"Warszawianka" - ib tug submarine. Class submarine "Warszawianka"

Qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm raws li ib tug lub sij hawm ntawm revolutionary hauj breakthroughs nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb ntawm technology, science thiab txawm kab lis kev cai. Thaum cov tsis txhob hu rau lub sij hawm no: xyoo ntawm cybernetics, lub era ntawm qhov chaw tshawb kawm, thiab txawm lub era ntawm pob zeb 'n' yob. Nyob rau hauv lub USSR nyob rau hauv lub lig forties, twb muab tso rau hauv lub lag luam thawj nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, nws tshwm sim plaub lub xyoos tom qab Hiroshima. Icebreaker rau nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag twb tseem ua nyob rau hauv lub USSR (1957). Thiab peb xyoos ua ntej lawm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States twb officially launched nuclear submarine "Nautilus". Lub era ntawm lub nuclear submarine fleet. Kuv xav hais tias diesel submarines puas tau ploj mus. Tab sis nws muab tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub hloov lawv tsis muaj. Ib qho piv txwv yuav quietest nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no submarine Project 877 "Warszawianka".

Premier League - zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Qhov zoo ntawm submarines nrog nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag yog cuab kev. Lawv tsis tas yuav mus nto tsis tu ncua rau recharge lub roj teeb, lub ntau yam ntawm ua hauj lwm daim ntawv sau npe yog zoo unlimited, raws li lub sij hawm siv nyob rau hauv qhov tob. Xav tau kev tsuas yog loaded rau hauv lub tuas cov zaub mov thiab pumped mus rau hauv lub haus dej tank (Txawm li cas los, muaj Desalination cov nroj tsuag). Hauv lub dav compartments, neeg coob, domestic tej yam kev mob yog heev xis, thiab kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm muaj xws li hais tias ib tug unit yog txaus los npaj dozens ntawm Hiroshima. Tab sis muaj ib co tsis meej pem. Kaw cia lub reactor nws yog ua tau xwb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev huam yuaj, li ntawd, lub nkoj yog lossi nrov. Yuav luag "nteg tsawg" thiab zaum ntsiag to tsis yooj yim sua.

Txawm lub hwj chim nroj tsuag yog muaj kev ruaj ntseg, tab sis cua txias cua sov circuits yuav tsum tau siv seawater ntawd ces, tab sis yog tsis muaj zog, tab sis "fonit", thiab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej lub nkoj, koj muaj peev xwm siv rhiab khoom mus rau "xam". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tej submarine (nuclear submarine) muaj ib tug txiav txim loj, me, thiab vim hais tias muaj kev txwv rau cov kev nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntiav qhov chaw ntawm lub dej hiav txwv.

Yog vim li cas yuav tsum tau diesel submarine

Tom qab lub tsos ntawm armed fleets ntawm tej yeeb ncuab ntawm cov invisible rau cruisers nto, zoo ib yam li lub nkoj pib ua rau lub Soviet rog. Nws tsis ntev ua tseeb hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab submarine kuaj txawv los ntawm txawv teb chaws, thiab tsis yog rau qhov zoo. Acoustic nrhiav kom tau txhais tau tias lawv zoo nkauj sai sai pinpointing suab nrov propellers thiab xyaw. Qhov teeb meem no yog solved tom qab, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub lig sixties - thaum ntxov seventies lwm ntshai heev txawm txiav txim siab mus muab asymmetric teb. Nyob rau hauv 1974, lub Bureau "Rubin" tau txais los ntawm lub Navy Commander S. G. Gorshkova TK, uas teev tseg lub ntsiab uas yuav tsum tau rau lub tshiab nkoj: tsawg visibility, ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev haumxeeb thiab txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg coob cov tswv cuab. Plaub lub xyoos tom qab, cov stocks nyob rau hauv Komsomolsk-on-Amur mus thawj "Warszawianka". Submarine complied nrog tag nrho cov nqe lus ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab lus thiab surpassed cov tsis muaj npe nyob rau nws nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev.

Tus ntaus ntawv submarine

Submarines no muaj xws li ob vaj tse, nyob rau hauv ib lwm (rau "nested menyuam roj hmab" hauv paus ntsiab lus).

Teeb yog Fairing plhaub, muab zais nyob rau hauv uas thiaj li hu ua CCH (ntsiab ballast tso tsheb hlau luam) thiab TSVB (koom haum pab). Lub ntsiab ballast yog tsim los zoo los yog tsis zoo buoyancy, piv txwv li muab surfacing thiab sinking nkoj. Koom haum pab tank tsim luas (i.e., kab rov tav longitudinal qaij tsev nyob) rau tus hneev los yog siab tawv, thiab kuj pab kom dlhos cov yob.

Cov neeg coob, riam phom, txhua tus tsim nyog machinery, xws li lub cev muaj zog, roj teeb, accessories SCE (lub ntsiab hais kom ua post), galley thiab ntau xa tuaj nrog nyob rau hauv ib tug robust tsev nyob uas yog muab faib ua compartments. Yog tsis muaj kev zam rau thiab tus "Warszawianka". Lub submarine yog muab faib ua rau khej. Feem ntau, tus thawj thiab tus kawg ib tug yog hu ua tus torpedo, tab sis lub nkoj uas nyob hauv peb tes num 877 yog ib tug riam phom yog xwb nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg, nrog rau ib tug ncej sonar nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb pull-tawm (down) mine. Tab sis nyob rau hauv no kev tsim tsis xaus muaj.

constructive txawv txawv

General Designer ntawm KB "Rubin" Yuri Kormilitsin muab puab rau tus qauv npaj ntawm lub nkoj, ntse nuclear missile. Nyob rau hauv tus ntoo khaub lig-section nws yog tshuam puag ncig, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lwm yam diesel counterparts, flattened rau lub sab. Lub ntas, uas, raws li lub classical tswvyim, nyob rau hauv lub siab hull, tauj nyob rau hauv intercase qhov chaw ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm cov thawj kev txiav txim siab yuav tsis pub ib tug ntau ntawm qhov chaw, uas tau paub heev rau cov neeg ciaj tej yam kev mob rau cov neeg coob thiab cov khoom siv rau muab tso rau hauv lub feem ntau muaj kuab txoj kev. Submarine project "Warszawianka" tau ua qhov tseem niaj hnub ships ntawm lub Soviet rog nyob rau hauv lub nam ntawm automation, mechanization thiab Cybernetics, li no kom txhob muaj tus load rau cov neeg coob - nrog nws cov me pejxeem - thiab muab qhab-nees nyob rau hauv ntau zaus hais tsis zoo tib neeg tau.

Tsawg visibility

Sonar ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib lub ntsiab cai raws li ib tug pa radar. Sonar emits luv luv pulses ntawm lub suab frequencies uas reflected los ntawm underwater khoom, tsim ib daim duab ntawm lub teeb meem no. Raws li nyob rau hauv lub "Stealth", txhais tau tias los txo cov visibility ntawm lub submarine yog raws mas li kom txhob muaj cov reflectivity ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj kev tiv thaiv "Varshavyanka". Submarine tshwj xeeb suab-absorbing txheej yog coated, uas thiaj li lub suab nrov los ntawm lub tshuab thiab lub tsheb mechanisms, thiab ib txhij absorbs ib tug hostile sonar Pib ntsais koj teeb.

Kiv thiab cavitation, uas inevitably tshwm sim nyob ze ntawm lub ko tw nyoob hoom, sim hawm caij nyoog "Rubin" ntawm designers ua hauj lwm ceev lawv los ze zog mus rau nruab nrab lub nkoj ncej (nruab nrab lub cev).

Tab sis rau cov uas tsis pom kev txaus los ua ib tug "dub qhov" (lub thiaj-hu ua Project 877 hydroacoustics navies ntawm NATO). "Warszawianka" Nws tsis yog rau kaw mus taug kev nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv twb tsim. Lub submarine nws tus kheej yuav tsum mus yos hav zoov yeeb ncuab ships, thiab rau cov uas nws yuav tsum tau "ob lub qhov muag" thiab "pob ntseg". Ntes tus yeeb ncuab ua ntej nws yuav tau mus pom koj - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ua hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg coob. Sonars yog ob hom: active thiab passive. Thawj emit acoustic pulses, lawv khiav lag luam ntawm ib tug ntau dua kev ncua deb, tab sis unmask lub nkoj. Qhov thib ob siv cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov sonar thiab marine suab nrov, yooj yim mus siv rau lawv, tab sis nws yog kev ruaj ntseg. Underwater chav kawm ntawv "Warszawianka" nkoj muaj ob hom ntawm sonar, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lawv, ib tug zoo meej system ntawm cov zauv cov ntaub ntawv tau txais rau lub hauv paus ntawm on-board computers. Applied technology "acoustic qhov", uas thiaj li tawg sab sonar.

chassis

Yuav kom recharge lub roj teeb ntawm lub submarine yuav tsum tsis txhob ntab mus rau qhov chaw, txaus mus tsa tus RDP (kuj hu ua snorkel) rau muab kev nkag tau mus rau sab nraum cua thiab qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub combustion khoom. Diesel thov Tsawg pa luam yeeb uas txo visibility ntawm lub nkoj nyob rau hauv high seas.

Siv thiab lwm yam kev nrhav. Basic diesel (5.5 th. L. C.) Yog siv los coj cov hlab nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tsa suab, nws lub hom phiaj tsuas yog tshoob lub rotor generator them lub roj teeb. Nyob rau hauv surfaced ib hoob qhia yig lub cev muaj zog (muaj peev xwm ntawm 130 l. C.), Thiab ob tug ntau (nyob rau hauv 102 l. C.) Yog redundantly-shunting. Kinematic tswvyim yog xws li hais tias tag nrho peb xyaw khiav lag luam ntawm ib tug ntsia hlau. Nws kuj yog ib tug tshwj xeeb, shestilopastny uas tso cai rau nws tig nyob ib sab ceev (250 Rev.. / Min.), Ua, ntsig txog, thiab tsawg suab nrov.

nyob tej yam kev mob

Tej yam kev mob ntawm kev pab nyob rau hauv diesel nkoj tau yeej ib txwm tau hnyav. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub hlwb tsim txom, cov neeg coob dhau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm disadvantages txuam nrog ib tug tshaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab tsawg autonomy. Submarines "Warszawianka" hom txawv los ntawm lwm yam ships ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv yog zoo npaum li cas tej yam kev mob. Pw tsaug zog rau torpedoes pab neeg tsis tau muaj no xis cabins. Tseem muaj nqais, ib tug xinesmas nrog thiab ib tug dispensary.

"Warszawianka" hnub no, lub 636 th project

Dua li ntawm qhov loj muaj hnub nyoog ntawm peb tes num, qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug hauv chav kawm ntawv "Warszawianka" tej nkoj nquam yog tseem ceeb heev, dua li lub nkoj muaj ib tug txiav txim export peev xwm. Indian Navy yog armed nrog dozens ntawm chav nyob ntawm submarines, ob sail nyob rau hauv lub Algerian chij, yog li muaj cov Polish Navy. Tuam Tshoj yuav lawv thiab rau lawv cov Navy. Tom qab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb no socialist system tau ceased mus khiav lub Warsaw Pact Collective kev ruaj ntseg (nyob rau hauv uas nws yawm thiab twb muaj npe lub project), ntau cov piv txwv ntawm Soviet technology, xws li cov feem ntau niaj hnub, nyob rau hauv lub arsenals ntawm lub NATO lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muaj lub peev xwm ntawm submarine rog ntawm cov theem, nws yuav tsum tau ceev Modernization ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas yog ib feem ntawm lub fleet. Txij li thaum lub general tswvyim thiab lub tsheb ntsiab lus yog kev vam meej, tseem ceeb kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub zuag qhia tag nrho cov qauv muaj tau ua. Submarine "Novorossiysk" project "Warszawianka" tshiab qauv lus dag nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau Admiralty shipyard nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj 2010, npav pib ntawm ib tug series ntawm advanced tsim, tau txais index 636. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom ntej nws yog npaj kom txo tau cov dej tsib ntau xws ships. Cov tom ntej no yuav tsum tau "Rostov-on-Don" thiab "Stary Oskol", tus so ntawm lub submarine yuav muaj npe tom qab lub nroog ntawm cov tub rog lub yeeb koob. Tus tshiab units yog tsim los ntxiv dag zog rau Dub hiav txwv Fleet ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov kev ntawm shipbuilding thiab thov qhov tseeb kev kho navigation, hais lus, thiab computer technology. Submarines ntawm Project 636 "Warszawianka" nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab yuav muaj tis "Calibre" cuaj luaj nrog kev sib ntaus los voos kheej-kheej ntawm 2500 km.

Kev cov ntaub ntawv thiab riam phom

Tag nrho cov xaav "Varshavyanka" submerged yog 3036 tons ntawm qhov chaw -. 2300 t Raws li atomic nkoj nyob rau hauv dej nws yog sai mus rau 17 cov pob caus ntawd (10 tiv thaiv ib diesel cav). Maximum kev pab txhawb nqa 636 project yuav ntsaub rau 300 meters. Lub tsheb Length - ze li ntawm 73 meters, dav - 10. Lub precipitate surfaced txoj hauj lwm raws li lub load, - los ntawm 6.2 mus 6.6 meters. Cov neeg coob muaj 52 cov neeg, siv yooj yim navigation yog khaws cia rau 45 hnub. Lub nkoj yog armed nrog rau torpedo caliber ntawm 533 thiab plaub cruise cuaj luaj.