Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub tam sim no rau tooj liab conductors

Thaum ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no ntws los ntawm cov cable, ib feem ntawm lub zog yog poob lawm. Nws mus rau cua sov conductors, vim hais tias ntawm lawv tsis kam mus txo uas tsub kom lub kis hwj chim nqi thiab cov pub tam sim no rau cov tooj liab nyob ntawm tej. Qhov tseem tau nyob rau hauv kev xyaum neeg xyuas pib yog tooj liab, uas muaj me me hluav taws xob kuj nqi loj txaus tau txais kev pab los ntawm thiab yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam.

Cov nram qab no co nrog zoo conductivity yog txhuas. Nws yog cheaper dua tooj liab, tab sis nws yog ntau nkig thiab deformed ntawm cov pob qij txha. Thawj nyob rau hauv-lub tsev domestic network tau ua nrog txhuas nyob ntawm tej. Lawv muab zais nyob rau hauv plaster rau ib ntev lub sij hawm mus nco txog lub xov. Hluav taws xob mus mas rau teeb pom kev zoo, thiab nyob ntawm tej yuav tau yooj yim mas cov load.

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm technology, ib tug tswv tsev ntawm hluav taws xob khoom siv, uas tau ua indispensable nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab yuav tsum tau hluav taws xob ntau. Fais fab kev noj tau ntau zog thiab cov xov yog tsis muaj ntev tiv nrog nws. Tam sim no nws yog yooj yim sua kom hluav taws xob chav tsev los yog lub tsev tsis muaj kev xam hwj chim thaiv. Nyob ntawm tej thiab cables yog xaiv thiaj li kom tsis txhob ruaj nqi, thiab lawv muaj siab tiv nrog tag nrho cov loads nyob rau hauv lub tsev.

Yog vim li cas hluav taws xob cua sov

Dua ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no ua rau cov cua kub ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib. Thaum tsa tau kub, hlau yog oxidized sai heev, thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev pib yaj thaum ib tug kub ntawm 65 ⁰ C. Qhov ntau nws yog rhuab, tus ceev mus down. Vim li no, cov hlau yog xaiv rau lub pub tam sim no, uas tsis tshwm sim rau lawv overheat.

Cheeb Tsam thaiv seem

Tus duab ntawm tus hlau yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog, square, duab plaub, los yog daim duab peb sab. Nyob rau hauv lub thaj thaiv seem dua yeej. Lub log tsheb tooj liab yog feem ntau ntsia tau rau hauv cov kev tswj txee thiab yog lub los yog square.

Ntoo khaub lig-sectional chaw yog txiav txim los ntawm nyob rau qhov yooj yim ntev tau ntsuas nrog ib tug caliper:

• vajvoog - S = πd ^2/4;
• square - S = ^2;
• duab plaub - S = ib tug * b;
• daim duab peb sab - πr ^2/3.

Cov nram qab no cim yog siv nyob rau hauv cov lus teb:

• r - lub voos kheej-kheej;
• d - txoj kab uas hla;
• b, ib tug - dav thiab ntev ntawm lub seem;
• π = 3,14.

Muab xam los ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub xov

Lub hwj chim tso nyob rau hauv cov leeg ntawm lub cable thaum lub sij hawm nws lub lag luam yog txiav txim los ntawm cov mis: P = kuv _n ² RN,

qhov twg kuv _n - load tam sim no, A; R - kuj, nyob rau hauv ohms; n - tus naj npawb ntawm conductors.

Cov mis no yog tsim thaum xam xyuas ib tug load. Yog hais tias lub cable yog kev cob cog rua rau ntau yam rau lawv, cov muaj nuj nqis ntawm tshav kub yog xam nyias rau txhua lub zog txais kev pab, thiab ces tus tau yog summed.

Cov pub tam sim no rau cov tooj liab tso tseg hlau no kuj xam los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig seem. Rau lub hom phiaj no lub kawg ntawm fluff, ntsuas lub lub cheeb ntawm ib tug ntawm cov nyob ntawm tej, xam lub cheeb tsam thiab khoo los ntawm tus xov tooj nyob rau hauv lub hlau.

Hlau loj rau txawv operating tej yam kev mob

neeg xyuas pib ntoo khaub lig-sections conveniently ntsuas nyob rau hauv square millimeters. Yog hais tias roughly kwv yees lub pub tam sim no mm2 tooj liab hlau kis tau los ntawm ib tug 10 A, nws tsis overheat.

Lub cable nyob ntawm tej uas nyob ib sab mus rau txhua lwm yam sov, yog li ntawd koj yuav tsum tau xaiv lub thickness ntawm cov leeg rau hauv lub rooj los yog cov hloov mus rau nws. Ntxiv mus, kev ntsuas noj nrog ib tug me me paj tau paj upwards thiab tom qab yog xaiv los ntawm ib tug txheej txheem ntau yam.

Thaiv yuav ua tau overt thiab covert. Nyob rau hauv thawj embodiment, nws yog pw nyob rau sab nraum chaw nyob rau hauv cov kav dej los yog cable ducts. Latent ncua nyob rau hauv plaster, nyob rau hauv lub raws los yog hlab hauv cov lug. Ntawm no, ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob ntau stringent, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv ceev rau tej qhov chaw tsis muaj huab cua cable kub tshaj.

Rau txawv operating tej yam kev mob yog kho coefficients, uas yuav tsum tau khoo los ntawm lub xam tas mus li tam sim no nyob rau yam nram qab no:

• monocable nyob rau hauv ib tug raj ntev ntawm 10 m: I = Kuv _n x 0,94;
• peb ib leeg-core cables nyob rau hauv ib tug raj: I = Kuv _n x 0.9;
• tso nyob rau hauv dej nrog ib tug tiv thaiv txheej hom Kl: I = Kuv _n x 1.3;
• plaub-core cable sib npaug zos khej: I = Kuv _n x 0,93.

Piv txwv li

Thaum lub load yog 5 kW thiab 220 V hwj chim tam sim no los ntawm cov tooj liab hlau yog 5 × 1000/220 = 22.7 A. Nws tus ntoo khaub lig seem yuav 22.7 / 10 = 2.27 hli ^2. Cov nyiaj no yuav muab rau cov permissible tam sim no ntawm tooj liab nyob ntawm tej ntawm tshav kub. Yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog qhov no mus coj ib tug me me paj tau paj ntawm 15%. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus ntoo khaub lig seem yuav S = 2,27 + 2,27 x 15/100 = 2.61 hli ^2. Tam sim no mus rau qhov luaj li cas yuav tsum tuaj tos tus qauv neeg xyuas pib ntoo khaub lig-section, uas yog 3 hli.

Dissipation ntawm tshav kub thaum lub sij hawm kev lag luam ntawm lub cable

Lub handler tej zaum yuav tsis raug sov li los dua tam sim no indefinitely. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws muab tshav kub mus rau cov ib puag ncig, tus nqi uas nyob rau ntawm lub kub sib txawv therebetween. Nyob rau tej taw tes, ib tug equilibrium mob no tshwm sim thiab tus neeg xyuas pib kub yog teem qhov.

Tseem Ceeb! Thaum zoo xaiv thaiv poob rau cua sov yog txo. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias thaum lub irrational zog noj (thaum lub hlau overheat) kuj yuav tau them. Nyob rau hauv ib tes koj yuav tau them rau tus ntxiv noj tom khw thiab nyob rau lwm yam - rau cov kev hloov ntawm lub cable.

Xaiv cov hlau ntoo khaub lig-section

tsis yog tshwj xeeb xav seb ib tug raug chav tsev electricians uas tus xov seem xaiv. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, siv tau cov no:

• Cable lead-nyob rau hauv - 6.4 hli ^2;
• socket - 2.5 hli ^2;
• yooj yim teeb pom kev zoo - 1.5 hli ^2.

Xws li ib tug system copes nrog lub load yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom siv loj, uas feem ntau yuav tsum nqa ib daim fais fab mov.

Great mus nrhiav ib tug siv tau tam sim no tooj liab hlau, lub rooj ntawm qhov directory. Nws kuj qhia tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv muab xam siv txhuas.

Lub hauv paus rau cov kev xaiv ntawm xov ib lub hwj chim neeg. Yog hais tias lub hwj huam tas nrho nyob rau hauv cov kab los ntawm lub ntsiab tswv yim P = 7,4 kW ntawm U = 220 V, ib tug pub tam sim no rau cov tooj liab nyob ntawm tej 34 yuav tsum yog nyob rau hauv lub rooj A, thiab tus ntoo khaub lig seem - 6 hli ² (kaw gasket).

Luv-lub sij hawm khiav hauj lwm hom

Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub ncov tam sim no rau tooj liab nyob ntawm tej lub sij hawm khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob nrog mus txog rau 10 feeb thiab ua hauj lwm sij hawm nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog tsis ntau tshaj 4 feeb yog muab los mus ua lag luam, yog hais tias tus ntoo khaub lig seem yog tsis ntau tshaj li 6 hli ^2. Thaum sectional saum toj no 6 hli ^2: Kuv _DOP = kuv _n ∙ 0.875 / √T _ae .

qhov twg T _ae - piv ntawm lub caij lub sij hawm mus rau lub caij ntawm cov ua hauj lwm mus los.

Xa tawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm overload thiab luv luv-Circuit Court yog txiav txim los ntawm kev yam ntxwv siv fais fab. Hauv qab no yog ib daim duab ntawm ib tug me me tiaj tswj vaj huam sib luag. Hwj chim ntawm lub 'meter' nkag mus rau hauv tsis siv neeg cov kev taw qhia DP MCB peev xwm ntawm 63 A, uas tiv thaiv lub xov cav tov ib tug neeg hwj chim kav 10 A, 16 A thiab 20 A.

Tseem Ceeb! Kev ceeb toom txog cov cav tov yuav tsum muaj tsawg tshaj li lub siab tshaj plaws pub tam sim no xov thiab ntau dua tam sim no load. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua kab yuav raug muaj kev tiv thaiv.

Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib tug lead mus rau hauv lub apartment?

Tus nqi ntawm cov nyob tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cable nkag mus rau hauv lub chav tsev nyob ntawm ntau npaum li cas cov neeg siv yog kev cob cog rua. Lub rooj qhia tau hais tias tus tsim nyog kiag li lawm thiab lawv lub hwj chim.

hluav taws xob kws	Nyob lub hwj chim, kW
TV	0,18
boiler	2-6
fridge	0.2-0.3
cub	2-5
lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum	0,65-1
hluav taws xob hwj kais	1,2-2
hlau	1.7-2.3
microwave	0,8-2
computer	0,3-1
siv lub tshuab ntxuav	2.5-3.5
teeb pom kev zoo system	0.5
tsuas	12,03-23,78

Tus tam sim no lub dag lub zog ntawm lub zoo-paub hwj chim muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau los ntawm cov kev qhia:

I = P ∙ K _thiab / (U ∙ cos φ), qhov chaw uas K = _{0.75, thiab} - qhov simultaneity tau.

Rau feem ntau hluav taws xob khoom siv uas yog active load hwj chim tshaj cos φ = 1. Nyob rau hauv fluorescent teeb, hluav taws xob lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus tsev vacuum, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam, Thiab nws yog tsawg tshaj li 1, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Permissible mus tam sim no rau cov pab kiag li lawm qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj, yuav muab kuv = 41 - 81 A. Tus nqi tau yog heev impressive. Koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov xav txog nws, thaum mus yuav ib tug tshiab kws, seb nws chav tsev saw rub. Los ntawm cov lus qhib xov tswv yim hlau seem yuav 4-10 hli ^2. Muaj tseem yuav tsum tau yuav tau li chav tsev load yuav cuam tshuam rau ntau lub tsev. Nws yog tau hais tias lub tsev chaw ua hauj lwm tsis pub mus cuag ntau cov khoom siv rau lub qhov rooj ntawm lub riser qhov twg los faib khoom nyob rau hauv txhua theem thiab nruab nrab lub tsheb npav dhau mus (tooj liab los yog txhuas). Lawv cia li yuav tsis rub lub fais 'meter', uas yog feem ntau yog ntsia tau rau hauv lub ntaub thaiv npog rau lub tsaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus nqi rau cov nqi hluav taws xob overruns qauv yuav loj hlob mus rau ib tug impressive loj vim ua coefficients.

Yog hais tias lub xov ua rau ib tug private lub tsev, muaj yog xav tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub peev xwm ntawm ib txoj kev khiav hlau los ntawm lub ntsiab network. Feem ntau siv PAS-4-section 12 hli txhuas hlau ² tej zaum yuav tsis muaj txaus rau ib tug hnyav load.

thaiv xaiv rau ib tug neeg pab pawg ntawm cov neeg

Thaum xaiv cable mus txuas rau lub network thiab khaws los ntawm tiv thaiv tiv thaiv overloads thiab luv luv-circuits automatic nkag rau nws, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov hlau rau txhua tus neeg pab pawg neeg.

Lub load yog muab faib ua teeb pom kev zoo thiab lub hwj chim. Tus haib tshaj cov neeg siv nyob rau hauv lub tsev yog lub chav ua noj, nyob qhov twg lub ntsia fais cub, siv lub tshuab ntxuav thiab tshuab ntxuav tais diav, tub yees, microwave thiab lwm yam khoom siv.

Rau txhua xaiv qhov hluav taws xob nyob ntawm tej ntawm 2.5 hli ^2. Los ntawm lub rooj nws yog dej ntws yaug mus dhau mov Circuit Court 21 A. feem ntau radial - los ntawm lub hlws ris lub thawv. Yog li ntawd, lub thawv yuav tsum haum rau cov hlau 4 mm ^2. Yog hais tias lub nyob yog kev cob cog rua rau lub tiaj cable, nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias tus ntoo khaub lig seem ntawm 2.5 hli ² sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub hwj chim ntawm 4.6 kW. Yog li ntawd, lub load rau lawv yuav tsis pub tshaj nws. Muaj yog ib tug disadvantage: nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob, tus so zaum kuj yuav inoperative.

Nyob rau hauv boiler, hluav taws xob qhov cub, cua-txias thiab lwm cov load nws yog advisable mus cuag ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib hlau nrog ib rab phom. Lub chav dej kuj yog ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib nkag nrog ib rab phom thiab RCD.

Nyob rau hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1.5 hli ^2. Tam sim no muaj ntau yam siv qhov yooj yim thiab ntxiv cov kev pab uas yuav tsum tau ib tug loj dua tus ntoo khaub lig seem.

Yuav ua li cas los mus laij lub peb-theem thaiv?

Lub xam ntawm pub cable loj muaj feem xyuam rau lub hom network. Yog hais tias lub hwj chim noj, tam sim no load ntawm lub cable conductors rau peb-theem network yuav yuav me tshaj rau ib tug ib leeg-theem.

Peb-core lub hwj huam qaum nrog U = 380 mis yog siv:

I = P / (√3 ∙ U ∙ cos φ).

Lub hwj chim tshaj muaj nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob yam ntxwv, los yog nws yog 1, yog hais tias tus active load. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pub tam sim no rau tooj liab nyob ntawm tej thiab txhuas rau peb-theem voltage yog qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj.

xaus

Yuav kom tiv thaiv overheating thaum lub sij hawm heev conductors load yuav tsum tau kom zoo xam transverse ntoo khaub lig seem, nyob rau hauv uas lub pub tam sim no rau tooj liab nyob ntawm tej. Yog hais tias tus neeg xyuas pib yog tsis txaus lub hwj chim, lub cable prematurely tsis.