Yusuf Balasaguni: ib tug luv luv biography thiab artistic cuab yeej cuab tam

Yusuf Balasaguni (xyoo ntawm lub neej 1020 (kwv yees li) - 1075) - nto moo Turkish kws sau paj lug thiab txawj xav. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tsum mob siab rau mus rau nws lub biography. Yuav ua li cas peb thiaj paub txog tus txiv neej uas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua eleventh? Historians tau cia me ntsis los ntawm me ntsis mus sib sau ua ke cov lus qhia txog nws. Hais txog qhov kev thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm tus txawj xav zoo kawg thiab lub kws sau paj lug tsis paub dab tsi. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm peb yuav tsum qhia tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas yog muaj nyob rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm no philosopher niaj hnub no.

Yusuf Balasaguni: ib tug luv luv biography

Chaw yug ntawm lub philosopher, kws sau paj lug thiab lexicographer nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm luv 1016-1020 gg. nyob rau hauv Balasagun. Ces nws yog lub peev Karakhanids lub hwj chim. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub nroog tshwm sim niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog tam sim no lub koom pheej ntawm Kyrgyzstan. Tab sis qhov twg nws yog nyob Balasagun? Zaum ntseeg tau hais tias qhov no niaj hnub Tokmak ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm lub Chu, los yog hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv Zhambyl cheeb tsam, nyob rau hauv lub qaum nce mus txog ntawm Aktobe. Cov peev ntawm lub xeev Karakhanids attracted artisans thiab intellectuals los ntawm lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Middle East. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias Yusuf Balasaguni niam txiv twb muaj myiaj neeg. Tej zaum nws tuaj ntawm lub lag luam hauv chav kawm ntawv. Txawm nws yog, Yusuf Balasaguni, biography uas, Tu siab, yog tag nrho kev ncua, tau txais ib qho kev kawm zoo. Nws yog paub nyob rau hauv Farsi thiab Arabic. Qhov chaw feem ntau xa mus rau nws raws li Yusuf Khas Hadzhibey. Nws tsis yog ib lub npe tab sis lub npe. Nws txhais tau tias "tus Minister ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm tus huab tais". Qhov no yog ib qho saib xyuas title muab rau tus kws sau paj lug huab tais ntawm Kashgar, qhov uas nws nkag tau rau nws mus rau nws lub neej txoj kev ua hauj lwm "Kutadgu bilig". Balasguni tuag nyob rau hauv 1074 los yog 1075. Faus rau hauv Kashgar.

"Qhov kev kawm ntawm kev zoo siab" los yog "Kev txawj ntse ntawm Hlub"

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Yusuf Balasaguni sau ntau poetic tej hauj lwm. Tu siab, extant tsuas yog ib qho ntawm nws cov tag nrho cov khoom. "Kutadgu bilig" yuav tsum txhais raws li "Kev txawj ntse ntawm Hlub" los yog "Cov science ntawm yuav ua li cas muaj kev zoo siab." Cov feem ntau tag ntawv sau ntawm cov paj huam yog tam sim no khaws cia rau hauv Uzbekistan, nyob hauv lub koom haum ntawm Oriental kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov Academy ntawm Sciences. Cov paj huam "Qhov kev paub ntawm Hlub" yog muab faib ua rau txhiab tsib puas nees nkaum Bayt, thiab lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, on 85 tshooj. Tus sau sau ntawv mus rau nws treatise peb cov tshuaj uas muaj peb tshooj thiab ib puas nees nkaum plaub bayt. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm kev ua hauj lwm - "Kutadgu bilig"? Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov khoom no yog ua nyob rau hauv cov hom ntawv ntawm cov paj huam, nws yog yus muaj los ntawm kev raug cai thiab moralistic orientation. Muaj ntau soj ntsuam ntawm ntseeg hais tias lub "science ntawm kev zoo siab" philosophical treatise, vim hais tias muaj peb nrhiav tau heev heev reflections rau lub ntsiab lus thiab tus nqi ntawm tib neeg lub neej, txog lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus neeg thiab zej zog.

Turkish Machiavelli?

Tsis txhob hnov qab hais tias nws ua hauj lwm "Kutadgu bilig" Yusuf Balasaguni sau ntawv mus rau tus tswv xeev ntawm Kashgar. Thiab nws tso cai rau peb mus kos parallels nrog lub treatise "Huab tais", txhawb nqa los ntawm Italian Renaissance txawj xav lub sij hawm Niccolo Machiavelli. Nws nplooj siab nws ua hauj lwm rau tus kav thiab tyrant ntawm Rome Chezare Bordzhia. Tab sis, tsis zoo li Machiavelli, uas qhia nkag rau hauv alliances thiab ua txhaum rau lawv, ntau tshaj ci rau lawv tus kheej kev nom kev tswv nce, es cov neeg, cov ua hauj lwm ntawm Yusuf Balasaguni qhia ib zaj dabneeg sib txawv. Medieval philosopher txo nws hwj rau pem hauv ntej lawv xav tau mus rau lub xeev. Nws yuav tsum tau kawm kom to taub cov kos duab thiab science mus nrhiav kev txawj ntse thiab kev ncaj ncees, kev saib xyuas rau lawv cov kev kawm. Nws yuav tau hais tias lub paj huam "Kutadgu bilig" yuav rightly xam tau tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb qhov twg los ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntawm Turkic statehood.

Yusuf Balasaguni - lexicographer

"Kev txawj ntse ntawm Hlub" tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug zoo paj huam thiab ib tug nom tswv treatise. Qhov no ua hauj lwm ntawm ntau kws tshawb fawb ntawm Yusuf Balasaguni hu ua tus thawj encyclopedia nyob rau hauv lub Turkic lus. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv "Kev txawj ntse ntawm Hlub" muaj ib tug lossis loj npaum li ntawm kev kawm sau phau ntawv paub thiab to taub nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab science. Qhov no ua hauj lwm no tshab xyuas lub theoretical khoom tswv yim kawm lub xyoo pua eleventh. Tus sau tsis yig mus qhia thiab nws cov stance. Peb pom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm philosophical to taub ntawm philosophical teeb meem. Qhov no destiny ntawm tus txiv neej, thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws lub neej, qhov chaw thiab lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov thiab kev ntug. Peb yuav hais tias nyob rau hauv lub encyclopedic ua hauj lwm Balasaguni "Kutadgu bilig" sau nws kim heev kev txawj ntse raws li ib tug philosophical thiab aesthetic thiab koom txoj kev npaj. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog ib cov kev cai hlais ntawm lub era.

Pab cov ntaub ntawv uas

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau nws lub encyclopedic ua hauj lwm, thiab nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias zaj paj huam tau sau nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm ib qho ntawm cov Turkic haiv neeg. Nyob rau nws cov nplooj ntawv, peb nrhiav tau ci ntsa iab kuaj ntawm lus dab neeg ntawm no lwm haiv neeg. Adverb, uas Yusuf Balasaguni sau nws tsis txawj tuag paj huam "Kutadgu Bilig", los ua lub hauv paus rau cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub creation ntawm cov niaj hnub Uzbek lus.

Ntiaj teb lub koob meej

Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm nws sau ntawm "Qhov kev kawm ntawm kev zoo siab" tau raug lees paub. Thiab tsis tsuas yog tus uas kav lub Kashgar. Qhov no coob leej ntau tus paub txog mentions nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov tom qab daim ntawv thov ntawm nws tus kheej Balasaguni. Tso cai rau nws lub title ntawm Khas Hajib yog nws lub npe nrab. Tus sau sau hais tias nyob rau hauv Iran, nws ua hauj lwm hu ua "Shakhname Turks '(ie Turkic" Shakhname "), thiab cov neeg nyob rau As East hu ua cov paj huam" Kutadgu Bilik "" Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub rulers "(" Ziynat al-Umar "). Cov soj ntsuam ntawm ceg tias qhov no encyclopedic ua hauj lwm sib sib zog tsa ib tug undeniable cawv rau tyurkoyazychnuyu ntaub ntawv thaum lub sij hawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog mus txog rau lub XIV-XV centuries. Tam sim no, cov paj huam "Kutadgu Bilig" txhais ua ntau yam lus. Nws yuav tsum tau nyeem nyob rau hauv lus Askiv thiab German. Yusuf nws tus kheej Balasaguni, uas nws lub qhov ntxa yuav pom txawm cov duab nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv Magazine rau cov neeg ncig uas ua ib lub teb chaws hero nyob rau hauv Kyrgyzstan. Tom qab tag nrho, nws twb yug los rau hauv lub ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, lub portrait ntawm lub Uighur kws sau paj lug adorns tus nqi ntawm lub zos no nyob rau hauv txhiab soms.