Veliky Novgorod, Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub: ib tug saib xyuas, nta, attractions thiab nthuav tseeb

Yaroslav lub tsev hais plaub thiab lub trades - yog cov hiob architectural complex fwm los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Ancient Rus. Cov kwv yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm tsoom fwv thiab muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm UNESCO.

thaum muaj ib

Ntau yam keeb kwm monuments tag nrho ntawm Veliky Novgorod. Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub - ib qho ntawm lub cim lug tsis tau tsuas yog lub nroog tab sis tag nrho cov zog ntawm Guj kuj. Lub npe ntawm lub complex tau lub npe ntawm tub huabtais Yaroslav, tom qab kav nyob rau hauv Kiev, qhov uas nws tau muab ib tug tshiab title - Wise. Keeb kwm, nyob rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj rau ntawm tus dej Volkhov yog trading ib feem ntawm lub nroog, qhov twg los lub sij hawm immemorial tau nruab tub txawj tub ntse thiab nqa tawm veche nqi.

Ntaub ntawv excavations taw tes rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm tej vaj tse, kev koom los yog ib co kua nplaum ntawm tib neeg muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub Tsev Hais Plaub rau lub xyoo pua 10. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo pua 11th, tub huabtais Yaroslav staged ib tug palace, cov yam koj nyiam uas muaj tsis tau nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe. Archaeological kev tshawb fawb nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub post-tsov rog xyoo, hais tias lub cheeb tsam ntawm St. Nicholas Cathedral thiab rooj vag ntauwd, tug lub Gostiny Dvor, pom ib co kua nplaum ntawm ib tug ntoo lub tsev loj cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau hauv Yaroslav lub tsev hais plaub thiab lub trades excavations qhia los ntawm cov xibfwb AV Artsikhovsky, thiab nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub hauv paus pom tej zaum yuav mus rau tus tub huabtais lub lag. Ntxiv ua hauj lwm tau mothballed kom txog rau thaum zoo lub sij hawm, thaum archaeologists yuav muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov khoom rau lav tsis tau tsuas yog txoj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus kwv, tab sis kuj tau tshawb kom ntxaws.

lub sij hawm

Yuav kom tsim ib tug palace, None Yaroslav pom nws tus kheej nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm lub lag luam lub neej nyob rau hauv Veliky Novgorod. Tus thawj mention nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm lub complex hnub rov qab mus rau 1030 xyoo, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no lub nroog yog ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm ib tug bustling pauv lawv los ntawm Scandinavia rau Byzantium. Raws ntug dej hiav txwv ncav us txog heev heev khw pier, qhov twg cov khoom yog mos txwv sailing kub, ntaub, txuj lom thiab ntau ncav us txog los ntawm ib ncig lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv Veliky Novgorod.

Los ntawm Yaroslav Novgorod kho nrog rau kev hwm thiab kev hlub. Txij li thaum lub tsis ua hauj lwm them ib tug txhua xyoo khoom plig mus rau tus tub huabtais Kiev, cov neeg nyob ob zaug tau pab nws nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Kiev thiab nyob rau hauv kawg - tag nrho cov tau coj nws yeej. Tej zaum tus yeeb yam no rau tus tub huabtais yog vim nws sib thooj rau cov neeg thiab qhov kev sib txuas lus nyob rau hauv lub ancient trading.

Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub, lwm yam tshaj li tus executive thiab khoom lo lus uas peb, ua, thiab muaj nuj nqi qhov chaw, uas nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos sib sau ua Novgorod. Lub chaw ntawm lub rooj sib tham yog ib tug me me rau thaj tsam ze ntawm lub Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. Ib txhia historians ntseeg hais tias tus Chamber twb tsis yog yuav mus rau tag nrho cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub nroog, tab sis tsuas cov neeg sawv cev ntawm noble tsev neeg, xa mus rau raws li "300 kub siv." Teeb liab mus rau tus sau tau txais kev pab raws li lub ringing ntawm lub rooj sib txoos tswb.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th nws poob nws kev ywj siab Novgorod. Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub kis los ntawm qub txeeg qub teg rau tub huabtais Ivan III, uas yuav siv sij hawm tawm lub rooj sib txoos tswb rau Moscow thiab lub teb chaws pib tsim rau koj tus kheej. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, tom qab lub tsos ntawm cov neeg pej xeem nrog viceroys lub Tsev Hais Plaub tau txais lub thib ob lub npe ntawm "State".

Nrog ib lub tswb khi ob peb legends. Nyob rau ib tug ntawm lawv, ntawm Valdai nws poob lawm nyob rau hauv lub phav phav ntawm me ntsis neeb, uas tseem yog lub koob meej ntawm Novgorod freemen thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm lub thib ob cov lus dab neeg, lub tswb twb ntsia tau rau hauv lub Kremlin lub Spassky ntauwd nyob hauv Moscow thiab cov tocsin qhia neeg txog kev puas tsuaj. Thaum lub sij hawm ib tug ntawm cov hluav taws kub, nws poob thiab tsoo, tom qab uas Peter kuv kom ib tug ntawm nws qhov chaw rau tej pwm ib lub tshiab.

xaiv yaam qhov chaw

Lavxias teb sab statehood originates los ntawm Veliky Novgorod. Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub tom qab ib tug tej lub sij hawm loj hlob Ancient trades - ib tug platform qhov twg deals tau ua, ua ib tug brisk luam, thiab tawm ua lag luam hauv chav kawm ntawv. Novgorod Torg sib nrog qhov loj tshaj plaws bazaars nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab Asia. Cus ciav dej lawv thiab cov zoo-trodden kev hloov kho Novgorod tub txawj tub ntse nyob thoob plaws hauv Dnieper thiab Dub hiav txwv mus Constantinople thiab Persia, twb tsis muaj tsawg ntev ua lag ua luam mus txawv tebchaws los ces, Flanders, lub German ua lag luam. Yuav kom trading ships sailing Baltic thiab dawb Hiav txwv.

Raws li tseem muaj sia nyob cov ntaub ntawv nws yog lub npe hu hais tias cov neeg ntawm Novgorod twb civilized luam nrog txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws - kom daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv thiab kev yuav khoom, nyob rau hauv nrog pab kev koom tes, thiab lwm yam hauv zos tub txawj tub ntse nyob rau hauv ib tug kev txiav txim zoo ib monopoly, nyob rau hauv Novgorod twv neeg txawv teb chaws tsis tau muag, cov tub luam rau lawv tus kheej koom nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv ntawm txawv teb chaws cov khoom .. thoob plaws Russia.

Gostiny Dvor

Ancient Torg yog nto moo xwb tsis yog txawv teb chaws cov khoom thiab loj-scale nyiaj txiag hauj lwm, tab sis kuj muag ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub zos craftsmen. Novgorod crafts tau varied, tshwj xeeb yog high-zoo thiab mas artistic cov khoom tau ua los ntawm cov nyiaj, mas muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Leatherworkers ntxiv yav tom ntej khau looj plab hlaub, koj cov menyuam, nees sam xauv nees thiab cim woven los ntawm lub thinnest tawv ib daim hlab, crosses. Lawv nto moo potters, blacksmiths, carpenters, painters.

Khw chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txoj kev uas khiav los ntawm cov hav dej, txhua tau nws tus kheej lub npe. Lub hauv paus series ntawm Volkhov dhau ib ncig ntawm lub lag luam chaw thiab xaus nyob ze ntawm lub German tsev hais plaub. Khw nyob rau ntawm nws yog cov feem ntau prestigious nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws central khw txoj kev hu ua lub Great, thiab nyob rau hauv lub accounting phau ntawv tau muab ntau lub npe - mercenary, Sourozh ntau.

Pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, rau ib tug laus Trading hloov dua siab tshiab rau Gostiny Dvor, thiab tseem raug nyob li kom txog thaum lub nruab nrab-xyoo pua 20th. Nyob rau hauv 1771 rau Empress Catherine II thiab cov mej zeej ntawm lub tsev hais plaub rau ib tug yooj yim nres nws ua tau "Travelling Palace", qhov uas koj yuav khaubncaws so kom txaus thiab sib sau ua ke zog rau ntxiv mus ncig teb chaws thoob plaws lub expanses ntawm Russia.

sawv pob tsiv

Tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II architectural khaub ncaws ntau ntawm Yaroslav lub tsev hais plaub thiab lub trades nws yog nyob rau hauv zoo mob. Kev puas tsuaj twb tsis tseem ceeb heev, thiab ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum zoo tu qab tso nrog me ntsis kev rau siab. Cim arcade ntawm Gostiny Dvor yog lawm thiab muaj shelling nyob rau hauv ib daim, raws li nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws siv. Tab sis rov qab cog noob rau hauv lub nroog, thiab nyob rau hauv 1945, cov tub ceev xwm txiav txim siab mus ua kom tiav disassembly ntawm tag nrho cov keeb kwm complex.

Ua hauj lwm sai heev pib nyob rau hauv 1947 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum 1953, thaum nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm stepping Academy ntawm Sciences. Los ntawm lub dag zog ntawm kws tshawb fawb, historians, thiab nyob rau hauv particular I. E. Grabarya, kev puas tsuaj ntawm ancient monument raug nres. Cov txheej txheem yog tsis ceev ceev, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1956 tau mus ntsuam xyuas lub scale ntawm losses.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeev tiv thaiv

Nws twb kom meej demolished Gostiny Dvor khw arcade nyob down txoj kev rau May 1, thiab tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub arcade tseem lawm. Raug kev txom nyem thiab ancient temples - rau kev tsim kho cov ntaub ntawv rau sab laug tswb ntauwd bricks lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Assumption Koom Txoos thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm George rau cov muag khoom.

Tom qab tshawb pib archaeological excavations, uas tau tshwm sim los ntawm ob peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov ntoo choj nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo, nruab nrab ntawm St. Nicholas Cathedral thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Paraskeva Friday sab flooring los ntawm cov pob txha ntawm cov nyuj.

Cov tseem muaj sia nyob monuments yog ib tug nco kev cai tus nqi thiab keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam. Niaj hnub no, lawv yog nyob rau hauv cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev thiab lub thoob ntiaj teb lub koom haum ntawm UNESCO. Rau txhua tus ntawm cov monuments ntau paub, thiab cov excavations nqa tawm txhua lub sij hawm muab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb no.

Cathedral nyob rau hauv Monomakh

Lub hiob attraction Veliky Novgorod - Yaroslav pov toj, nyob qhov twg lub thawj lub tsev teev ntuj yog ua los ntawm tub huabtais Mstislav, tus hlob ntawm cov tub Vladimira Monomaha. Lub tsev teev ntuj cawm rau hnub no thiab yog lub npe hu ua St. Nicholas los yog St. Nicholas Cathedral Dvorischenskogo. Nws siv muab kev koom tes rau hauv lub tswv los ntawm lub npe ntawm Peter. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias nws yog tus thawj Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse, uas nws lub npe twb nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub tsev teev ntuj twb rebuilt ob peb lub sij hawm dhau ib tiam ntawm nws lub neej, tab sis cov masters tau yeej ib txwm adhered mus rau lub qub puag, ceev faj txhob ua kom paub ruaj nrhav nyob rau hauv tus duab ntawm ib lub tsev. Lub tsev teev ntuj twb ua tau raws li ib tug analogue ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Sofia, lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1113, tab sis fij nws ob xyoo lawm yav tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv lub ancient hloov pauv nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nws yog tus thawj lub tsev ua ntawm pob zeb.

Lub tuam tsev muaj sib npaug zos peb apses, crowned nrog tsib kub dome ntawm tshooj uas hais tias embodied lub hwj chim ntawm tus tub huabtais. Cathedral subordinate tub vaj ntxwv, bypassing cov kev cai ntawm Npis Sov ntawm Novgorod. Raws li keeb kwm, cov dab neeg, lub tuam tsev hlawv tsawg kawg yog kaum ob lub sij hawm thiab yeej ib txwm revived. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th nyob ze ntawm lub phab ntsa yuav Chamber. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th square nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj twb dai kom zoo nkauj nrog hexagonal tswb ntauwd, lwm tus uas tuaj koom rau cov phab ntsa hauv cov tsev Nikolsky Cathedral mus rau lub xyoo pua puv 19.

Tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm lub sim tawm tsam kev ntseeg, nyob rau hauv lub 30-ies lub tsev teev ntuj twb kaw. Nyob rau hauv lub luv luv lub sij hawm los ntawm 1945 mus 1962, St. Nicholas Cathedral yog muaj. Tom qab lub tom ntej no kaw nws muab tso rau ib tug yam ntawm lub Novgorod tsev cia puav pheej rau rau siab ua scientific atheism. Lub dome twb ua tau lub tsev nroog planetarium. Hloov cov economic qauv tau txais kev pab raws li cov pib ntawm restoration ua hauj lwm, uas tau muab nyiaj txiag rau kev Tshiab Hanseatic League.

lub tuam tsev siv

Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub nyob rau hauv Novgorod tu kom zoo xwb ob peb ancient tuam tsev. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Assumption twb muab tso nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov Novgorod cov tub rog uas tuag nyob rau hauv lub hai phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv Suzdal. Lub initiator ntawm lub tuam tsev yog favorites tub huabtais Vsevolod, kev tsim kho tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv 1144. Novgorod fwm lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg tuag, es ua ib lub tuam tsev tom qab heev heev hluav taws kub, thiab muab nws lub thib ob lub npe - "Assumption ntawm cov tshis hwj txwv." Qhov no lub npe yog txuam nrog qhov sib thooj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nrog ib thaj chaw uas cov lag luam tawm twb tau soj xyuas tshis, nees thiab lwm yam tsiaj.

Tom ntej no mus lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Assumption muaj ib lub koom txoos, muaj nrhiav los ntawm txiv ntxhais uas tuaj mus rau Novgorod. Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub adorns lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Paraskeva-Friday, ntawm uas architecture yog ho sib txawv los ntawm lwm lub tuam tsev. Saint Paraskeva-Friday theem koob hmoov nyob rau hauv coj mus muag teeb meem. Tus thawj ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj twb ua nyob rau hauv 1156, ib xyoo pua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hlawv lub tsev txawv teb chaws tub txawj tub ntse tau muab tso rau ib lub pob zeb tsev teev ntuj.

Nws tau piav 15 tus neeg mob ntawm hluav taws, tom qab uas nws rov ua tib zoo marshaled. Ancient architecture qhib nyob rau hauv thawj post-tsov rog restoration. Los ntawm khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm plaster rau ntxuav masonry, yos rov qab mus rau 13-14 centuries, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub cupola ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm lub 18th caug xyoo. Cov neeg ntawm St. Paraskeva-Friday tuam tsev tau ntev tau hu ua lub tsev teev ntuj "nyob rau hauv ib puas thiab xya caum fab", uas sib raug rau kev muaj tiag. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias yog hais tias ib tug txiv ntxhais yuav kis tau nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog peb lub sij hawm, koj yuav yeej sai tau sib yuav.

neeg syrkovoy

Qhov tus tsim ntawm Moscow tus naas ej npe ntawm tub txawj tub ntse syrkovoy - Ivan Syrkov, kuv twb yug los thiab noog capital rau twv (Veliky Novgorod). Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub nws kev txhawj xeeb tau rooted nyob rau hauv lub 1510 ntoo lub tsev teev ntuj Myrrhbearers. Tom qab ib tug loj hluav taws kub uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1541 nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub burnt tsev tsa ib lub pob zeb tsev teev ntuj. Nyob rau hauv lub lig kev cai ntawm lub Moscow lub koom txoos twb teem rau ntawm pob zeb hauv qab daus, qhov twg rau qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub Novgorod churches cov cellars yog tsis ua.

Tus thawj lub tuam tsev nrog ib tug loj hauv qab daus pem teb yog lub tsev teev ntuj Myrrhbearers, raws li ib txhia cov ntawv qhia Ivan Grozny khaws cia muaj rau tej lub sij hawm yog ib feem ntawm nws cov nyiaj. Nyob rau ob tog yog ntoo stairs, txheej txheem tom ntej no mus txhua khav mus rau lub sab sauv plag tsev ntawm lub tsev. Tam sim no rau lub thib ob pem teb muaj ib tug me nyuam Cultural Center.

Commissioned los ntawm Dmitriya Syrkova nyob rau hauv 1529 nyob rau hauv Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub los ua ib tug me me lub tsev teev ntuj Procopius qhov siab ntawm peb storeys. Thawj ob ntawm lawv - ib tug cellar thiab ib tug siab qab daus. Lub tsev architecture twb los ntawm Moscow thiab Pskov architectural sawv ua nyob rau hauv ib tug keeled arches, dai kom zoo nkauj lub facade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj.

Rooj vag ntauwd

Nyob rau centuries ntawm nws lub neej, muaj ntau yam reconstructions paub Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub (Veliky Novgorod). Keeb kwm rooj vag Ntauwd hais txog rau lub sij hawm thaum Peter kuv kom nteg lub Gostiny Dvor. Nws builders nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th los ua kua phev txiv neej Efimov thiab Guri Vakhromeev. Rooj vag ntauwd yog ib feem ntawm ib tug loj complex. Nws yog ib tug peb-storey tsev, muab faib nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm ob tug dav mus ncig teb chaws arches, lub-ru tsev yog hipped ru tsev qauv nyob rau sab laug nws adjoins tswb pej thuam uas ib zaug tau koom rau cov poob lub tuam tsev lawm.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws suav hais tias vechevoj rooj vag ntauwd, tab sis cov kev tshawb fawb tau refuted no pheej xaiv. Lub tsev tsis muaj tsev nyob muaj ntau yam ntawm cov koom haum, los ntawm lub chaw tu menyuam ntsuag rau lub archive, thiab hnub no yog tshaaj tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab tsim nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm cov kos duab ntawm casting hlau.

Ntau ntau tus sau yog hais lub tsev teev ntuj tais diav thiab cult cwj pwm. Muaj sawv ntawm lub tsev ntaub sib ntsib, crucifix, reliquaries, lub tsev teev ntuj tais diav, icons, cov khoom masters ntawm lub qub Believer pe hawm thiab ntau npaum li cas. Lub rooj vag ntauwd txheej txheem ib tug saib platform, uas muaj ib tug zoo kawg li saib ntawm lub Sofia sab ntawm lub nroog.

chaw nyob

Muaj ntau tourists xav mus xyuas lub Great Novgorod. Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub, nrog rau Detinets, yog cov feem ntau mus xyuas qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm cov khaub ncaws ntau lub tsev hais plaub bargaining thiab fwm ntau tshaj li kaum ancient architectural lug.

Nyob rau hauv lub vastness ntawm lub complex, muaj cov cim qhia ntawm tsis ntev los no keeb kwm. Monument rau cov heroism ntawm Soviet cov tub rog ib txhis lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Lub monument rau lub legendary cim Sadko kuj xav mas tourists. Yuav kom kos tus cim rau kho tshiab ntawm lub Hanseatic League ntawm traders thiab ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv nws Novgorod, lub complex nyob rau hauv 2009, ib tug memorial kos npe rau.

Yaroslav lub Tsev Hais Plaub (Veliky Novgorod) muaj lub chaw nyob nram no: St. Nicholas Street, Building 3B (ua lag ua luam sab).