Aleksey Kruchenyh: biography, paj huam

Lub tragic txoj hmoo ntawm cov kws sau paj lug Alexei Kruchenykh nyob ib tug ntev lub neej, tab sis hais tias qhov no yog cov ua yeeb yam. Nws muaj ntau tshaj li 30 xyoo, twb yuam kom nyob ib lub neej raug luag ntxub txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Kaj sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej yog luv luv, tab sis tsis tshua kaj, illuminated ntse heev.

Tsev Neeg thiab Cov Menyuam Yaus

Yug Alexei Kruchenykh Lub ob hlis ntuj 21, 1886 nyob rau hauv lub zos Oliwa Kherson xeev nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim tsev neeg. Nws txiv tuaj ntawm ib tug neeg pluag tom qab, twb xub mus rau lub coachman rau lub qub txeeg qub tes, thiab mus txog rau 8 xyoo, lub neej yav tom ntej futurist nyob rau hauv ib lub zos me me ntawm 30 lub tsev, thiab ces kuv txiv txiav txim siab mus muag lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab los ua ib tug cab tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv Kherson, yog li ntawd thaum yau Alexey siv nyob rau hauv lub zos no . Ntawm no Kruchenykh kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv peb cov chav kawm ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv 1902 nkag mus hauv lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Odessa Art College. Yog li twb muaj ib tug nyob ntsiag to thaum yau cov tub hluas. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txoj kev tshawb coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub muaj zog tus ntawm nws laus tus kwv tij, uas muaj ib tug zoo heev txuj ci ntawm cov neeg pleev.

nros cov hluas

Odessa College nyob rau hauv cov hnub yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kos duab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman. Aleksey Kruchenyh tuaj txog nrog vague kev cia siab rau ib yam dab tsi kaj thiab ci ntsa iab, thiab raug kev nyuaj nrog zog ua hauj lwm, kev kawm txog cov qauv uas siv kev kos thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qhia realism thiab nyob rau hauv no style Kruchenykh sau nws thawj thawj ua hauj lwm, uas differed kev zoo sib thooj nrog cov xwm, thiab ua tim khawv rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm artistic txuj ci, tiam sis ib tug aspiring sau twb tsis ntes tau nyob rau hauv no creativity. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Odessa yog ib tug turbulent lub neej: kom ntau ntawm kev lom zem, kom nquag plias thiab ntau haiv neeg kev nom kev tswv kev ua si, tag nrho cov no fascinated Alexis. Nws tau koom tes nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Marxist vajvoog thiab txawm ib zaug puas tau raug ntes rau muaj txwv cov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tuav Kruchenykh acquaintance nrog Davidom Burlyukom, lub neej yav tom ntej tus tsim ntawm Lavxias teb sab Futurism.

thawj hu

Nyob rau hauv 1907 Kruchenyh Aleksey tau txais daim ntawv kawm tiav ntawm kev kawm tiav thiab tau mus rau Kherson yuav ib daim duab kws qhia ntawv. Tab sis nws ua npau suav ntawm kab ib tug freelance artist, li ntawd, cov kev pab cuam mus irregularly thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo yuav tsum yog ib daim ntawv thov mus kawm rau hauv Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Painting. Thiab, txawm lub fact tias nws lub tsev kawm ntawv tsis kam txais, nyob rau hauv lub Autumn ntawm 1907 nws tau mus rau Moscow nrog ib tug muaj zog muaj siab mus yuav ib tug artist.

Nyob rau hauv Moscow, nws tau txais heev heev uas yus paub nyob rau hauv lub artistic ib puag ncig, nws pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub cov phau ntawv Magazine "tswb" thiab "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav", nyob rau hauv "lub Moscow ntawv xov xwm" raws li ib tug kos duab thiab caricaturist. Nws los ua nto moo raws li ib tug cartoonist, thiab txawm tsim ib tug series ntawm tej hauj lwm "Tag nrho cov Moscow nyob rau hauv tas lauv" commissioned los ntawm ib tug loj publishing tsev. Nws kuj ntse koom nyob rau hauv creativity, overcomes nws kev kawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, nws pom nws style, tab sis nws tus npau suav - chav kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. Kruchenykh koom nyob rau hauv periodic exhibition ntawm lub Art Society of Moscow ntxias nyob rau hauv lub tso rau neeg pom "Tus Impressionists". Nws yog ib feem ntawm lub voj voog ntawm Lavxias teb sab avant-garde, tau ntsib nrog Elena Guro, Mihailom Matyushinym, Vasiliem Kamenskim.

txawj txoj hauj lwm

Kruchenykh Alex Eliseevich txawj ua hauj lwm yuav pib nrog lub tseem ceeb heev cov khoom, phau ntawv txheeb xyuas, satirical kwv huam. Nws xav tias cov ntawv - yog nws ua lag luam loj ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1912, nws tau ntsib nrog Vladimir Mayakovsky thiab Velimir Khlebnikov, uas pab tsim cov lus kawg outlook Kruchenykh uas pom nws tus kheej raws li tus creator ntawm tus tshiab cov paj huam. Nws sau zaj dabneeg luv luv thiab xyuas uas yog sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv style ntawm lub surrounding txawj kev muaj tiag, nyob rau hauv uas nws nws qhia declarative tswv yim hais txog lub neej tom ntej ntawm cov haiv neeg thiab cov arts.

Aleksey Kruchenyh thiab Lavxias teb sab avant-garde

Aleksey Kruchenyh, uas nws biography los ntawm lub 1910s yog hais txog mus rau lub avant-garde taw nyob rau hauv kos duab, los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm ntau tseem ceeb nyob rau lub artistic chaw ntawm Moscow. Nyob rau hauv 1911, nws tau ntsib nrog Benedict Livshits, uas nrog rau nws cov kwv tij Burliuk thiab Alekseem Kruchenyh tom qab revive futuristic haiv neeg "budetliane". Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub avant-garde yog booming nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, muaj cov ntau yam clubs thiab pawg, uas txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab kos duab.

Tag nrho cov ntawm cov tswv yim no yog heev nrov nrog Alex, nws collaborates nrog ob peb pab pawg thiab yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv qhov kev tso tawm ntawm ob peb anthologies ntawm futurists, "Xantau lub tsev hais plaub", "Troy", "tuag hli", "ncuav pias nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm pej xeem saj". Kruchenykh kuj tso lawv tus kheej cov phau ntawv uas theoretical cov khoom thiab cov kwv huam, thiab nws zoo nkaus li no nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: tsis tsuas yog raws li ib tug kws ntawv thiab cov theorist, tab sis kuj raws li ib tug nraaj designer. 1912 yog cov nplua nuj nyob rau hauv artistic cov txheej xwm, twists muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg D. Burliuk "Gilee" muab kev koom tes nrog cov "Jack ntawm Diamonds", koom nyob rau hauv sib cav tswv yim thiab pej xeem campaigns.

poetic creativity

Nyob rau hauv 1912, Alex Kruchenykh kwv huam rau cov uas tuaj rau lub fore, pib mus ua hauj lwm zoo nrog Velimir Khlebnikov. By lub sij hawm no, ob lub kws sau paj lug tiag koom nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm paj huam rau "tus kheej" lus, ob tug xav kho paj huam, freeing nws los ntawm cov kev kawm laj. Kruchenykh coj Khlebnikov qhia pib ntawm nws zaj paj huam, thiab nws pib nyeem, mam li nco dheev pib ua raws li qhov txuas ntxiv. Yog li tau yug los lawv sib koom paj huam «Qhov kev ua si nyob rau hauv ntuj raug txim." Tom qab ntawd, lawv tseem ua ke sau cov libretto rau lub futurist opera "Yeej Nyob rau lub hnub".

Qhov no pib Kruchenykh kev ua ub no nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm avant-garde paj huam, nws luam tawm debut phau ntawv ntawm cov kwv huam "Laus Hlub", uas tseem tsim primitivist kev lig kev cai. Cov phau ntawv, ib yam li cov paj huam twb taw qhia los ntawm koj Lavxias teb sab avant-garde Larionov thiab Natalia Goncharova, cov sawv cev ib tug qauv ntawm kev hais lus synthesis, thiab graphics. Kruchenykh pib thwmsim rau tsim illogical verses, lees txim invented lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "Mirskontsa", uas tom qab pom tau hais nyob rau hauv sau ntawm tej hauj lwm los ntawm Khlebnikov thiab Torsion ntawm lub tib lub npe.

Nyob rau hauv 1913-14 xyoo Kruchenykh xyaum nrog ib tug tshiab style - cov zajlus nonsense, nws pib mus rau sau paj huam nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm nws tus kheej tsim muaj. Tshiab tej hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv tus sau "Mem pleev di ncauj". Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov yog cov ntawv nyeem:

schyl qhov Blvd.

ubeshschur

skooma

koj yog cov uas muaj bu

p l ez ..

Raws li Kruchenykh, nws yog ntau tshaj ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab teb chaws ntsuj plig, tshaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov paj huam ntawm Pushkin. Nws txawj dag zog yog li ntawd mus ntxiv kom txog rau thaum 1930, thaum nws luam tawm ib phau ntawm cov kwv huam "Ironiada".

Xyoo tsis muaj paj huam

Txij li thaum 1930, Kruchenyh Aleksey Eliseevich uas nws cov duab feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub collections ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm avant-garde, pib txav mus deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tus khub tawm nws, tuag Mayakovsky thiab Khlebnikov, Burliuk cov kwv tij, zoo li ntau lwm yam futurists thiab advanced painters thiab paj huam, tawm hauv lub teb chaws.

Txij li thaum 1934, ua hauj lwm Kruchenykh ceased mus rau luam tawm, tom qab ntawd nws twb tsis kam lees txais rau lub Union ntawm Writers. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv ob-tes thiab antique ua hauj lwm, yog npaj mus luam tawm ib phau ntawv ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv, nyob rau hauv particular, Mayakovsky thiab Khlebnikov. Thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog, Alexei ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub xov xwm koom haum "TASS lub qhov rais". Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej Kruchenykh sau ib tug tshwj xeeb tsev qiv ntawv. Lub Soviet tsoom fwv tsis tso cai rau cov kws sau paj lug ua hauj lwm, nws twb tu ncua los ntawm txawv cov hauj lwm. Nws tsuas yog 2 xyoo ua ntej txoj kev tuag coj nws xwb nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm ib recital. Lub rau hli ntuj 17, 1968 Alex Eliseevich Kruchenykh tuag.