias allotropy - yog lub hav zoov nyob rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj tshuaj, uas txawv nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv thiab cov khoom, tab sis muaj ib tug zoo tshuaj mis los yog yuav mus rau ib yam tshuaj uas caij.

Tau graphite pob zeb diamond

Graphite mis - C - tso cai zaum yuav tsim ib tug ntau yam ntawm thwmsim, uas ua rau graphite allotropic tshuaj tau pom.

Cov xib fwb qhia thiab schoolchildren thiab menyuam kawm ntawv txog yuav ua li cas zaum tau sim los tsim diamonds ntawm graphite. Zaj dab neeg no yog heev nthuav thiab exciting, tab sis kuj nws tso cai rau koj kom nco ntsoov lub hav zoov ntawm allotropic tshuaj raws li graphite thiab pob zeb diamond, thiab lawv sib txawv.

Tej lub sij hawm dhau los, zaum tau sim los tsim diamonds ntawm graphite. Lawv ntseeg hais tias yog hais tias tus formula ntawm cov pob zeb diamond thiab graphite yog tib yam, lawv yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug pob zeb diamond, vim hais tias lub pob zeb yog kim heev thiab tsis tshua muaj. Tam sim no peb paub hais tias cov mineral pob zeb diamond tshwm nyob rau hauv, thaum lawv kub siab thiab instantaneous txias. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg tshawb fawb txiav txim siab los tshuab ѓrafit, yog li tsim tus tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau pob zeb diamond tsim. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb tshwm sim, cov tawg nyob rau hauv lub graphite tsim ib tug heev me me pob zeb diamond muaju.

Kev siv ntawm graphite thiab pob zeb diamond

Rau hnub tim, thiab graphite thiab pob zeb diamond yog mas siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam. Tiam sis hais txog 10% ntawm tag nrho cov pob zeb diamond lawm mus rau lub hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua lag ua luam. Feem ntau cov feem ntau ua los ntawm graphite cwj mem qhuav, raws li nws yog heev yooj yim thiab nkig, thiab cov nplooj ib co kua nplaum.