Terephthalic acid: tshuaj zog, cov kev npaj thiab daim ntawv thov

Tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm polycarboxylic uas muaj ntxhiab tebchaw yog phthalic acid derivatives sawv cev los ntawm tej yam isomers - ortho-isomer (ncaj qha, phthalic acid), meta-isomer (isophthalic acid) thiab para-isomer (terephthalic). Tag nrho cov ntawm no pab pawg neeg ntawm tshuaj heev lug siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam muaj teb.

Terephthalic acid - ntshiab tsis muaj kob crystalline hmoov tau nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kua theem oxidation ntawm paraxylene nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cobalt ntsev projecting catalysts. Lub sis ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm alcohols ua mus rau tsim ntawm tshuaj tebchaw lub ester pab pawg neeg. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ua daim ntawv thov yog dimethyl terephthalate.

Terephthalic acid kuj muaj feem xyuam rau lub synthesis ntawm polyethylene terephthalate (TUS TSIAJ) - ib tug pob tshab thaum tshav kub kub-resistant polymer tau los ntawm lub polycondensation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub substance nrog ethylene glycol. Ces los ntawm nws tsim yas hwj, polyester fibers terilenovoy Group, zoo dua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub npe "polyester", raws li zoo raws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm ntim ntim rau cov zaub mov kev lag luam, hluav taws xob Cheebtsam thiab ntau hom ntawm cov khoom.

Raws li lawv tshuaj cov khoom zoo ib yam li terephthalic acid monocarboxylic compound. Nws nyob rau hauv cov cua kub los yog nyob rau hauv tus ntawm, yog li ntawd-hu ua dehydrating tshuaj nkag ntaub ntawv ntsev, esters, complex molecular qauv, anhydrides, amides, xws li ib los yog ob carboxyl pawg. Terephthalic acid kuj nkag mus rau hauv lub esterification cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm uas tus mono- thiab diesters raug tsim. Thaum cua sov ntawm lub crystalline khoom mus rau ib tug kub tsis tsawg tshaj li ob puas degrees cai decarboxylation muab tebchaw uas muaj ib tug tsawg heev tooj ntawm carboxyl pawg. Txawm li cas los, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub electrophilic hloov deactivate nplhaib pib mus nrog teeb meem loj.

Phthalic acid lawm nyob rau hauv ntsuab xim ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab poppy noob pods. Ntawm nws cov derivatives yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tebchaw dibutyl ether thiab dimethyl phthalate, uas yog siv raws li plasticizers ntawm cellulose khoom, yas polymers thiab rubbers. Tsis tas li ntawd, dimethyl, diethyl thiab dibutyl phthalate yog qhov tseem ceeb Cheebtsam ntawm txawv tshuaj.

Isophthalic acid yog dav siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua unsaturated polyester resins. Txij li thaum isophthalates yog zoo heev plasticizers. Txawm li cas los, qhov loj tshaj daim ntawv thov ntawm benzenepolycarboxylic pab pawg neeg ntawm tebchaw twb tsis tau terephthalic acid, uas yog siv rau cov synthesis ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb tshuaj rau qhov kev lag luam raws li polyethylene terephthalate thiab dimethyl terephthalate. Lawv yog siv rau qhov siv thiab koj cov menyuam sib txawv ntawm cov mechanisms, ropes, conveyor koj cov menyuam, nuv ntses nets, sails, rigging, trawls, petrol thiab nefteustoychivyh hoses, fasteners "xob", cov hlua ntawm ntaus pob tesniv rackets, thiab ntau npaum li cas. Ntxiv mus, lub tus textile xov nyob rau hauv uas zus tau tej cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw siv, ua jerseys, ntau yam cov ntaub so ntswg (Crepe, tweed, satin, etc.), kub hnyiab tau cov khoom, raincoat, kaus thiab costume cov ntaub ntawv, shirts, vuam txwv ntev, cov me nyuam cov khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam

Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov acid benzenepolycarboxylic series yog cov tsis tshua txhoj puab heev thiab tej yam tshuaj lom. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib txwm txuas mus rau cov khoom muaj kev ruaj ntseg cov ntaub ntawv Sheet, uas teev tag nrho cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov compound, raws li zoo raws li tus txheej txheem thiab kev cai rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog lawv.