Computers, Cov khoom
Yuav ua li cas yog cov connectors ntawm hard drives?
Hard disk - yooj yim thiab me me "box" nrog lub siab uas stores lossis loj nyiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug computer ntawm tej niaj hnub siv.
Nws yog zoo li, nws mas los ntawm sab nraum: khuav txaus Bagatelle. Ob peb thaum teev, lwv, luam, thiab lwm yam kev ua nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ntau tseem ceeb qhia rau cov nyuaj tsav mus rau lub computer sis txoj ntsiab cai. Thiab yog hais tias caij nyoog - ncaj qha los ntawm lub motherboard nws tus kheej.
Raws li cov Cheebtsam yog kev cob cog rua rau hauv ib tus lag luam, yuav ua li cas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub hard drive nws tus kheej, uas txuas lub connectors nws muaj, thiab zoo li cas txhua tus ntawm lawv yog - yog tej yam tseem ceeb txog cov ib txwm rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv cia ntaus ntawv.
HDD interface
Tias qhov no lub sij hawm yuav zoo yuav raug hu ua tus sis nyuaj tsav mus rau lub motherboard. Tus heev tib lo lus muaj ib tug ntau dav heev lub ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li, qhov kev pab cuam interface. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog hais txog qhov uas muab ib txoj kev ntawm tib neeg kev sis raug zoo nrog cov software (user-friendly "phooj ywg" tsim).
Tsis tau discord interface interface. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov HDD thiab motherboard nws tsis yog ib tug qab ntxiag nraaj tsim rau cov neeg siv, thiab ib tug tshwj xeeb cov teeb ntawm cov kab thiab cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob twg. Mus rau txhua lub lwm yam, cov Cheebtsam yog kev cob cog rua ntawm kab - mus rau lub inputs ntawm lub cable ntawm ob hnub. Lawv yog tsim los txuas mus rau ib tug qhov chaw nres nkoj nyob hauv lub hard drive thiab motherboard.
Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, tag nrho cov interface rau cov pab kiag li lawm - ob cables. Ib txuas mus rau lub hard drive hwj chim connector rau ib tug thaum kawg thiab mus rau lub computer fais fab mov mus rau lwm lub. Ib tug thib ob ntawm lub loops txuas HDD mus rau lub motherboard.
Raws li nyob rau hauv yav tas los lub sij hawm kev cob cog rua lub zog tsav - IDE connector, thiab lwm yam relics ntawm yav dhau los
Cov heev thaum pib, tom qab uas muaj ntau tshaj HDD interfaces. Ancient los ntawm hnub no tus qauv Integrated Drive Electronics nyob rau kev ua lag luam txog 80 xyoo ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. IDE cia translates li "kos xws li".
Raws li ib tug uas tig mus tej ntaub ntawv interface, nws tseem yog hu ua ATA - Advanced Technology Attachment. Txawm li cas los, tus nqi lub sij hawm, tus tshiab SATA technology thiab nce loj loj tej chaw nyob rau hauv lub lag luam raws li ib tug txheej txheem ATA twb renamed patÄ (thaum uas tig mus ATA) kom tsis txhob tsis meej pem.
Tsis tshua muaj neeg qeeb thiab heev heev crude nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev nta, lub interface nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm nws tej chaw yuav hla los ntawm 100 mus 133 megabytes ib ob. Thiab nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav, t. Yuav kom. Nyob rau hauv tiag tiag xyaum, cov nuj nqis no ntau coj. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, newer interfaces thiab connectors nyuaj tsav IDE yuav qhia ib tug sizeable backlog los ntawm niaj hnub tsim.
Koj puas xav tias koj yuav tsum tsis txhob underestimate thiab txaus nyiam sib nrauj? Cov laus tiam yuav nco ntsoov hais tias cov kev peev xwm ntawm patÄ cia tuav ob HDD nrog tsuas yog ib lub voj kev cob cog rua rau lub motherboard. Tab sis lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog zoo li faib ib nrab. Thiab qhov no yog tsis muaj hais txog cov hlau dav, cas tiv thaiv nws qhov ntev tshiab pa txaus los ntawm tus kiv cua nyob rau hauv lub system unit.
Yuav kom peb IDE twb lawm outdated ob lub cev thiab morally. Thiab yog hais tias kom txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav ntsib no connector rau lub motherboard ntawm lub qis thiab theem nrab nqi ya, tam sim no lub manufacturers lawv tus kheej tsis pom nws raws li ib tug prospect.
Txhua tus neeg nyiam SATA
Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, IDE tau ua qhov tseem loj heev interface nrog cia media. Txawm li cas los, cov ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob thiab ua technology rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau qhov chaw tsis stagnate, muab sai conceptually tshiab tshuaj. Tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tswv ntawm ib tug tus kheej lub computer. Thiab lub npe ntawm nws - SATA (Serial ATA).
Pom qhov txawv nta ntawm lub interface - thaum uas tig mus tej ntaub ntawv kis tau tus mob, uas tsis muaj zog noj (piv nrog rau IDE), tsawg cua sov Cheebtsam. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm tag nrho ntawm nws tej chaw tau nyiaj dhau los SATA kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv peb theem ntawm audits:
- SATA kuv - 150 Mb / c.
- SATA II - 300 Mb / s.
- SATA III - 600 Mb / s.
Qhov thib peb kho nqi lus kuj kho khub tau tsim:
- 3.1 - ntau tshaj ib tug paub bandwidth, tab sis nws kuj tas cov kev txwv ntawm 600 MB / s.
- 3.2 specification SATA Express - mus ntse siv ib merger SATA thiab PCI-Express pab kiag li lawm, uas muaj zog nyeem / sau ceev interface mus txog 1969 Mb / s. Roughly hais lus, lub tshuab yog cov "adapter" uas converts ib txwm SATA hom ntawm ib tug ceev ntawd thiab muaj ib tug PCI-connector kab.
Qhov tiag cov nuj nqis, ntawm chav kawm, yog kom meej meej sib txawv ntawm cov zaj lus. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws ua ntev li bandwidth interface - .. Muaj ntau niaj hnub drives tib 600MB / s heev, yog li ntawd rau lawv tsis Ameslikas tsim los khiav lag luam rau xws li ib tug nyeem / sau ceev. Tsuas yog nrog rau cov zaj uas lub sij hawm, thaum lub lag luam yuav maj tag nrho high-ceev drives nrog zoo kawg kev kawm rau hnub no tus ceev, cov kev peev xwm ntawm SATA yuav siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho.
Thaum kawg, muaj ntau yam ntawm lub cev sib nrauj tau tiav. SATA yog tsim los rau cov kev siv ntawm ntev cables (1 'meter' rau 46 centimeters, uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog IDE connector) nrog ib tug ntau compact loj thiab qab ntxiag tsos. Muab kev pab rau cov "kub puav» HDD - txuas / disconnect lawv yog tau tsis tau xa tawm cov computer (tab sis yog pre tseem yuav tau qhib AHCI hom nyob rau hauv lub BIOS).
Nce yooj yim thiab connectivity rau lub voj connectors. Yog li tag nrho cov versions ntawm lub interface yog rov qab tau tshaj ib leeg (hard disk SATA III tsis muaj teeb meem kev cob cog rua rau connectors SATA II rau lub motherboard, SATA kuv - mus SATA II, etc ...). Lub tsuas caveat - lub siab tshaj plaws kev ceev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav muaj mus rau feem ntau "laus" link.
Cov tswv ntawm cov laus pab kiag li lawm yuav tsis tsum sab laug qab - twb muaj lawm adapters los ntawm patÄ rau SATA variably tseg rau kim kim yuav niaj hnub HDD los yog ib tug tshiab motherboard.
Sab nraud SATA
Tab sis tsis yeej ib txwm ib tug standard ib qho nyuaj tsav fits neeg siv kev pab raws qib. Tej zaum yuav tsum tau mus cia loj nyiaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau siv ntawm qhov chaw sib txawv thiab, raws li, kev thauj mus los. Rau xws li tus neeg mob, thaum ib tug muaj rau tsav tsheb mus ua hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tsev, thiab tsim lwm nyuaj drives. Vim qhov xwm ntawm lawv pab kiag li lawm, lawv yuav tsum tau ib tug heev txawv kev twb kev txuas interface.
Xws li yog qhov zoo ntawm ntau SATA tsim los ntawm connectors lwm hard drives, nrog ib tug prefix lwm. Lub cev, qhov no interface yog tsis tau tshaj tus qauv SATA-ports, tab sis nws muaj tib bandwidth.
Muaj kev pab txhawb nqa rau HDD «kub puav", thiab cov cable ntev yog nce mus rau ob meters.
Nyob rau hauv cov thawj eSATA embodiment tso cai tsuas pauv ntaub ntawv, tsis muaj pub mus rau hauv lub qhov sab nraud nyuaj tsav zog yuav tsum tau. Qhov no drawback ua rau cov kev siv ntawm ob loops rau ib tug kev twb kev txuas tau lawm tsau nrog cov sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm modifying lub Hwj Chim eSATA, muab cov eSATA technology (lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv) mus rau lub USB (lub luag hauj lwm rau cov zaub mov).
Universal serial chaw tos tsheb loj
Zoo ua lub feem ntau standard rau serial interface kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov technology, Universal Serial Bus nta paub rau txhua leej txhua tus.
Thaum raug kev txom nyem ib tug ntev li keeb kwm ntawm loj cov kev hloov lawm, USB - yog ib tug siab cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi, muab unprecedented hwj chim ib tug plurality ntawm peripheral pab kiag li lawm, raws li zoo raws li lub simplicity thiab yooj yim nyob rau hauv niaj hnub siv.
Tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li Intel, Microsoft, Phillips, thiab US Robotics, lub interface tau ua tus embodiment ntawm ob peb kev dee:
- Tailoring computers. Standard peripherals kom txog thaum lub USB tau es txwv nyob rau hauv ntau yam thiab lub hom yuav tsum tau rau txhua tus neeg qhov chaw nres nkoj (PS / 2 qhov chaw nres nkoj mus cuag ib tug Joystick, SCSI thiab thiaj li nyob. D.). Nrog lub advent ntawm USB xeeb hais tias nws yuav niaj hnub zoo li thiab universal hloov considerably simplifying sis nrog lub computer kiag li lawm. Ntxiv mus, nws twb tseem xav hais tias tus tshiab tsim rau nws lub sij hawm, los txhawb kom cov emergence of non-tsoos peripherals.
- Xyuas kom cov kev twb kev txuas ntawm cov xov tooj txawb rau computers. Yog faib nyob rau hauv cov xyoo ib tug ib txwm ntawm kev hloov mus rau cov mobile tes hauj lwm rau lub suab qhia hais tias tsis muaj ntawm cov interfaces tsim los ntawm ces yuav tsis xyuas kom meej cov kev hloov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub suab los ntawm tus xov tooj.
- Tus invention kev nplij siab hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "ntsaws thiab ua si" haum rau "kub plugging."
Raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog qhov loj feem ntau ntawm cov technology, cov hard disk USB-connector rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tau ua kiag paub rau peb lub phenomenon. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, qhov no interface yeej ib txwm pom hais tias tshiab heights-speed nyeem / sau tau ntawv zoo.
USB version | piav qhia | muaj peev xwm |
USB 1.0 | Thawj tso version ntawm lub interface tom qab ob peb yam ua ntej versions. Muab ib hlis ntuj 15, 1996. |
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USB 1.1 | Ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm version 1.0, nws fixes ib tug ntau ntawm teeb meem thiab tsis. Launched nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1998, thawj tau loj tej chaw. | |
USB 2.0 | Launched nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 2000, cov thib ob version ntawm cov interface nta ib tug tshiab, ntau high-ceev hom High-Speed lag luam. |
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USB 3.0 | Qhov tseeb tiam ntawm USB, yuav tau txais tsis tau tsuas yog cov tshiab kev ntsuas ntawm muaj peev xwm, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov kob xiav / liab. Hnub ntawm tshwm sim - 2008. | Mus txog 600 MB ib ob |
USB 3.1 | Ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb kho nqi lus, uas yog luam tawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 31, 2013. Nws yog muab faib ua ob hloov uas tej zaum yuav muab tej hard disk nrog USB-connector tshaj plaws ceev mus txog rau 10 gigabits ib ob. |
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Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhov specification, ntau yam versions ntawm USB yog DVR thiab rau ntau hom kev pab kiag li lawm. Ntawm cov ntau ntau yam ntawm cables thiab connectors uas interface tso tawm:
| USB 2.0 | txheem | Mini | micro |
hom A | |||
ntaus B |
USB 3.0 yuav muaj lwm yam tshiab - C. Cables ntawm no hom yog symmetrical thiab tso rau hauv lub tsim nyog ntaus ntawv los ntawm tog.
Nyob rau lwm cov tes, peb kho nqi lus tsis muab Mini thiab Micro «subspecies» cables rau hom A.
lwm FireWire
Rau tag nrho nws cov chaw, eSATA, thiab USB - tsis yog txhua txhua kev xaiv yuav ua li cas coj mus cuag cov connector ntawm lwm nyuaj tsav mus rau lub computer.
FireWire - ib tug me ntsis tsawg zoo-paub cov pawg nyob rau hauv ib tug high-ceev interface. Muab serial kev twb kev txuas ntawm sab nraud pab kiag li lawm, uas yog kuj txaus siab los ntawm ib tug xov tooj nrog rau lub HDD.
Nws vaj tse isochronous cov ntaub ntawv hloov lwm lub tsev yog tsuas yog pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv multimedia tshuab (camcorders, DVD-players, cov suab khoom). Hard drives kev cob cog rua rau lawv npaum li cas tsawg, muab nyiam rau SATA los yog zoo USB-interface.
Nws tshaj kev kawm, qhov no technology tau tau maj. Yog li ntawd, cov thawj version ntawm lub FireWire 400 (1394a) yog sai dua nws cov ntsiab rival, ces USB 1.0 - 400 megabits ib ob tiv tiag 12. Qhov siab tshaj plaws cable ntev - 4.5 meters.
Lub sij hawm tuaj txog ntawm USB 2.0 tau sab laug qab ib tus nrog sib ntaus, uas pauv cov ntaub ntawv rau ntawm 480 megabits ib ob. Txawm li cas los, nrog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tus txheej txheem tshiab FireWire 800 (1394b), uas koj mus hloov 800 megabits ib ob nrog ib tug tshaj plaws cable ntev ntawm 100 meters, USB 2.0 tau tsawg nyob rau hauv coob nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Qhov no txhais txoj kev loj hlob ntawm peb version ntawm lub Universal Serial Bus, txhab cov ntaub ntawv pauv qab nthab txog li 5 Gbit / s.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov txawv lwm feature ntawm lub FireWire yog decentralized. Cov kis tau tus mob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub USB-interface tas yuav tsum tau muaj cov PC. FireWire kuj tso cai rau kom pauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pab kiag li lawm tsis muaj tas pib ib lub computer rau cov txheej txheem.
Thunderbolt
Nws lub zeem muag ntawm dab tsi lub zog tsav connector yuav tsum nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej ua rau lub undisputed standard, Intel tsom lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv nrog kua, cuag lub ntiaj teb no Thunderbolt interface (los yog, raws li nws tus qub code lub npe, Lub teeb Ncov).
Ua tau rau PCI-E thiab cov DisplayPort architectures, qhov no txoj kev loj hlob ua rau nws tau mus rau kis cov ntaub ntawv, suab, video thiab lub hwj chim tshaj ib zaug xwb chaw nres nkoj nrog ib tug tiag tiag impressive ceev - mus txog rau 10 Gb / s. Nyob rau hauv tiag tiag kev ntsuam xyuas, daim duab yog ib nyuag ntau coj thiab mus txog ib tug tshaj plaws ntawm 8 GB / s. Tsis tau txawm li ntawd, Thunderbolt tau overtaken nws ze analogues FireWire 800 thiab USB 3.0, tsis hais thiab eSATA.
Tab sis raws li qhov loj muab faib rau ntawm no pheej muaj lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug tib qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab connector twb tsis tau tau txais. Hos ib txhia manufacturers yog tam sim no ntse kev connectors lwm hard drives, Thunderbolt interface. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, tus nqi ntawm cov kev possibilities ntawm lub tshuab yog tseem yog ib tug kuj txiav txim siab, thiab yog li ntawd raws li no txoj kev loj hlob mas cov high-luv nqi kiag li lawm.
Tau tshaj USB thiab FireWire yuav ua tau tiav los ntawm kev siv ib qho uas tsim nyog adapter. Qhov no mus kom ze tsis ua rau lawv sai nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, t. Yuav kom. Ob interfaces bandwidth tseem nyob unchanged. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm no yog tsuas yog ib - Thunderbolt tsis yog ib tug txawj caij nrog xws li ib tug kev twb kev txuas, uas siv tag nrho cov kev possibilities ntawm USB thiab FireWire.
SCSI thiab SAS - yog dab tsi hnov, tsis yog txhua txhua
Lwm thaum uas tig mus interface mus cuag peripheral pab kiag li lawm ua hauj lwm ceev tus kub siab nyob rau hauv ib tug taw tes ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, los ntawm lub desktop rau ib tug dav ntau yam ntawm cov khoom.
«Me me Computer System Interface» yog tsim ib tug me ntsis ua ntej lawm SATA II. Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub xeem, ob qho tib si interfaces rau cov khoom twb yuav luag zoo tib yam rau txhua tus lwm yam, muaj peev xwm muab ib tug connector mus cuag lub hard drive ruaj khov ua hauj lwm nrog computers. Txawm li cas los, SCSI siv nyob rau hauv cov tsheb npav, vim hais tias ntawm yog dab tsi lub maub los tau khiav lag luam tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov kev cob cog rua pab kiag li lawm.
Ntxiv kev cai ntawm lub tshuab, uas tau nrhiav ib lub npe tshiab SAS (Serial Txuas SCSI), twb tau stripped ntawm nws cov qub shortcomings. SAS tso cai pab kiag li lawm mus txuas rau ib txheej ntawm SCSI commands tswj los ntawm lub cev interface, uas yog zoo li tus tib SATA. Txawm li cas los, ntau lub sij hawm tso cai rau koj mus cuag tsis tau tsuas yog txuas tsav nyuab, tab sis kuj yog ib tug ntau ntawm lwm yam peripherals (printers, scanners, thiab hais txog. D.).
Txhawb "kub swapping" pab kiag li lawm, dilators npav caij mus rau ib txhij txuas ntau SAS-pab kiag li lawm rau ib qhov chaw nres nkoj, thiab muab rov qab compatibility nrog rau cov SATA.
NAS prospects
Ib tug nthuav txoj kev mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov loj tagnrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, sai nkag mus rau hauv chaw nyob rau hauv hnub no lub voj voog.
Network Txuas Cia , los yog NAS rau luv luv yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib lub computer nrog ib co disk array, uas yog kev cob cog rua rau lub network (feem ntau yog ib lub zos) thiab muab cia thiab hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lwm cov kev cob cog rua lub computer.
Nyob rau hauv nws lub luag hauj lwm raws li ib tug network cia rau lwm pab kiag li lawm, qhov no mini neeg rau zaub mov yog kev cob cog rua ntawm lub Ethernet-zoo tib yam cable. Ntxiv nkag tau mus rau nws qhov chaw los ntawm tej yam browser txuas mus rau lub NAS network chaw nyob. Uas twb muaj lawm cov ntaub ntawv rau nws yuav siv tau rau Ethernet-cable, thiab siv cov Wi-nkaus.
Qhov no technology ua rau nws ua tau rau muab ib tug txaus robust theem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cia thiab muab nws yooj yim rau ib qho yooj yim nkag tau mus rau thoj tus neeg.
Nta txuas nyuaj drives rau laptops
HDD lag luam hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub chaw computer yog tsis tshua muaj tej yam yooj yim thiab yog tseeb rau txhua leej txhua tus - nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau tsim nyog cable los txuas rau cov hard disk hwj chim connectors nrog lub hwj chim tsev thiab piv txuas lub ntaus ntawv mus rau ib tug motherboard. Thaum twg koj siv cia lwm, koj muaj peev xwm txawm ua ib tug tsheb ciav hlau (Hwjchim eSATA, Thunderbolt).
Tab sis yuav ua li cas siv connectors ntawm phau nyuaj drives? Tom qab tag nrho, txawv tsim yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account ob peb lwm nuances.
Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, mus cuag cia li ncaj qha "hauv" ntawm lub ntaus ntawv yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub fact tias cov HDD daim ntawv ceeb yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li lub 2.5 "
Secondly, nyob rau hauv ib tug laptop nyuaj tsav kev cob cog rua rau lub motherboard ncaj qha. Tsis muaj ntxiv cables. Cias unscrew lub hauv qab ntawm lub pre-off lub hau rau HDD. Nws muaj ib lub daim ntawv thiab yog feem ntau mounted ib tug khub ntawm bolts. Nws yog nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm thiab yuav tsum muab tso rau ib tug cia ntaus ntawv.
Tag nrho cov connectors ntawm phau nyuaj drives yog kiag li zoo tib yam rau nws loj "tus kwv tij", tsim los rau cov PC.
Lwm kev twb kev txuas cov kev xaiv - yuav siv ib cov adapter. Piv txwv li, SATA III tsav yuav tsum txuas mus rau lub USB-ports muaj nyob rau ntawm lub laptop nrog kev pab los ntawm lub adapter SATA-USB (kev ua lag luam sawv cev ib tug ntau ntawm cov pab kiag li lawm rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm interfaces).
Suffice nws mus cuag ib tug HDD mus rau lub adapter. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, kev cob cog rua rau ib tug 220V fais fab mov. Thiab ib tug USB cable los txuas rau tag nrho cov qauv nrog ib tug laptop, ces lub zog tsav yuav tsum tau qhia, nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas ib tug ntau nqe lus.
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