Solovetsky tsev kawm ntawv apprentices Soviet rog keeb kwm, alumni, nco

Hluas nyob rau hauv salted vests, nrog swaying moj yam thiab cwj pwm tsis zoo tau ntsib cov txiv neej ... Jung - ib yam ntawm cov cim ntawm nyob mus ib txhis thiab lub inviolability ntawm naval lig kev cai. Yog hais tias koj muaj ib tug me nyuam tub, npaj txhij tsis tau tawm hauv lub blazing lawj, ces - lub fleet yuav!

Tham txog nyob rau hauv qhov tsab xov xwm no yuav qhia txog cov Solovki tsev kawm ntawv Jung, keeb kwm ntawm qhov chaw no, nws creation, lub kawm tiav thiab nco.

cov menyuam kawm ntawv Petrovs

Alarm me nyuam tub nyob rau hauv Russia nyob yuav luag ib txhij nrog lub fleet - nyob rau hauv 1707 Petr Veliky nrhiav tau thawj lub tsev kawm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, qhov chaw uas kawm cov hluas sailors. Lub tsev kawm ntawv functioned nyob rau hauv Kronstadt, tab sis tsis rau ntev. Ces muaj ib tug zoo xws li cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau navigator lub tsev kawm ntawv, thiab ib qho los twb ua nyob rau hauv 1912 los ntawm lub Kronstadt lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Yog vim li cas rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv (los ntawm txoj kev, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, lub npe sau nyob rau hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv - "yungov tsev kawm ntawv" vim hais tias lub sij hawm "alarm me nyuam tub" ntawm Dutch keeb kwm) - lub yuav tsum tau muab yav tom ntej kev cob qhia rau seafarers. Neeg tsav nkoj yuav tsum tau paub thiab muaj peev xwm rau ntau tshaj ib tug tub rog, thiab npaj zoo sailors ntawm recruits los yog conscripts twb tsis yooj yim - twb siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm.

Lub Soviet tsoom fwv kuj to taub qhov no, thiab nyob rau hauv 1940 teem nws tus kheej lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub hluas nyob rau hauv cov kob ntawm Valaam. Yog, cia li mus tau ib tug zoo kev kawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis muaj lub sij hawm - ua tsov ua rog tsis tos rau lawv. Yuav ua li cas yog lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub Solovki lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub hluas? Qhov no yuav tsum tau tham ntxiv.

Fellows hloov

Valaam alarm me nyuam tub raug tua, yuav luag tag nrho cov (ntawm 200 cov neeg nyob tsis muaj ntau tshaj ib tug teb), sib ntaus sib tua rau lub thiaj li hu ua "Nevsky Spot". Lawv tau qhia lawv tus kheej yuav tsum tau patriots thiab muaj nqi heev, tab sis nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj yog tsis tiav raws li - yuav tsis ua cov txuj ci pas dej ua ke rau lub Navy. Thiab qhov teeb meem yog loj hlob sai heev - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tsov rog xyoo tej sailors raug tua en masse, thiab hloov lawv nrog recruits los ntawm outlying chaw, yeej tsis pom muaj lub hiav txwv, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua. Tsis zoo thiab tsawg kawm ntawv sib tw - lawv twb tsis tau mus tiv nrog es complex nkoj technology.

Ships xa yav tas los tau txais kev pab reservists, tab sis lawv kuj muaj ib tug ntau xeb, thiab cov technology yog tsis sawv tseem. Nrhiav, muaj ntau leej twg yog twb zoo tshaj peb caug, yuav tsis muab suav hais tias ib tug tag nrho-fledged sailors cov tub txawg. Muaj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau tsim ib tug tshiab tsev kawm ntawv rau txoj kev kawm ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj uas yuav ua hauj lwm hauv kev tsov rog thiab tiv nrog lub nkoj machinery.

Admiral tus tsim tej kev cai rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv

Cov coj kev txiav txim siab yog ua los ntawm cov USSR neeg Commissar ntawm cov rog, Admiral NG Kuznetsov. Nws yog hu ua tom qab nws yog tam sim no ib tug heev nto moo Lavxias teb sab aircraft carrier, nqa tawm ib phiaj los nqis tes nyuam qhuav mus rau lub Syrian ntug dej hiav txwv. Tej zaum 25, 1942, Admiral tau kos npe rau ib tug decree ntawm lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub hluas nyob rau hauv lub Solovetsky Islands.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv yog los npaj cov txiv neej rau lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws wartime specialties: xov tooj cua tswv, signalers, kauj, hluav taws xob, kws kho tsheb thiab Navy Boatswain.

Solovki twb yooj yim rau ob peb yog vim li cas - thiab nyob ze rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev sib ntaus los ua hauj lwm, thiab kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev paus ntawm ib co zoo muaj, thiab yav tas los monastery thaj chaw twb yooj yim siv tau rau cov chav kawm ntawv thiab barracks. Cov kev kawm ntawv xyoo no yog pib lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1 - yog li muaj sij hawm mus nqa tawm cov lus qhib phiaj los nqis tes thiab yog nqus tau kev ua hauj lwm cov kev pab cuam. Txhij tuaj pab dawb yuav tsum tsuas yog los ntawm cov Komsomol lub koom haum. Txawm li cas los, Admiral N. G. Kuznetsov yeej taw tes qhia tawm nyob rau hauv nws cov kev txiav txim hais tias tus me nyuam kawm ntawv tej zaum yuav tsis ua mej zeej ntawm lub Komsomol.

Ua txhaum ntawm lub Geneva Convention

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias, muaj ntau tus sib tw nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov me nyuam tub coj no tus thawj coj rau tub rog ntawm hiav txwv ca peculiar. Txawm tias officially nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tau recruited hluas ntawm 15-16 xyoo, tab sis yuav luag ib zaug txawv crook muaj Kawm ua tub rog, frankly tsis tau attained cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm Komsomol. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm tus tsov rog muaj ntau ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab xyuas cov ntaub ntawv yog tsis tau. Tus Solovetsky alarm me nyuam tub thaum lub sij hawm ntawm uas nkag mus rau hauv txoj kev tshawb tau xwb ... 11 lub xyoo!

Yog, teem nyob rau hauv ib tug alarm-tub 15-xyoo-laus cov tub hluas (thiab ib xyoos tom qab lawv raug xa mus rau pab!) Yog meej meej tsis tooj mus rau kev cai ntawm humanitarian Geneva Convention txwv tsis pub siv cov kev tub rog kev pab cuam ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv 18 lub xyoos ntawm hnub nyoog. Tab sis tej no yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog rau kev cai coj dawb huv thiab pej xeem-spirited Soviet cov hluas nyob rau hauv wartime.

Soviet cov tub hluas paub tseeb: nws yog tsim nyog los tuav lub fascists rau nws ua kom tiav kev puas tsuaj! Tab sis lub hav zoov ntawm cov Geneva Convention, feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj tsis muaj lub tswv yim thiab yeej tsis xav kom muaj. Cov me nyuam ntawm cov Soviet Union, uas hloov nyob rau hauv lub tshiab passports xyoo ntawm yug me nyuam 1925 rau 1923, mus rau ntau sai sai tau mus rau pem hauv ntej, los yog nyob rau hauv 11 lub xyoos, swore tias lawv muaj 15 ntau lub ntsiab zoo yog zoo mus nce ib tug me nyuam - lub siab xav mus ua neeg laus sai li sai tau. Thiab loj hlob li lawv to taub kom - raws li lub luag hauj lwm, ua hauj lwm thiab cov dej num.

brutal kev sib tw

Thiab ib tug hluas nyob rau hauv lub USSR yog heev npaum li cas! Lawv tus kheej yav tas los alarm me nyuam tub hais rau kuv tias, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Moscow, nrog rau cov shipping cov lus qhia nrog 500 rooj rau cov thawj txheej ntawm ib tug ob peb hnub 3,500 daim ntaub ntawv twb xa.

Txawm li cas los, nruj me ntsis xaiv. Qhov no yuam kev - xav hais tias Suvorov cov tsev kawm ntawv los yog tsev kawm ntawv apprentices thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog xa heev dua lwm yam tsis muaj tsev nyob. Yog li ntawd, dhau lawm, muaj, tiam sis tsuas yog nrog cov neeg vagrant cov me nyuam, uas cia li yog tsis mired nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua txhaum. Ntau heev, cov neeg hluas ua hauj lwm uas twb me me guerrillas thiab cov tub regiments, raws li zoo li cov me nyuam ntawm tau tas sim neej cov tub rog.

Lawv yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug kev kawm ntawv tsawg kawg yog 6 chav kawm (ib co cunning tswj kom tau nyob ib ncig ntawm txoj cai no) thiab noj qab nyob zoo (qhov chaw uas nws yog ntau yooj yim - kev kho mob commission "qhwv" ntawm ntau). Peb tau qhia lawv los ntawm 9 mus rau 11 lub hlis, khaus heev, thiab cov kev pab cuam muaj tsis tau tsuas yog kev qhuab qhia ntawm specialization, tab sis kuj cov Lavxias teb sab lus, lej, science. Txawm staged ib tug seev cev tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab fleet (nrog ib tug hint ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ntawm apprentices tseem loj hlob captains - muaj peev xwm ua las voos mas suav hais tias yuav tsum tau rau "txoj cai" ntawm ib tug tub rog hiav txwv tub ceev xwm). Qhia cov hluas yuav yeej zoo txuj ci pas dej ua ke.

Unrecognized cov qub tub rog apprentices tsev kawm ntawv

Solovetsky tsev kawm ntawv apprentices Navy ua 5 khoom (3 thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, thiab 2 tom qab nws kawm tiav - cov kawm tiav no mas xa mus rau trawlers, ntshiab hiav txwv kuv). Tom qab ntawd, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tshais mus rau Kronstadt, thiab Solovki alarm me nyuam tub twb - muaj Kronstadt.

Lub tsev kawm ntawv Solovki apprentices thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog, tso tawm ib tug 4111 tus neeg, ces tau txais kev pab rau tag nrho cov fleets (faib nruj me ntsis nyob rau hauv view ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau). Ze li ntawm 1,000 apprentices tsis rov qab mus tsev, muab lub neej rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub motherland. Feem ntau ntawm lawv twb xov tooj cua tswv, tab sis ib tug heev ob peb minders, electricians thiab artillery. Nws yog kauj, signalers thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm marine specialties.

Feem ntau cov ships kawm tiav Solovki lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub hluas muaj pov thawj no tej zaum cov feem ntau educated thiab kawm pab neeg (nro nrog cov neeg ua hauj lwm persisted mus txog rau thaum kawg ntawm tsov rog). Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob, ib tug paradoxical qhov teeb meem - 16-17-xyoo-laus tub nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm trainers thiab cov thawj coj ntawm 40-xyoo-laus tus txiv ntxawm. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lawv tsis nco qab hais qhia rau yungam subordination, tab sis tseem mus kawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntseeg zoo. Txawm li cas los, cov laus conscripts tseem nco zoo lub phiaj los nqis tes mus tshem tawm illiteracy ntawm cov neeg laus, thaum cov xib fwb thiab cov pog yawg, dhau lawm, twb 10-xyoo-laus cov tho kev. Yog li ntawd hais tias cov Soviet sailors zoo to taub: cov hluas - tsis txhais hais tias ib tug me ntsis paub.

Peb muab lawv tsis heev txaus siab, tab sis nqi zog. Solovetsky kawm tiav V. Moiseenko nyob rau hauv 1945 twb muab tsub lub title Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union. Sasha Kovalev (nws tsis yog txawm Alexander - Sasha!) Tau muaj tus txiav txim ntawm cov liab Star thiab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II; ntau raug muab tsub medals. Tab sis postwar paub txog rooj plaub tsis tsim. Kom txog rau thaum 1985 lub Solovki alarm me nyuam tub twb tsis pom tias txawm neeg koom ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog! Muaj tau ib tug txhob txwm zais nrhw ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm kev txaus sab ntawm cov tub rog cog (tej zaum yuav liam tag nrho cov tib Geneva Convention, los ntawm uas nws yog tsim nyog los nkaum kaum tsib xyoos uas captains). Tsuas yog perseverance ntawm Marshal Akhromeeva tso cai los kho ib qho kev tsis ncaj ncees.

Tab sis lub cim xeeb persisted tsis muaj kev xav txog cov bureaucratic liab daim kab xev. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1972 (30 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv) pib tshwm thawj monuments ntawm cov tub hluas los ntawm Solovki, thiab tau ua ib tug ib txwm convention ntawm yav tas los apprentices.

ntau yam kwv ua tij

Nws yog noteworthy tias cov apprentices uas ciaj tsov rog, nws yog ib tug ntau ntawm multi-feemxyuam neeg, muaj ntau yam tau tiav nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm specialties.

Vladimir Korobov, Yu Pandorin thiab N. Usenko lub neej tag nrho khi li nrog lub fleet, nce feem rau cov Admiral, Tsheb Admiral thiab tus tauj ncov loj 2 plaws. Cov peb sailors tom qab tsov rog tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union nyob rau hauv txawv tshwm sim. Plaub lwm alumni twb muab tsub Star ntawm lub Hero ntawm Socialist Labor.

I. K. Peretruhin xaiv cov tub rog kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw - los ua ib tug tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv counterintelligence. Nws pom nws tus kheej ib tug alarm me nyuam tub thiab cov neeg uas tau txiav txim siab los hloov tus duab nrog nws cap on ib tug pej xeem nplua. BT Shtokolov khwv tau lub title ntawm neeg lub Artist ntawm lub USSR - nws yog ib tug naas ej opera singer, performer ntses bass thaj tsam cov kab. V. V. Leonov tau starred nyob rau hauv dozens ntawm films; Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog ib tug Bard, pib xyaum ua performer ntawm nws tus kheej zaj nkauj. GN Matyushin tiv thaiv rau cov preservation ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm nws cov haiv neeg teb chaws raws li xav li tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab - archeologists tau txais lub npe ntawm academician. VG Guzanov sau scripts rau movies thiab cov phau ntawv; Nws kuj tau ua ib tug ntau mus nrhiav kom tau kev cai Lavxias teb sab-Japanese kev sib raug zoo, twb paub tus kws Japanese kev tshawb fawb. Ib txhia ntawm nws phau ntawv yog sau nyob rau hauv Japanese.

Tab sis qhov tseem lug paub tau txais ib qho ntawm lub heev phem offenders ntawm cov Geneva Convention. Valentin Savich Pikul thaum nkag mus kawm rau Solovetsky tsev kawm ntawv xyoo ntaus nqi mus rau nws tus kheej. Nws yuav tsum tau dais cov kev sib ntaus los luag hauj lwm, tab sis txoj hmoo yog paaj - ib tug hluas neeg tsav nkoj thiaj dim xwb. Tom qab ntawd V. S. Pikul nto moo li no tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv specializing nyob rau hauv keeb kwm novels. Soviet cov txawj nyeem ntawv (feem ntau pampered zoo cov ntaub ntawv) nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm nws phau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub queue thiab dua lawv rau koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv typewriters. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov novels Pikul txoj kev los sis lwm, tab sis lwm yam rau cov tubrog nkoj lub ntsiab.

Ib phau ntawv hais txog lub Solovki lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub hluas 'tub hluas nrog bows "

Tsis txhob hnov qab cov txawj sau ntawv thiab nws tsaus ntuj nti cov hluas nyob rau hauv Solovki. nws nplooj siab tus tshiab "Tub nrog bows" rau nws comrades ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv cov tub hluas thiab lawv tsis yooj yim destiny. Nws piav txog lub neej thiab txoj hmoo ntawm Solovki tsev kawm ntawv ntawm nws kawm tiav nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm thiab VG Guzanov.

Yog hais tias cov hauj lwm yog qub apprentices no yeej tseem zoo ntawv cov ntaub ntawv, muaj yog ib tug nrov thiab coj mus rau cov hluas hauv lub tam sim no hnub nco txog cov kev siv cov phooj ywg. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Lub hiav txwv yog hu mus rau lub siab tawv" yuav raug muab rau ib qho piv txwv. Nws yog zoo tshaj plaws uas nws luam tawm nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl - Yaroslavl nyob qhov twg, thiab qhov uas cov Solovki!

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Solovki tsev kawm ntawv apprentices twb xav nyob rau hauv lub Soviet xinesmas - cov zaj duab xis raws li nyob rau hauv nws, "Young Northern Fleet" yog cia.

Nco nyob rau hauv cov pob zeb ntawm tus naas ej lub tsev kawm ntawv

Qhov no robust khoom kuj yuav feat tsim nyog cov tub ntxhais heroes vests. Tus thawj monument nyob rau hauv Solovki nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus 30 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nws qub alarm me nyuam tub tau ua rau lawv tus kheej, rau lawv tus kheej thiab nyob rau ntawm lawv tus kheej nyiaj them.

Tom qab ntawd, tom qab lub official paub txog lub Solovki Jung cov qub tub rog ntawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog, mus perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm lawv twb muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si rau tsoom fwv thiab cov pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv 1995, muaj ib tug cheeb tsam ntawm Solovki apprentices. Nyob rau hauv 1993, ib tug monument rau cov hluas sailors teem rau lub waterfront ntawm lub sab qaum teb Dvina, thiab nyob rau hauv 2005 - nyob rau hauv lub npe nyob rau hauv lawv cov yawm cheeb tsam (nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si zaum, qhov kev sau hais sculptor F. Sogayan).

Tab sis qhov tseem nthuav monument sawv nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm ib tug ntawm cov Moscow tsev kawm ntawv (tam sim no - "Vertical" chav xyaum tes taw). Nws tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1988, thiab tus sau peb tes num kuj yog ib tug kawm tiav ntawm lub Solovetsky - artist E. N. Goryachev. Moscow tsev kawm ntawv thiab los ua nto moo rau nej tau tsim lub teb chaws tus thawj tsev cia puav pheej Solovetsky apprentices - nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm lub qub tub rog lawv tus kheej thiab tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus menyuam kawm ntawv txoj kev txaus siab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws lub koom haum ua si ib Komsomol - lub Communist hluas Union koom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev dag, tab sis kuj (mus rau ib tug ntau dua twg) ib tug ncaj ncees thiab patriotic kev kawm ntawv. Tsev khaws puav pheej nyob rau hauv 1983, thiab mus txog rau thaum 2012 nws twb mus los ntawm tus tauj ncov loj 1 nyob qib (Ret) N. V. Osokin - lub qub Solovetsky Jung.

"Tsis txhob ua li ntawd kuv xav tias, comrades, uas nyob rau yungah qhib tsev cia puav pheej", - sau rau lub sij hawm no Bard V. V. Leonov. Nws cov paj huam los ua tus motto ntawm no cim lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Zoo siab hnub tseem ceeb, comrades!

Nyob rau hauv 2017, lub 75th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub Solovki tsev kawm ntawv apprentices. Celebrations rau hauv kev kawm tau nyob rau hauv Moscow, Arkhangelsk thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau Solovki. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, txoj hmoo ntawm yav tas los cov tub ntxhais kawm (13 ntawm lawv tam sim no nyob rau arhangelogorodschine) thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv nws tus kheej Solovetsky Arkhangelsk Jung thiab nws coj noj coj ua yog heev xav. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tseem ceeb ceremony tuav ib txhis commemorative rooj sib tham ntawm lub ob peb seem kawm tiav. regional thawj coj pib tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau los tsim nyob rau hauv Solovki tsev cia puav pheej thiab memorial.

Tiag - Solovetsky Islands tuaj, nyob qhov twg cov tsev kawm ntawv cov tub hluas nyob, yuav tsum txaj muag hais tias nyob rau hauv no hwm lawv muab primacy Moscow. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tam sim no hais tias cov coj noj coj ua ntawm qhov tam sim no Solovetsky monastery belongs rau cov teg num los tsim Jung Tsev khaws puav pheej to taub thiab kev pab txhawb nqa. Rau xws li ib tug zoo ua monks pom zoo ib me ntsis "txav" thiab mus kav tej pab nyob rau hauv scientific thiab lub koom haum ua hauj lwm.

Thiab nws yuav txawm yuav reborn thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv nws tus kheej. Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Russia xa ib qho kev hloov mus Solovki ib co lug Tubrog nkoj Cadet Corps rau dua rau lub Lavxias teb sab tsev hais plaub twb heroic Solovki alarm me nyuam tub. Leej twg paub. Tej zaum zaj dab neeg ntawm tus naas ej Solovetsky tsev kawm ntawv apprentices yog tsis tshaj ...