Weld tsis xws luag: kev faib thiab kev

Vuam - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb dab ntau lawm. Nrog nws, cov kev twb kev txuas yog ua los ntawm steel daim nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau varied designs. Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm yam kev dab, tej zaum kuj yog ib tug sib yuav. hais txog weld tsis xws luag hauv qab nws, uas muaj peev xwm ruaj txo qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav, yog hais tias tsis ua nws cov lag luam.

kev faib

Los ntawm txoj kev, yuav ua li cas muaj peev xwm lawv tau muab faib? Tag nrho weld tsis xws luag muab faib ua peb loj pawg:

• Sab nrauv.
• Internal.
• Looping.

Sab nraud tsis xws luag weld yog feem ntau cov feem ntau heev heev qeb. Nws muaj xws li: ib yam nkaus thiab loj me me, raws li zoo raws li lub xaav ntawm tus txha kab, txawv nodules, "txiav", lub plhaub shrinkage thiab tsis nyob hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm vuam Craters, tej kab nrib pleb los yog porosity. Nonuniform weld dav kuj koom no tsiaj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lwm tus tsis xws luag ntawm welded pob qij txha yog cov tsawg kawg yog txaus ntshai qeb.

Raws li, qhov nrog xws li pores, heev heev inclusions ntawm slag yog tsis qoos siav qhov chaw, thiab ib tug keej nyob rau hauv lub thickness ntawm weld hlau. Nrog kev xav txog los ntawm tsis xws luag, nws fistulas, extending los ntawm tag nrho cov thickness ntawm ib sab tej kab nrib pleb, thiab burnout.

Lub ntsiab ua rau Vuam tsis xws luag

• Yuav luag ib txwm lawv yuav tshwm sim thaum sim mus siv tsis tshua muaj neeg pheej yig thiab tsis tshua muaj qib ntaub ntawv.
• Ib yam yuav hais tau rau cov neeg pluag zoo ntawm vuam cov khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zaus ntawm tshwm sim uas tsis xws luag feem ntau tsub kom tom qab txom nyem kho uas siv los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb.
• Ntawm cov hoob kawm, li no feem ntau heev nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm lub tshuab.
• Loj tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub weld leeg yog tsis yooj yim dua rau inexperienced cov tub txawg uas muaj tsawg peev xwm.

Nws yog ib qho yooj yim to taub hais tias lub feem ntau high-quality khoom uas tau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm tag nrho cia li khoom. Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub yooj yim ntawm cov ntshoo. Yog li, ib tug loj kuj leeg thiab ua txhaum ntawm nws cov dav yog heev feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg lub welder (txawm tej) ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis xis txoj hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, tsis yuam nyob rau hauv cov kev cai rau qhov kev siv ntawm vuam muaj yam khoom uas yog tshwj xeeb yog stipulate ib tug ua tiav equip lub chaw ua hauj lwm, muab nws zoo ergonomics.

ib qho tseem ceeb daim ntawv

Txawm tias ib tug novice welders paub zoo hais tias mus rau loj kawg nkaus leeg lub dag lub zog yuav tsum muaj ib tug me me qhov nce ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 1-2 hli. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tib lub welders feem ntau lees ib tug blunder thaum ua tau ntawm 3-4 hli. Yeej, nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim ntau, tsis muaj dab tsi tsis ncaj ncees lawm nrog hais tias, tab sis tsis yog thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom, yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib tug dynamic lub xeev ntawm cov load. Tag nrho cov no ua rau yus muaj kev nyuaj siab concentration thiab ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv lub yuav ua rau muaj breakage.

undercut

Raws li peb twb hais tias, tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv welds thiab kev sib txuas yog cov tsis tshua txaus ntshai. Nws tsis yog nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam dab tsi yuav tshwm sim yog hais tias lawv yuav nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, npaj yuav tsum tau kev txhawb, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj them yug qauv ntawm cov railway choj. Lawv yog tshwj xeeb yog txaus ntshai nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Vuam qhov chaw ntawm stainless steel, yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov kub hloov.

Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai yog undercut, raws li lawv yog ib tug natural "roj teeb" voltage, uas yuav tsum tau feeb meej nyob rau hauv lub weakest chaw weld. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv txo nws ua hauj lwm seem raws li ib tug tsis tshua tej yam tsis zoo rau lub zog ntawm kev twb kev txuas.

Feem ntau, cov sab nraud tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv welds nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob tsis kho. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov hlau (feem ntau yog) yuav tseem muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj-profile sib yuav, uas yuav ua tau kom tseem ceeb heev txim.

Raws li muaj undercuts?

Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas yog seeb heev npaum li cas tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog qhov ntev arc, qhov no zoo tshaj muab yuav luag ib puas feem pua muaj tseeb ntawm lawv tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, undercuts tshwm sim thaum dhau sai xaav cua kub qhov saum toj no cov hlau nto.

Yog hais tias tus tsim tab sis yog ib tug me ntsis ib qho tseem ceeb, txawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv welds thiab cov tebchaw ntawm no hom yog kiag li tsis tsim nyog. Corrects lawv siv ib tug nyias zoo huv si vuam leeg. Yog hais tias muaj xws li tau nthuav dav nws yog zoo dua mus kiag li hloov (nco ntsoov tias kawg hais siv rau tag nrho cov tsis xws luag).

Ntau siav hlau

Yog hais tias xws li ib tug chaw nres tsheb nyob txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub leeg thickness, nws yog tsis tshua muaj txaus ntshai. Ua ntej, nrhiav tau xws li ib tug kho raws tsuas siv tau lub qhov khuam. Secondly, lawv rov qab los khwv ib yam txhawj xeeb nyob rau hauv cov hlau. Nyob rau hauv nrog cov kev ua txhaum ntawm ib tug welded qauv, tag nrho cov no ua rau yus txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm ntxov ntxov tsis ua hauj lwm kom paub meej. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau xws nrog tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv welds tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm siv alloyed hlau thiab pluag vuam cov khoom.

Porosity (tsis hais txog ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob) sharply thiaj li muaj dag muaj zog zog tsis tsim nyog qhov tseem ceeb, ua rau "delamination" ntawm cov hlau, i.e. cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm nws cov natural qauv. Paub meej txawm nrog tsawg porosity yog ob peb lub sij hawm ntau yuav mus ua txhaum nyob rau hauv load txawm nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub lag luam. Muaj pores ntawm txhaum gases uas tsuas yog tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus rho los ntawm cov molten hlau txheej.

Raws li nrog rau tag nrho cov hom ntawm weld tsis xws luag, lawv yog heev feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsawg-zoo nqaij nyoos electrodes. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim hais tias lub porosity tshwm sim vim muaj ib co impurities nyob rau hauv shielding gases. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv, qhov no hom ntawm kho raws tej zaum yuav kuj tshwm sim nyob rau excessively siab vuam ceev thaum corny ua txhaum lub meej mom ntawm tus tiv thaiv cov roj "da dej".

slag inclusions

Inclusions ntawm slag heev lwj lub uniformity ntawm cov hlau qauv. Lub classic ua ntawm tsim - inadvertent trimming ob leeg nto los ntawm xeb thiab scale residues. Qhov ntau yam ntawm lawv tshwm sim nyhav xoom nrog lub proviso vuam txheej ntawm kev tiv thaiv gases. Tsis tshua muaj tig puag ncig puab nruab nrab yog tsis muaj kev phom sij, cov khoom los ntawm lawv tej zaum yuav mus OTC.

Nco ntsoov hais tias yog siv nyob rau hauv Vuam lub tungsten electrode, lub ntsiab lus tej zaum yuav pom tias hlau hais. Lawv degree ntawm kev txaus ntshai - raws li nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los cov ntaub ntawv (ie, nws yog permissible tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv welds ..).

tej kab nrib pleb

Muaj transverse thiab longitudinal extending ob mus rau lub leeg thiab hlau nrog los yog nyob ze nws. Lawv yog cov tsis tshua txaus ntshai vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, kom tsis txhob tus neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm cov khoom thiab kev co rau zoo pes tsawg. Nyob ntawm seb lub zog ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau welded, lub keej yuav ob leeg khaws nws cov thawj qhov chaw thiab kis mus rau tag nrho ntev ntawm lub workpiece nyob rau hauv ib tug heev luv luv lub sij hawm.

Tsis ceeb, qhov no yog qhov feem ntau txaus ntshai tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv welds. Standard nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau tam sim ntawd rejection ntawm tej cheebtsam, tsis hais txog ntawm nws npaj siv (nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm kiag li txheej khoom).

Tsis-uniformity ntawm lub nqaws

Yog li ntawd nws hu ua tag nrho cov tsis sib xws geometrical tsis muaj kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv cov kev cai yam ntxwv. Cias muab, yog tias vuam yog ib tug "nab", obliquely thiab thiaj li nyob. N., Nws cia li los mus rau ib tug zoo xws li cov hom kev kho raws.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau lawv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm inexperienced welders, raws li zoo raws li tseem ceeb surges, puas khoom thiab banal ceev. Nyaum no kho raws uas yog feem ntau nrog rau siav, uas yog twb nyob deb ntau txaus ntshai. Yog hais tias qhov hloov tus nqi ntawm lub axial kab ntawm lub compound yog insignificant thiab tsis ua rau yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv lub dag lub zog ntawm cov khoom, lub feem yuav tsum tau tso cai rau koj khiav lag luam.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov ib yam yooj yim tshaj plaws: cov me lub kaum sab xis ntawm txoj kev hloov ntawm lub hauv paus hlau txheej rau fusing, lub zuj zus tus neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm cov welded khoom. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ib co tsev neeg Siv (tsev cog khoom ncej, piv txwv li) nyob rau hauv undervoltage tej yam kev mob ua tsis tau lub sis tsis ncaj nqaws tsuas unrealistic. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lawv tsis sawv cev rau tej kev uas muaj feem yuav.

Basic kev daws teeb meem, kab laum fixes

Cia li hais hauv qab no: nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tus txheej txheem ntawm tshem tawm uas tsis xws luag ntawm welds kev sib tham tsis paub, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau dua los yog tsawg nruj OTC tag nrho cov khoom uas muaj ib co flaws tsuas sib yuav. Tab sis tej zaum nws yeej hais tias lub defect yog tsis heev loj, tiam sis vim nws muaj peev xwm yuav tshem tawm. Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws?

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txiav nto puas nrog steel qauv (ntshav-arc vuam), ua tib zoo ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm ua tsis tau tejyam kev twb kev txuas, thiab ces retry. Yog hais tias muaj yog me sab nraud tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv welds (sis tsis ncaj tebchaw ntiav qhov), lawv muaj peev xwm tsuas yuav sanded. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws tsis tau muab kev koom tes thiab noj ntau dhau npaum li cas hlau txheej.

ib qho tseem ceeb daim ntawv ceeb toom

Thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom uas siv los ntawm stainless steel, uas yog yuav muaj kev obligatory tshav kub kev kho mob, tus kho lus uas tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub welds yuav tsum tau ua xwb (!) Tom qab ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej nyob rau hauv lub kub ntau los ntawm 450 mus 650 ° C.

Kho ntawm lwm yam ntau yam

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav kho sagging thiab sis tsis ncaj cov neeg kho tshuab ob leeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hlws ris cia li ntxuav (raws li peb twb hais). peb tau hais los saum no txog tus fixes undercuts, tab sis ib zaug dua peb nco ntsoov - nrog xws li tsis xws luag nthuav dav ntau tsim nyog kom sai li sai tau culled vim hais tias nws siv tau rau yus!

Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug hlawv-los ntawm kev (uas yog tsis raws li ntau), cov tshem tawm ntawm weld tsis xws luag siv yooj yim heev: thawj, raws li ib tug saum npoo yuav tsum tau txiav, thiab ces rhaub nws dua. Kwv yees li thiaj li ua nrog Craters.

Basic tej yam kev mob "kho kom zoo nkauj"

Thaum tshem tawm uas tsis xws luag tau ua raws li tej yam hauj tej yam kev mob. Firstly, koj yuav tsum ua raws li ib tug yooj yim txoj cai: lub puas feem ntev yuav tsum phim nws lub dav ntxiv rau 10-20 hli yuav tsum tau sab laug "cia li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv".

Tseem Ceeb! Lub dav ntawm lub vuam leeg tom qab rov provarkoy yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj ob zaug nws loj ua ntej yuav pib ua hauj lwm. Tsis txhob yuav tub nkeeg mus txhim kho flaws zoo npaj nto. Firstly, nws tiv thaiv slag los ntawm uas nkag mus rau lub hlau daim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov no guileless ntsuas yuav pab kom kev ua hauj lwm thiab ua rau kom qhov zoo tshaj ntawm nws tau.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los npaj ib tug qauv rau re-embeds lub cuab ntxhiab. Yog hais tias koj siv LBM ( "Bulgarian"), nws yog zoo dua mus rau noj ib tsav ntawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hauv lub cheeb. Lub sab ntsej muag ntawm tus qauv yuav tau ua raws li ntau li ntau tau du, dawb burrs los yog lwm yam protruding qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem yuav tig mus rau hauv tag nrho cov tib slag.

Thaum nws los txog rau txhuas lub tebchaw, titanium, thiab alloys ntawm cov hlau, qhov teeb meem yog mus rau txoj kev ntau tiv. Firstly, nyob rau hauv relation mus tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tej zaum yuav siv tau tsuas yog (!) Neeg kho tshuab txoj kev, cov kev siv ntawm cov arc vuam yog tsis tau tso cai. Feem ntau cov dua mus txiav down lub puas seem, ntxuav thiab re-brew leeg.

Ib tug ceeb toom rau kab fixes

Qhov chaw kho - re-brewed tebchaw yuav tsum rov mus rau hauv txoj txoj kev OTC. Yog hais tias ib tug kho raws nyob rau hauv ib tug los yog lwm degree ntawm kev ruaj ntseg, nws yuav tau sim kho dua. Tseem Ceeb! Tus nqi ntawm cov kev kho nyob rau hauv lub steel qib thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib txwm tej yam kev mob koj yuav tsis redo tus ua hauj lwm rau ntau tshaj li ob los peb zaug, raws li txwv tsis pub muaj yog ib tug ntse txo nyob rau hauv lub dag lub zog zog cov ntsiab lus.

Yog li ntawd peb tau sib tham txog cov theem pib hom ntawm weld tsis xws luag.