Xaiv ob evils: dab tsi yog tus xaiv?

Cov kev xaiv yog yeej ib txwm nyuaj rau ua. Thiab tseem muaj ntau li yog hais tias lawv yuav tsum xaiv ntawm ob evils. Qhov no catch kab lus txhua leej txhua tus paub. Nyob rau nws yuav tsum tau los sib tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Siab phem. Yuav ua li cas yog nws?

Coj txawv txawv formulation ntawm cov nqe lus nug - rau xaiv ntawm ob evils. Yuav ua li cas yog koj yuav ua tau kev phem? Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, cov neeg no siv rau hauv lawv lub neej los mus kov yeej obstacles, daws teeb meem thiab kov yeej kev nyuaj siab. Phem - lub zuag qhia tag nrho tswvyim uas theem ua ke tag nrho cov complexity ntawm cov teeb meem thiab vicissitudes uas tshwm sim lawm.

Nws yuav muaj ib co uas muaj feem yuav tej yam uas keeb kwm, tab sis nws tsis tau yuav tuag taus. Uas yog kev phem nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov phraseologisms hu ua tag nrho cov uas yog tsis qab ntxiag thiab xis rau tus neeg.

keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau

Los ntawm cov keeb kwm nws yog tseeb hais tias rau ib ntev lub sij hawm tus neeg xaiv los ntawm ntau npau taws hais tias xws li ib tug kev txiav txim siab lawv muaj kom txawm nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Cov hais ntawm cov lus muaj ntau yam kev xaiv.

Aristotle (Ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, 384 BC), sau nyob rau hauv nws "Nicomachean Ethics" ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau xaiv lub "tsawg ntawm ob evils."

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Cicero, uas nyob li BC ('43), nws sau hais tias nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau xaiv lub tsawg ntawm ob evils, thiab mus nrhiav nyob rau hauv nws ib yam dab tsi zoo (ua hauj lwm "Nyob rau txoj hauj lwm").

Muaj yog ib qho ancient paj lug nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, tiam sis nws ntxhib txhais lus - "Ntawm ob tsis zoo xaiv xaiv ib tug uas yog tsawg kawg yog phem."

Lavxias teb sab Tsar Peter Kuv (1711) siv cov kev qhia "tsawg ntawm ob evils xaiv lub tsawg kawg yog" nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov tsiaj ntawv Apraksin, Lavxias teb sab tub rog commander.

Raws li cov paj lug txog cov kev xaiv ntawm ob evils yog muaj nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab phau ntawv txhais lus Dahl (1853).

philosophical mus kom ze

Thiab yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum coj siab phem? Qhov tseeb yog tias los ntawm ib tug philosophical taw tes ntawm view, ib tug neeg yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug xaiv. Xav ua kom tau lub sijhawm tsis muaj nyob.

Ancient txhab tau paub peb ib lub tswv yim ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm tib neeg lub siab. Nws yog peev xwm ua tau kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lawv cov haum (rau cov ciaj sia taus) nyob rau hauv tej teeb meem no. Thiab yog hais tias muaj ntau ntau npau taws tias qhov no yuav tiv thaiv kom txhob lub hlwb los xaiv? Tsis muaj dab tsi, uas yog txoj cai ntawm qhov. Txwv tsis pub, cov tib neeg hom yuav tau ntev txij li zoo, raws li muaj ntau yam muaj sia nyob uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua ntej.

Muaj kev xaiv rau cov lus sib cav txog lub hav zoov uas tau "them phem rau qhov zoo," "ua, ntxiv rau rho tawm" thiab lwm tus neeg. Cov me nyuam no poob mus rau hauv lub tib qeb ntawm kev xaiv ntawm ob evils.

Piv txwv ntawm classic

Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv tau siv lub paj lug nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, IB Ostrovsky (cov khoom ntawm "Lig Hlub") tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj ntawm nws heroine: "Los ntawm lub siab phem nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv uas zoo."

Kws ntawv Tolstoy nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm Ioanna Groznogo tus huab tais sau hais tias tsis muaj ib tug yuav tsis ntseeg coj lub tsawg ntawm ob evils hem hais tias qhov no yog tsis yooj yim sua thiab "peb tsis muaj cov kev xaiv."