Akhmatova lub "Requiem": tus txhais lus los ntawm cov paj huam

Ib tug tiag tiag iconic daim duab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv yog Anna Akhmatova. "Requiem" kev soj ntsuam hu ua lub pinnacle ntawm nws lyrics. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug organically weaved txhua yam: kev hlub yaam puab paub, kws sau paj lug thiab zaj dabneeg, kws sau paj lug thiab lub hwj chim, kab lis kev cai ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua, "nyiaj" hnub nyoog ntawm Soviet muaj tiag ... Akhmatova nyob ib lub neej ntev: ib tug muab zibntab ntxhais, yog leej twg yug nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia, tus tub hluas kws sau paj lug ntawm cov kev teeb tau destined paub tag nrho cov Brunt ntawm lub Soviet pob zeb thaum sawv ntxov lub hnub qub. Nws yog tej yam ntuj tso, yog li ntawd, hais tias lub breadth ntawm nws muaj tswv yim ntau yam yuav tsum tau hu ua kev: kev hlub kwv huam, pej xeem paj huam, dab neeg hais, antique ntxhais, biblical scenes.

"Requiem", Akhmatova: txoj kev

Cov ua hauj lwm rau cov paj huam Nws ntawd kub ntev li ntawm 1935 mus 1940, nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau nyuaj, ntshav thiab txaus ntshai lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv nws lub kws sau paj lug tswj kom organically muab chronicle kab thiab ib hom ntawv nyeem kev lig kev cai pam tuag quaj. Los ntawm cov Latin «Requiem» txhais li twj ywm. Yog vim li cas yog lub npe muab rau nws ua hauj lwm Akhmatova? Requiem - ib tug lub ntees tuag rau cov tsoos Catholic thiab Lutheran pawg ntseeg. Tom qab no lub sij hawm muaj ib tug dav heev lub ntsiab lus: nws tuaj los yog lub koobtsheej uas nco txog tus tuag. Poet li ntees tuag lawv tus kheej thiab lawv cov phooj ywg nyob rau hauv khaum, thiab tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj.

Akhmatova lub "Requiem": semantic npaj

Niaj hnub nimno txawj emit nyob rau hauv ib lub paj huam ntawm plaub khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: thawj yog cuab kev thiab yog, raws li nws, "rau ntawm qhov chaw" - Mount lyrical, piav txog lub hmo raug ntes ntawm ib tug neeg hlub ib tug. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias kws sau paj lug yog raws li nyob rau hauv tus kheej kev: nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev thaum lub sij hawm twb puas tau raug ntes, nws tus tub L. Gumilyov, tus txiv ntawm N. Punin thiab penmate Mandelstam. Ntshai, tsis meej pem, feeb tsis meej - uas tej zaum yuav paub ntau ntxiv txog nws dua Akhmatova? "Requiem", txawm li cas los, tsis yog tas rau: kua muag lyrical ntawv nyeem phiajcim nrog quaj txhiab ntawm Lavxias teb sab poj niam cuam tshuam los ntawm tib lub puas tsuaj. Yog li, lub tus kheej teeb meem expands, nws yuav nce lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub ntsiab lus paj huam txoj hmoo ntawm lub heroine yog txhais raws li ib tug cim ntawm lub era. Ntawm no, cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm taw tes tawm no seb puas tsimnyog tau lub npe "monument", yos rov qab mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Derzhavin thiab Pushkin. Txawm li cas los Akhmatova monument - yog tsis yog ib tug cim ntawm lub yeeb koob, tab sis, theej lub embodiment ntawm lub neej thiab postmortem kev txom nyem. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog nug kom muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv lub tsev lojcuj qhov twg nws siv ntau yam thiaj li txaus ntshai lub sij hawm nrog nws unwitting "girlfriends." Cov duab ntawm ib tug monument ntawm cov pob zeb blends nrog qhov motive ntawm "fossils" - qhov no epithet yog ib qho ntawm feem zaus nyob rau hauv "Requiem." Nyob rau hauv lub epilogue ntawm lub monument ua ib tug pom embodiment ntawm qhov ua piv txwv "petrified kev txom nyem". Cov duab ntawm lub kev txom nyem kws sau paj lug merges nrog rau cov duab ntawm tearing sib nrug tuag Lavxias teb sab, txaus ntshai era - qhov no yog Anna Akhmatova. "Requiem" yog thib plaub thiab muaj nuj nqis txoj kev npaj. Qhov no roob niam, nws tus tub twb repressed. Nws koom lub txom nyem ntsuav ntawm leej niam ntawm Vajtswv, tsom xam cov ascent ntawm Tswv Yexus mus Khaublig. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, hmoov txhuv txhua leej niam poob nws tus tub, piv nrog rau cov raug kev txom nyem ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb Mary. Yog li ntawd tus kheej kev txom nyem ntawm ib tug poj niam thiab ib tug me nyuam yuav ntawm tag nrho cov noob neej.