Yuav ua li cas yog cov me nyuam yaus. Hom ntawm cov me nyuam yaus, thiab lawv piav qhia

Cov kev siv ntawm tej lub tsev, seb nws yog ib tug ntiag tug tsev, sauna thiab chaw rau tsheb, yuav pib nrog lub hauv paus. Nyob rau dab tsi yog cov me nyuam yaus, peb sib tham txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, xav txog dab tsi hom yog kom tsim nyog rau ib tug qauv, thiab tsis muaj uas txawm nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub tab yuav tsis yuav zam tau.

Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm cov me nyuam yaus thiab yuav ua li cas ua rau txoj kev xaiv?

Lub hauv paus yog ib feem ntawm ib tug underground siv. Txawm hais tias nws yog tsis pom, tab sis nws yog nyob rau qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub ntsiab load-tau cov kabmob thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam. Foundation tsim nyog los txhawb tus luj ntawm load-tau cov kabmob phab ntsa, Qab Nthab, cov khoom nyob sab hauv. Tsis ceeb, nyob rau hauv nws lub zog thiab durability yog ncaj qha lub neej "lub neej" ntawm lub tsev nyob.

Xaiv txoj kev foundation - tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm. Lub xam yuav tsum tau ib tug xov tooj ntawm txawv yam. Ntawm lawv, tus struts thiab lub hom ntawm cov av, theem ntawm underground dej, te tob, thiab lwm tus neeg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tsim yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau xav txog tus luj ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab, los ntawm lub tsev ntaub ntawv rau cov rooj tog thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Hom ntawm cov me nyuam yaus, thiab lawv piav qhia - tag nrho cov no yog hais hauv qab no nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntsuam xyuas.

pawg me nyuam yaus

Qhov kev xaiv no yog tej zaum ib tug ntawm cov uas yooj yim thiab nqi nqi. Pawg yog haum txawm mos av, txij thaum lub load yuav muaj ntau tuab thiab sib sib zog nqus khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. no hom ntawm cov me nyuam yaus kev coj tus kheej muaj peev xwm yog heev siab heev, thiab nqa tawm excavation ua hauj lwm tsis yog yooj yim. Siv lawv tsuas yog nyob rau private tsawg-sawv thiab high-sawv siv.

Pawg cov me nyuam yaus yog cov sib txawv. Sami pawg yuav muab tso mas mus rau qhov chaw, thiab obliquely. Sib txawv thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm immersion rau hauv cov av. Yuav ua li cas yog cov pawg rau lub hauv paus? Lawv yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm cov ntoo, hlau los ua vaj tse. Thiab raws li cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev kho - ib, daim kab xev, los yog ib tug tag nrho pawg teb. Nws tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm storeys, qhov nyhav thiab qhov ntev ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej kev tsim kho.

sawb cov me nyuam yaus

Xws li ib tug hauv paus yog lub feem ntau ntau yam ntawm tag nrho cov. Sawb cov me nyuam yaus yog siv rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm xau thiab rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov vaj tse. Ntxiv mus, yog tias muab rau qhov kev siv ntawm lub hauv qab daus los yog chav nres tsheb, kws txawj pom zoo kom lub hauv paus nws yog ib qhov hom tsev nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej.

Sawb cov me nyuam yaus yog hauv txawv depths, nyob ntawm seb qhov heev ntawm lub txhawb phab ntsa thiab ntawm tus tsim ntawm lub tsev. Nws yuav siv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv: bricks, qhob blocks los yog rubble qhob nrov hnub no. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, cov kev xaiv yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hom av, hauv qab av theem thiab lub peev xwm txaus ntshai ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub hauv paus.

pier foundation

Raws li lub npe implies, nws yog ib lub hauv paus ntawm lub pillars, uas yog nyob nrog ib tug tej zaus nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum thiab ib ncig ntawm lub perimeter ntawm lub tsev. Nws yog nyob rau cov ncej yav tom ntej ntau loaded. Tham txog dab tsi yog cov me nyuam yaus rau lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug txias kev nyab xeeb, feem ntau cov kev xaiv ntog rau hauv dej siab ntawm lub columnar - vim hais tias lawv yuav tsis ntshai txawm ntawm sib sib zog nqus khov. Heaving xau yog vim li cas lwm rau kev siv ntawm no puag.

Tug ncej rau lub hauv paus yog ua los ntawm ntaub ntawv sib txawv, xws li pob zeb thiab ua kev reinforced, cib, ntuj pob zeb, ntoo, rubble vaj tse thiab lwm tus neeg. Qhov tsis zoo muaj xws li txoj kev pheej hmoo lawv yuav tsum tau tipping rau mos av.

Monolithic (slab) cov me nyuam yaus

Rau tej qhov chaw uas muaj nqhuab ntau ntau thiab tsis muaj zog xau, monolithic slab - qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv. Bookmark no foundation nqa rau thoob plaws lub tsev, thiab rau ntxiv cia siab rau lawv tsim kom muaj ib tug lub moj khaum ntawm kev reinforced. Uas yog, lub hauv paus yog nyob rau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm lub tag nrho cov qauv. Tej pab neeg nrog lub ntsiab qauv ntxiv muab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tshwm ntawm subsidence thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub tsev.

Slab foundation yuav qhov zoo tshaj plaws tshuaj rau lub tsev nyob rau hauv seismically active aav. Txawm tias qhov no hom yog lub feem ntau kim thiab lub sij hawm-siv mus siv, tab sis tus nqi yog nws muaj nqis. Dhau li ntawd, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi yog lub hauv paus ntawm monolithic hom, kom lawv muab xam thiab tsim zoo nkauj yooj yim.

ntiav cov me nyuam yaus

Yog hais tias lub ntsiab hauj lwm thaum lub tsev ib lub tsev - txuag lub sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag, ces qhov no foundation fits txig. Tom qab lawv cov kev sib hais haum nqi cheaply thiab yog haum ceev ceev. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, rau multi-storey thiab hnyav lug yog tsis tsim nyog, tab sis rau lub teeb sib yuav zoo tagnrho. Ib tug ntxiv zoo dua ntawm ntiav cov me nyuam yaus - lub peev xwm los thov rau lawv nyob rau hauv cov huab cua txias li zoo raws li qhov chaw nyob qhov twg cov poj txaus ntshai ntawm av heave.

Txhua lub tsev - koj foundation!

Thaum ib tug av hom thiab topography txiav txim, nws yog lub sij hawm los txiav txim uas cov kev tsim kho yuav tsum los tsim kom tau. Tom qab tag nrho, lub xov tooj ntawm storeys, loj, me, yam ntxwv yam ntxwv kuj muaj ib tug ncaj qha feem nyob rau hom foundation.

Ntoo Building, ntau nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws rau centuries, hnub no yog nkag mus rau hauv nws tej chaw dua. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, yuav tsum tau ib tug zoo paus rau vaj tse ntawm cov ntoo. Ces dab tsi yog cov me nyuam yaus rau ib tug ntoo lub tsev nyob feem ntau nyob rau hauv ceeb thawj. Tom qab tag nrho cov ntoo vaj tse peev xwm yuav ua hauv cav ntoo cav los yog tag nrho, yuav tsum tau ib tug ib los yog multi-storeyed, tau ntsib nrog hnyav ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam tsis tau lub ntsiab hom private lub tsev cov me nyuam yaus ua los ntawm cov ntoo - .. Yog piled, columnar thiab ribbon nrog ib tug me me recessed. Lawv yog cov pheej yig, yooj yim mus siv thiab yog haum rau khaub-ncaws nyias lug, dab tsi yog qhov cov tsev ntoo.

Me cottages raws caij nyoog qhov chaw nyob, da thiab hozpostroek ntawm ntoo ib tug zoo xaiv yuav tsum yog tus pier foundation. Ua tib zoo: nws xaiv yuav tsis tso cai rau cov kev txhim kho ntawm lub hauv qab daus nyob rau hauv lub tsev, yog li xav txog qhov no thaum tsim.

Paaj kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv cov ntoo qauv yuav tsum siv ntawm bored pawg. Lawv yog cov asbestos MAAs kav, qhov kev siv uas yog siv tam ntawm lub reinforcing tawb thiab pouring qhob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kav dej dab tsi rau cov tej load lag luam los ntawm lub tsev. Thaum pw xws li ib tug hauv paus yog tsim nyog los tho qhov zoo ntxaum theem ntawm cov av khov, sib sau ua ke rau lawv tus kheej kav thiab qhov cuab lub zog tawb, thiab ces muab tso rau nws tag nrho ua ke nrog qhob.

Foundation bored hom yig thiab yooj yim rau siv, nws yog tsis muaj teeb meem yuav siv tau rau mos av hom. Thaum zoo li no yog pub kom lawv muaj nyob rau hauv nws puag ob leeg ib thiab ob-storey tsev ua los ntawm cov ntoo.

Raws li rau qhov hnyav multi-storey vaj tse ua kev ua vaj tse, cib thiab qhob, nws yog zoo tsim nws tus kheej sawb foundation. Thaum nws siv siv check thiab txhim khu kev qha cov ntaub ntawv, mas vaj tse thiab ua kev reinforced, nrog txhawb ncej. Yog hais tias lub multi-storey tsev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho rau heaving xau, nws yog ib qhov zoo dua tsis siv pre-slabs thiab monolithic puag uas tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm cov hloov thiab av khov.

Fittings - ib feem ntawm lub hauv paus

Li qub yuav zoo yam foundation. Nws hom, cov chav kawm thiab hom, ib yam nkaus thiab, yog kom to taub zoo dua. Tom qab ua tib zoo tshuaj ntsuam dab tsi yog qhov cov me nyuam yaus, nws yog ua tau los txheeb xyuas cov yam influencing cov kev xaiv ntawm fittings rau ib hom los yog lwm.

Nyob rau hauv kev kawm rau hauv lub valve kuj muaj nyob hauv cov npe txhawb bar los yog pas nrig, lub pas nrig los yog rebar. Nws lub sij hawm - muab ntau dua rigidity thiab lub dag lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus. Qhov cuab lub zog yog tus los yog ribbed, kub-Kuav los tiag los yog txias-kuav los tiag, Dawb ntawm nro thiab pre-nyuab siab. Txhua yam nyob rau lub cuab yeej ntawm ntau lawm, lub hom profile thiab zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, raws li zoo raws li lub tej yam kev mob ntawm kev siv ntawm lub pob zeb ua.

Tham txog dab tsi yog haum rau lub hauv paus, peb yuav tsis nyob rau nws txhua yam khoom, nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus - cov chav kawm ntawv.

qhov cuab lub zog kawm ntawv, siv rau tso ntawm cov me nyuam yaus

• A1 - haum nrog ib tug tus (uas tsis yog-ribbed) nto thiab siab ductility. Indispensable nyob rau hauv nro. Nws adhesion rau lub pob zeb ua yog me me, yog li raws li ib tug lub ntsiab valve yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv lub lwm ntawm lub hauv paus. Tab sis nws yog zoo suited rau fastening lub ntsiab ncej.
• A2 thiab A3 - lub feem ntau hom ntawm daim kab xev rau tso paus. Qhov no grooved fittings, uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv lub bays thiab nyob rau hauv tus tuav. Nws muab zoo coupling tom qab pouring ntawm lub pob zeb ua lub hauv paus, muaj zoo kuj, siab yam ntxwv ntawm compression thiab nro.
• A4, A5, A6, uas zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv nws cov kev yam ntxwv thiab lub lub cheeb ntawm lub profile hom, tab sis txawv steel qib uas lawv ua. Nws tseem yog heev nrov nyob rau hauv pw lub foundation ntawm ntau hom.

Hlau los yog fiberglass: dab tsi los xaiv?

Nyob rau hauv lub raw cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua fittings yuav ua los ntawm steel los yog yas. Yog hais tias koj tsis tau txiav txim siab li cas los xaiv rau koj lub tsev, ua tib zoo luj tus pros thiab cons ntawm ob hom.

Steel qhov cuab lub zog robust thiab txhim khu kev qha, resistant mus rau sab nraud influences thiab check. Nws tiv hnyav loads nyob rau hauv lub deflection, uas muaj tuaj los ntawm ib tug ntau yam tseem ceeb thiab tej diametrical ntev ntawm tus pas nrig. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm no hom xws li lub siab nyhav thiab nyhav rau xeb lub sij hawm.

Fiberglass qhov cuab lub zog xws tsis deprived. Nyob rau tib lub txoj kab uas hla, nws yog plaub lub sij hawm sib zog tshaj hlau, ib qho yooj yim los mus thauj thiab yooj yim hloov rau dej. Tsis zoo li hlau, fiberglass tsis ua thaum tshav kub kub, tiam sis, xws li tshem tawm cov tsos hais tsis zoo "thermal choj" thiab ua rau kom lub insulating yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov qauv. Tab sis nws tsis yog tsis muaj drawbacks li lub cev tsis mus nqa tawm vuam ua hauj lwm thiab mus nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm dabtsi yog khoov los ua ke.

Summing li

Yog li ntawd, uas yog lub hauv paus rau lub tsev thiab dab tsi yog ib tug haum rau nws, koj paub. Tam sim no nws tseem tsuas yuav ua rau txoj kev txiav txim raws li tej kev cai. Peb yuav tsum tso siab rau cov muaj ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov av thiab nws tus yam ntxwv, ntawm qhov tob ntawm lub nqhuab, climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm lub cheeb tsam thiab thiaj li nyob.

Tsis txhob hnov qab mus rau hauv tus account, thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm uas tsa lub tsev nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, cov pob zeb thiab pob zeb ua vaj tse yuav tsum tau ntau dua tob thiab dav, thiab kuj ntau dua lub zog ntawm lub hauv paus. Thaum nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug ntoo lub tsev koj yuav tau txais txo nqi thiab txo cov complexity ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Xav txog cov xov tooj ntawm storeys: txawm yog hais tias tus phab ntsa yog lub teeb thiab nyias li sai tau, ob los sis ntau storey tsev yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ceev faj xam rau ntawm lub hauv paus.

Tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi yog cov me nyuam yaus thiab cov kev xaiv uas koj ua, lub hauv paus yog tseem muaj zog heev thiab ruaj khov ib feem ntawm lub tsev. Yog li ntawd, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov siab ntawm lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau 20 cm Xyaum no daim duab yog los ntawm 0.5 mus rau 1 'meter' -., Nyob rau hauv lub aforementioned kev. Nws kuj pom zoo ua rau kom cov theem ntawm allergic thiab, los ntawm nce lub load rau ntawm lub hauv paus.

Peb hais rau koj hais txog dab tsi yog cov me nyuam yaus. Ib tug sib piv ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv, tus uas duav txhua yam ntawm daim ntawv thov - tag nrho cov no yuav tsum pab raws li ib lub hauv paus rau qhov yog.