Rachmaninov: daim ntawv teev. Paub ua hauj lwm Rachmaninoff

Qhov zoo Lavxias teb sab composer, pianist thiab neeg xyuas pib Sergey Vasilevich Rahmaninov yog tus sau ntawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm tej hauj lwm uas muaj ntau yam lwm yam - los ntawm lub sketches mus rau lub opera. Nws ci ntsa iab music yog paub tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no. Nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninov thiab suab niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Ua music composer pib 5 xyoo, thiab thaum nws yog 13, nws twb qhia rau Tchaikovsky, uas qhuas nws lub peev xwm.

Tej hauj lwm los ntawm Rachmaninoff impregnated nrog Romanticism thiab lyricism, lub zog thiab txoj kev ywj pheej. Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhia nyob rau hauv nws lub suab seev yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub motherland.

Tej hauj lwm los ntawm Rachmaninov - daim ntawv teev

Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev ntawm tej hauj lwm uas muab lub ntiaj teb no lub composer:

• plaub concerts rau piano thiab orchestra;
• peb symphonies;
• peb ua yeeb yam;
• suite "Symphonic Seev cev";
• Vocalise rau lub suab thiab piano, nplooj siab mus rau opera singer Antonine Nezhdanovoy;
• 3 zaj paj huam ( "Tub huabtais Rostislav", "neeb" thiab "tuag Island");
• 2 symphony
• Tsib daim rau Piano u;
• 2 Sonatas rau Piano;
• Sonata thiab ob daim rau Cello thiab piano;
• Capriccio rau Gypsy ntxhais;
• Ob daim rau Cello thiab Piano;
• cantata "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav";
• Rau daim rau Piano Plaub Ob txhais tes
• 2 tej hauj lwm rau chorus acapella;
• "Pob tsuas" vantaziya.

Thiab Preludes, Etudes, zaj nkauj, Lavxias teb sab zaj nkauj thiab thiaj li nyob.

Tub Ntxhais Kawm Ntawv lub xyoo, lub composer

Nyob rau hauv 1882 Sergey nkag mus hauv lub Conservatory nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thiab nyob rau hauv 1885 hais ntxiv nws ntxiv kev kawm ntawv twb nyob rau hauv Moscow Conservatory ntawm ob chaw ua hauj lwm - piano thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nyob rau hauv 1981 Rachmaninov nrog honors kawm tiav los ntawm lub piano, thiab ib xyoos tom qab kawm tiav raws li ib tug composer.

Tej hauj lwm los ntawm Rachmaninoff (hauv daim ntawv), uas nws tau raug sau nyob rau hauv nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv xyoo:

• Concerto rau piano thiab orchestra №1;
• Hluas Symphony;
• symphonic zaj paj huam "Tub huabtais Rostislav," sau los ntawm cov khoom ntawm Tolstoy, uas twb xub ua rau cov pej xeem tom qab tus sau txoj kev tuag xwb
• opera "Aleko", uas tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug kev kawm rau ib tug paj huam, AS Pushkin, yog tus thesis ua hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninov rau muaj pes tsawg leeg department.

Tej hauj lwm sau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1893-1899

Nyob rau hauv 1893, Rachmaninoff sau Elegiac Trio hu ua "Nco ntawm ib tug kuj zoo kawg thiab Artist", uas yog nplooj siab mus Petru Ilichu Chaykovskomu thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws txoj kev tuag. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yuav tau hnov quaj ntsuag lub poob thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm qab zib puas ntawm ib tug zoo txiv neej, raws li zoo raws li philosophical sib cam txog yuav ua li cas fleeting lub neej yog. Lwm yam tej hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninoff, uas nws tau sau thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm 1893 mus 1899 xyoo: lub symphonic fantasy "Pob tsuas" suab paj nruas Moments rau piano prelude rau piano nyob rau hauv C-ntse muaj hnub nyoog. 1895 twb cim los ntawm kev sau ntawv Symphony №1, uas premiered tau ob xyoos xwb tom qab nws creation. Symphony tau ua tsis tau tejyam, lub composer coj lawv tus kheej creatively nyiaj ob peb xyoos ua thiaj tau tuaj raws li ib tug pianist thiab neeg xyuas pib, sau ntawv music yog tsis koom.

1900s nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim lub neej ntawm composer

Thaum lub sij hawm no, composer overcomes txawj sau ntawv thaiv , thiab rov pib sau. Txij thaum ntawd los pib lub feem ntau fruitful sij hawm ntawm nws kev ua. Suab paj nruas tej hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninoff, tsim nyob rau hauv cov xyoo:

• tus thib ob hais kwv txhiaj rau piano thiab orchestra;
• Sonata rau Cello thiab piano;
• cantata "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav", uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv verses N. A. Nekrasova;
• Symphony №2;
• №3 kev hais kwv txhiaj rau piano thiab orchestra;
• tu siab heev laus zaj paj huam "Isle ntawm cov neeg tuag", uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov composer tus dub-thiab-dawb daim ntawv ntawm cov mystical paintings Arnolda Beklina.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm 1904 mus 1906 Sergey tau sau ob ib-act opera, "Francesca da Rimini" los ntawm Dante, "Lub miserly Knight" los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Alexander Pushkin. Nyob rau hauv 1906, lub ob yeeb yam tau muab tso rau hauv lub Bolshoi Theatre, tab sis lub thoob plaws tej chaw tsis tau txais. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub opera Rachmaninov "Monna Vanna" (raws li nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm cov kev ua si los ntawm M. Maeterlinck), tab sis nws tseem tsis tiav.

Nyob rau hauv 1910, lub composer tig mus rau lub suab qw suab paj nruag thiab sau tau cov Divine Liturgy ntawm St. John Chrysostom, nyob rau hauv 1913 - lub paj huam "Lub Neeb", thiab nyob rau hauv 1915 - lub liturgical song "Tag nrho cov-Hmo ntuj Vigil." ob phau ntawv sau Preludes rau Piano tau tsim thiab raws li ntau phau ntawv sau, "Etudes-duab."

Nyob rau hauv 1917 lub composer mus nyob ncig saib thiab rov qab mus rau Russia tsis tau rov qab. Kom txog thaum nws tuag, nws nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. Nyob rau hauv thawj cuaj xyoo ntawm nws lub neej nyob rau hauv exile Sergey kuv tsis tau sau ntawv music. Thaum kawg ntawm lub cuaj xyoos nws sau №4 Concerto rau Piano thiab Orchestra (tsis dhau nto moo tej hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej uas twb tsis muaj kev vam meej thiab trafficked los ntawm nws ob peb zaug), "Peb Lavxias teb sab Songs" (tragic ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv uas yog kos ib tug longing rau Russia) , Variations rau ib lub ntsiab ntawm Corelli (uas yog txawv txawv rau no ib hom ntawv nyeem suab paj nruag daim ntawv no), tus naas ej Rhapsody rau ib lub ntsiab ntawm Paganini Symphony №3, «Symphonic seev cev" rau orchestra. Tsis ntev los no hauj lwm los ntawm Rachmaninoff imbued nrog homesickness.

romances

Pub muab kwv yees tawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab classical romance ntawm pre-revolutionary era ntawm suab hauj lwm los ntawm Rachmaninov. Daim ntawv teev cov zaj nkauj sau los ntawm Sergei Vasilyevich nyob rau hauv txawv xyoo:

• "Nyob rau ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm tus monastery" rau cov kwv huam los ntawm M. Yu. Lermontova;
• "Nyob rau hauv lub silence ntawm lub hmo ntuj" nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm A. FET;
• "Koj puas nco qab seb puas rau yav tsaus ntuj" nyob rau verses AK Tolstoy;
• "Plaub Hlis Ntuj" nyob rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus los ntawm ib tug naas ej Fabkis V. Tushnova;
• "Tsis txhob hu nkauj, kuv kev zoo nkauj," rau cov kwv huam los ntawm A. S. Pushkina;
• "Hav dej Lily" nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm A. Pleshnova G.Geyne;
• "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej" ntawm cov kwv huam los ntawm Tyutchev;
• "Oh, tsis txhob tu siab" nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm A. Apukhtina;
• "Lawv teb hais tias," translation ntawm verses Viktora Gyugo;
• "Thaum tsaus ntuj, nyob rau hauv lub vaj" nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Alexander BLOK;
• "Au" nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Balmont.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws tej hauj lwm S.Rakhmaninov

Lossis loj legacy sab laug mus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj Lavxias teb sab composers - Rakhmaninov. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm Sergei Vasilievich: cov no yog cov peb ntawm nws ua yeeb yam, concertos rau piano, Rhapsody rau ib tug lub ntsiab ntawm lub Paganini, suite "Symphonic Seev cev" Vocalise rau lub suab thiab piano, cov paj huam "Lub Neeb", romances.

Cov naas ej "Vocalise" yog sau rau ib tug tenor los yog ib tug soprano, tab sis tseem ua tau feem ntau ntawm nws tus tswv soprano. Vocalization tejyam tsis muaj lo lus, ib tug (yog) lub cim suab. Lub chaw ua hauj lwm no kuj txheej txheem ua nrog cov orchestra, choir thiab orchestra, orchestra tsis muaj ib tug vocalist rau instrumental soloists, muaj ntau ntau yam txhais ntawm no ua hauj lwm.

Suite "Symphonic Seev cev" sau nyob rau hauv exile nyob rau hauv 1940 thiab yog tus kawg ua hauj lwm ntawm Sergei Vasilievich, nws tsim nws rau peb lub xyoos ua ntej nws tuag. Qhov no suab paj nruag yog tag nrho cov riddled nrog kev ntxhov siab vim rau txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg uas tau mov hauv ob ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog.

Opera "Francesca da Rimini" - cov dab neeg uas nws coj los ntawm Dante lub Divine Comedy. Tus neeg sau ntawm cov libretto rau no opera ua M. I. Chaykovsky.

Cov paj huam "Lub Neeb"

Tej zaum cov feem ntau nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninov - ib tug symphonic paj huam "Lub Neeb." Nws yog sau ntawv rau peb soloists (baritone, tenor, soprano), paab chorus tseem thiab orchestra. Lub eponymous zaj paj huam los ntawm Edgar Allan Poe yog lub hauv paus ntawm no ua hauj lwm. Cov paj huam muaj plaub qhov chaw ntawm cov xwm sib txawv, uas qhia ntau yam theem ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Qhov 1 thiab 2 (kab tshoob chime thiab neeb) express kev zoo siab serene, qhov chaw 3 thiab 4 - qhov no yog qhov tswb, pam tuag tswb suab tragically. Thawj feem allegro tenor soloist; nyob rau hauv lub thib ob yog ib feem Lento soloist soprano - suab ib tug kab tshoob nplhaib, thiab lub suab paj nruag yog hais txog kev hlub; peb ib feem ntawm presto ua hu nkauj ua ke thiab orchestra - suab tswb, lub suab paj nruag qhia cov kev ntshai; nyob rau hauv ib feem plaub ntawm lub baritone soloist - no nws suab rau txoj kev tuag knell ntawm cov suab paj nruag - yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm txoj kev tuag. Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Rachmaninoff, nws yog nws ua hauj lwm, nws hlub saum toj no tag nrho lwm cov thiab hais tias yog dab tsi nws puas tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog enthusiastically.

Opera "Aleko"

Ua yeeb yam Rachmaninoff heev heev. Cov thawj heev ntawm nws opera, uas nws tau sau raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau conservatory, - "Aleko" nyob rau zaj paj huam los ntawm Alexander Pushkin lub "Gypsies". Nws yog tus thesis ntawm lub composer. Librettist VI Nemirovich-Danchenko. Lub premiere twb muaj ib xyoos tom qab nyob rau hauv lub Bolshoi Theatre thiab yog ib tug zoo zoo. Nyob rau hauv ib tug loj siab txog lub opera yog ib tug zoo Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm qhov zoo nkauj loj leeb ntxhais Zemfira alters nws tus txiv Alec hluas neeg loj leeb, uas poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog. Aleko nyob rau hauv txoj kev chim siab tua Zemfira lover thiab nws tus kheej. Roma tsis tsum lawv tus kheej mus rau ib tug lim hiam ua Aleko thiab mus, tawm hauv nws nyob ib leeg nrog nws lub siab.

Rhapsody rau ib tug lub ntsiab ntawm lub Paganini

Sergeya Rahmaninova ua hauj lwm rau piano thiab orchestra yog los ntawm cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Rhapsody rau ib tug lub ntsiab ntawm lub Paganini yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Sau ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv exile. Nws muaj 24 variations rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm ib lub npe nrov tshaj Caprice Niccolo Paganini - Caprice №24. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov tej hauj lwm ntawm Rachmaninov rau hnub no, nws muaj peev xwm yuav hnov nyob rau soundtrack rau ntau txawv teb chaws films.