Vaj tse ciliate-nkawm khau thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws cov kev ua si

Qhov no sawv daws hnov, nrog ci catchy lub npe, txhua leej txhua tus nco los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam. Vaj tse ciliate-khau yog lub luag hauj lwm rau ntau kev ntawm nws lub neej. Nta ntawm cov qauv thiab cov physiology ntawm tus kab mob yuav tsum tau tham nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm.

Vaj tse ciliate-khau: piav qhia

Hu ua ib leeg-celled kab mob, ib tug tib cell uas tsa lub ib nkawm khau, nws yuav pom xwb nyob rau hauv ntiav tshiab dej. Ciliate prefers sawv dej, uas muaj cov degradable organic teeb meem residues. Tej vaj tse ciliate-nkawm khau (yees duab hauv qab no qhia tau hais tias lub cell zoo) tso cai rau nws los mus txav mus rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov zaub mov.

Yuav ua li cas kom loj hlob ciliates

Ciliates cell muaj txaus loj qhov ntev rau cov mej zeej ntawm lub taxonomic pab pawg neeg - mus txog rau 0.5 hli. Tab sis nws yog ib qhov zoo yuav tau xav txog nws xwb nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab ua li no, qhov kev kuaj yuav ua tau npaj txhij rau noj txawm lub cev thoob dej yug ntses.

Loj hlob kab lis kev cai ciliates ntawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tus quab yuam ntawm txhua. Ua li no, siv sij hawm lub hauv paus - ib tug me ntsis dej los ntawm cov thoob dej yug ntses los yog lub chaw ntug hiav cheeb tsam ntawm lub reservoir. Muab ib tug nco ntawm cov kua rau ib tug iav swb thiab xyuas nyob rau hauv ib tug tshuab kuaj kab mob. Yog hais tias koj nrhiav tau ciliates, qhov no lub moj khaum yuav siv tau. Tom ntej no, lub kua yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub khob, thiab nyob rau ob sab - ib tug nco ntawm cov dej ntshiab thiab ntsev. Tom qab txuas txhua yam nrog kev pab los ntawm qhov yuam kev, txoj kev ib tug thiaj li hu ua choj. Nyob rau hauv tej yam, ciliates yuav tsiv mus nyob rau cov dej ntshiab. Cov kab lis kev cai twb pipetted muab tso rau hauv ib lub taub ntim rau ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob - nws yuav ua tau tej lub txhab nyiaj nrog dej huv.

Rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm infusoria tsim nyog as tshuaj. Kom nws, koj yuav tsum coj ib tug me ntsis quav nyab thiab boil rau txog 20 feeb nyob rau hauv ib tug liter ntawm dej. Tom qab ntawd, tsuas yog tus noob yuav nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv cov kua quav nyab Bacillus, thaum tag nrho lwm cov kab mob tuag. lub resulting kua xav tau 3 hnub los khom. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, lub noob tsim mus rau hauv hay Bacillus, uas yuav tau lub zoo meej khoom noj khoom haus rau ciliates. Cov unicellular kuj yuav noj boiled, los yog evaporated mis nyuj thiab cov poov xab extract rau hydrolysis. Yuav ua li cas koj puas paub hais tias koj yuav tsum noj infusoria? Yog hais tias cov kua nyob rau hauv lub lauj kaub yuav tshab, nws yog lub sij hawm mus noj ib pluag mov.

ciliates zog

Tsum vaj tse ciliate-khau tso cai rau nws los mus txav. Nws thiaj li tawm tau txoj kev no nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm tshwj xeeb organelles - cilia. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm ib qho ntawm ciliates yog hais txog 15 txhiab. Lawv concerted kev rau siab pub tshuam txog cov kev ceev ntawm 3 hli / s.

Cov ua hauj lwm tsa cilia zog ntawm oars los yog ib tug pendulum. Organelle zog ntawm lub nce sharply, thiab ces maj mam rov qab mus rau lub site. Ib tug thib ob infusorian ua zoo xws li cov taw mus rau ib tug ob peb lub kaum os. Ciliate tsiv blunt kawg ua ntej, thaum rotating ib ncig ntawm lub axis ntawm lub cev.

khoom siv fais fab

Los ntawm hom ntawm cov zaub mov hauv lub cev yog ib tug heterotrophic pab pawg neeg. Tau qhov twg los ntawm ready-made organic tshuaj - ib tug vaj tse uas ciliate-nkawm khau. Fais fab nkag siv tshwj xeeb vacuoles. Ib tug hauv paus ntawm kev noj haus yog kab mob hlwb thiab cov nroj tsuag, ib tug loj pes tsawg tus nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab dej. Lawv infusorian captures nrog ib tug me me deepening - cell kab noj hniav.

Tom ntej no cov khoom noj khoom haus nkag mus rau hauv lub caj pas ntawm ib tug zoo thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Nyob ib ncig ntawm nws pib tsim digestive vacuole, nyob rau hauv uas lub splitting txheej txheem. Tshuaj nyob rau hauv no organelle raug hydrolytic enzymes. Undigested zaub mov seem raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub cell los ntawm qhov ciliates - poroshitsu.

metabolism

Vaj tse ciliate-khau yog ib tug ua kua nrog ib tug tej ntsiab lus ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, xws li ntsev. Nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm ntawm feem ntau ntawm lawv cov concentration yog me npaum li cas. Yog li ntawd, cov dej yog tsis tu ncua nkag los ntawm qhov ib puag ncig mus rau hauv lub cell.

Cov kev cai ntawm txoj kev no yog nqa tawm los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm contractile vacuoles. Nyob rau hauv lub cell, ciliates yog ob: nyob tom qab thiab pem hauv ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub cev. Qhov no pulsating kab noj hniav puag ncig, los ntawm uas radially nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lus qhia ncaim tubules. Contractile vacuole muaj osmotic siab ntawm qhov theem.

Gas pauv infusoria nqa thoob plaws hauv lub cev nto. Pa nkag mus rau hauv cytoplasm los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Ntawm no, cov oxidation uas muaj organic tshuaj muaj tshwm sim nrog qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub zog, dej thiab cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Lub metabolic khoom kuj muab tshem tawm los ntawm daim nyias nyias.

yug me nyuam rau txoj kev

Tag nrho lub neej dab qhia txog tej vaj tse ciliate-nkawm khau. Tu tub tu kiv yog tsis yog ib qho kev zam. Yog li, thaum ib tug xis kub ciliates hlwb raug muab faib nyob rau hauv ob. Qhov no yuav pib nrog cov tub ntxhais crushing. Txhua tus ntxhais cell tau txais tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub organelles thiab cov uas ploj lawm yog zoo tu qab tso.

Los ntawm tej lub kub ntawm cov dej los yog cov tsis muaj khoom noj khoom haus, ciliates hais kom kev sib deev txheej txheem. Nws yog hu ua conjugation. Yog li ob tug ciliates sib nrog txhua lwm yam, tsim cytoplasmic choj therebetween. Raws li nws, muaj yog ib tug pauv ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam genetic ntaub ntawv. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg uas yeej tsis hloov li. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no yog los mus hloov cov roj ntsha khoom, uas zoo heev tsub kom lub adaptability ntawm cov kab mob no.

Dej ciliate-khau vaj tse muab cov kev tsim nyog tej yam kev mob rau qhov kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov kev ntawm nws tseem ceeb heev functions: active zog, heterotrophic kev noj haus, aerobic kev ua pa thiab ntau hom kev tu tub tu kiv.