Paleogene lub sij hawm - lub lub sij hawm ntawm tsim ntawm cov tsiaj. Yam ntxwv Paleogene

Ib txhia lub sij hawm ntawm lub geological keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb, lub Paleogene, lub Devonian, Cambrian, piv txwv li, txawv nyob rau hauv kev siv hloov rau hauv av. Yog li ntawd, 570 mln.- 480 lab lub xyoo dhau los, mam li nco dheev nyob ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev pab. 400 lab - 320 lab lub xyoo dhau los, mus txog rau nws ncov orogenic zog. Nyob rau teb chaws pib kis noob nroj tsuag, amphibians nyob. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no yog cov tshaj cum lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb geological keeb kwm. Paleogene n-d kiav txhab qauv yog complex. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev uas nws yog zoo li tus niaj hnub.

Nta ntuj tej yam kev mob

Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm kiav txhab qauv ntawm cov ntiaj chaw tseem siab kuj kub. Qhov no yog evidenced los ntawm loj heev ntawm cov tej yam kev mob ntawm cov suab puam, nabqa tis, evolution ntawm kab (Paleogene, Perm). Triassic lub sij hawm cim tshwm sim los ntawm cov tswv yim qub tsiaj thawj dinosaurs. Nyob rau thaj av ntawm yeej coniferous nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv lub Paleogene kev nyab xeeb yog me me. Nyob rau hauv equatorial kub mus txog 28 degrees, thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam nyob ze ntawm lub North Hiav txwv -. 22-26.

zoning

Thaum lub sij hawm Paleogene muaj tsib aav:

• 2 subtropical.
• Equatorial.
• 2 tauj.

Lub siab kub nce active weathering. Relics ntawm laterite thiab kaolinite tub ntxhais cov khoom thiab lawv redeposition yog paub nyob rau hauv lub Brazilian ntaub thaiv npog nyob rau hauv California, Is Nrias teb, teb chaws Africa thiab cov Islands tuaj ntawm lub Indo-Malay Archipelago. Nyob rau hauv lub equatorial ib feem pib tsim ntub evergreen forests. Lawv muaj ib co zoo sib xws nrog cov uas twb muaj lawm arrays hnub no nyob rau hauv sub-Saharan Africa thiab lub Amazon. Ntub tropics twb raug rau Western teb chaws Europe, hauv lub tebchaws United States, yav qab teb thiab hauv paus cheeb tsam ntawm sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Europe, cov western qhov chaw ntawm Tuam Tshoj thiab Asia. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb zonebyli ntau ya raws-hlub evergreen forests. Muaj tshwm sim ferriallitnoe thiab lateritic weathering. Yav qab teb tropics npog lub hauv paus ib feem ntawm teb chaws Australia, qhov chaw ntawm South. America thiab South Africa.

subtropics

Lawv raug faib nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb teb chaws As Mes Lis Kas thiab sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe platform, yav qab teb Canada, Nyiv thiab cov Far East. Ua ke nrog evergreens tej yam plantings tau ncua mus rau cov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb Hemisphere subtropics twb ntau nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm Chile thiab Argentina, New Zealand thiab rau sab qab zog. Australia. Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm qhov chaw dej nyob rau hauv lub epicontinental seas siv yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 18 degrees. Tej zaum cov tej yam kev mob kaw mus rau lub ntsis, prevailed nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Far North ntawm lub North American sab av loj, nyob rau hauv Kamchatka ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv sab hnub tuaj Siberia. Thaum lub sij hawm Eocene, qhov loj ntawm lub teb chaws sov thiab equatorial aav ho txhab, lub tej yam kev mob ntawm lub subtropics yog moog deb mus rau lub ncov qaumteb qabteb cheeb tsam.

Yam ntxwv Paleogene

Nws pib 65 lab, thiab twb 23,5 lab lub xyoo dhau los. Raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib qhov chaw Paleogene faib Naumann nyob rau hauv 1866, nws twb muaj txog li no tus taw tes nyob rau hauv lub tertiary system. Tus qauv ntawm lub kiav txhab ua ke nrog cov laus thiab cov tub ntxhais tam sim no platforms. Tsis ntev los no kis sufficiently chaw loj loj nyob rau hauv geosynclinal fold koj cov menyuam. Lawv cheeb tsam raws li muab piv nrog rau cov pib ntawm lub Mesozoic, ho poob nyob rau hauv lub Pacific cheeb tsam. Ntawm no thaum pib ntawm lub Cenozoic era muaj nws kim heev tais roob cheeb tsam. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb hemisphere rau North America thiab Eurasia. Cov ob platform muaj ib tug array ntawm ancient thiab cov tub ntxhais formations. Lawv muab qhia lub Atlantic phiab, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Bering hiav txwv, cov uas twb muaj lawm niaj hnub no lawv muaj kev cob cog. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm Gondwana twb existed. Antarctica thiab Australia twb cais continents. South America thiab teb chaws Africa tau kev cob cog rua mus txog rau lub nruab nrab Eocene.

muaj

Paleogene Cainozoe txawv ubiquitous domination angiosperms thiab softwood (gymnosperms). Cov yav tas raug faib heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub siab latitudes. Lub equatorial hav zoov prevailed, nyob rau hauv uas loj hlob feem ntau roj hmab nroj tsuag, ntoo thiab ntau yam neeg sawv cev ntawm sandalwood. Hauv plawv ntawm lub teb chaws yeej los ntawm woodlands thiab savannas. Middle latitudes tej chaw rau cov kis ntawm cov teb chaws sov dej-hlub nroj tsuag thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm tsis kub tsis txias latitudes. Muaj tsob ntoo ferns, khau, khob cij thiab txiv tsawb ntoo. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm siab latitude hom muaj pes tsawg leeg hloov dramatically. Ntawm no nyob rau hauv lub Paleogene lub sij hawm loj hlob Araucaria, arborvitae, cypress, ntoo qhib, laurel, chestnut, redwood, Myrtle. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog raug cov neeg sawv cev ntawm muaj subtropics. Nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub Paleogene lub sij hawm yog thiab lub Arctic vajvoog. Nyob rau hauv America, Northern cov teb chaws Europe thiab lub Arctic yeej los ntawm coniferous thiab broad-leaved deciduous hav zoov. Tab sis loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov chaw no thiab subtropical nroj tsuag, raws li tau piav saum toj no. Nyob rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob tsis muaj ib qho ua rau ntawm lub ncov qaumteb qabteb hmo ntuj.

terrestrial fauna

Tsiaj txhu nyob rau hauv lub Paleogene lub sij hawm yog radically txawv los ntawm dab tsi lawv twb ua ntej. Es tsis txhob dinosaurs me me txheej thaum ub cov tsiaj. Lawv mas nyob tom hav zoov tsam thiab marshes. Significantly txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov amphibians thiab cov tsiaj reptiles. Lawv pib kis proboscidian, npua thiab tapiropodobnye, indikoterievye (li ib tug phaw twj kum). Feem ntau ntawm lawv tau txais rau nqa tawm feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov dej. Nyob rau hauv lub Paleogene lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntiaj chaw pib los nyob raws li cov poj koob yawm txwv nees, nas ntawm ntau hom. Me ntsis tom qab creodontas (txhom). Qhov saum ntawm cov ntoo pib mus nyob ib toothless noog. Savannah inhabited los ntawm predatory diatrimy. Lawv twb tsis tau ya cov noog. Kab tau hais nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Paleogene pib tshwm lemurs - cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov feem ntau txheej thaum ub pab pawg ntawm cov liab - prosimians. Tsis tas li ntawd pib nyob lub teb chaws loj marsupials. Cov lawv paub thiab herbivorous thiab carnivorous cov neeg sawv cev.

marine cov neeg sawv cev

Nyob rau hauv lub Paleogene lub sij hawm pib blossoming ntawm bivalve Molluscs thiab cephalopods. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau yav tas los hom, lawv nyob hauv Npanpiloo tsis tau tsuas yog qab ntsev dej, tab sis brackish thiab dej tsis qab ntsev dej. Ib txhia ntawm gastropods tau tswm rau lub lowlands. lus hiav txwv urchins tau ua tshwj xeeb ntau cov lwm invertebrates, lub paj rwb, bryozoans, corals, Arthropod. Me nqi tau hais decapod crustaceans. Cov no muaj xws, nyob rau hauv particular, xws li cws thiab Crayfish. Significantly txo piv rau ua ntej lawm sij hawm lub luag hauj lwm brahoipod thiab bryozoans. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm tsis ntev los no kev tshawb fawb, nws twb pom hais tias ib tug tshwj xeeb muaj nqis ntawm cov kab mob thaum lub sij hawm muaj cov neeg sawv cev nanoplankton - me me kokkolitofridy. Lub flowering ntawm cov golden algae lees paub rau Eocene. Ua ke nrog lawv, peb muaj ib tug nqi rockforming diatomaceous siliceous thiab flagellates. Hiav txwv inhabited kuj vertebrates. Ntawm lawv, cov feem ntau thoob plaws siv bony fishes. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub hiav txwv thiab twb tau mus kawm los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub pob txha mos - rays thiab Akulovo. Lawv pib tshwm rau hauv lub poj koob yawm txwv whales, sirens, dolphins.

East-European platform

Thaum lub sij hawm Paleogenic li neogene lub sij hawm tsim nyob rau hauv lub continental tej yam kev mob. Qhov kos yog lawv marginal qhov chaw. Lawv tej me ntsis deflection thiab pib tau them los ntawm ntiav seas. Kev loj hlob ntawm sab hnub tuaj nyob sab Europe platform nyob rau hauv lub Cenozoic yog txuam nrog kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub Mediterranean tsam. Thaum xub thawj, mas txos, thiab ces - qhov loj nqa. Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb ib feem ntawm lub Paleogene sagged platform, uas yog nyob ib sab mus rau lub Mediterranean siv. Nyob rau hauv ntiav seas pib noog carbonate-clayey thiab zeb sediments. Los ntawm kawg ntawm tus Paleogene phiab pib kom txo tau sai heev, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no lub sij hawm - Neogene - tsim continental regime.

Siberian platform

Nws yog sib txawv dog dig tej yam kev mob tshaj Eastern Europe. Thaum lub sij hawm Cenozoic era Siberian platform nws twb hais nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug txaus siab kom cheeb tsam ntawm yaig. Kuv pib tsim tau ib cov mountainous system ntawm lub sab qaum teb-sab hnub tuaj coj. Qhov siab chains nce nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm nce uas yog hu ua Baikalsky tsev ceev nyiaj. Los ntawm kawg ntawm AD nyob mountainous roob hav, ib co peaks uas mus txog peb txhiab. M. Nyob rau hauv lub axial ib feem ntawm lub cev tsim ntawm ntev thiab nqaim depressions. Lawv ncab tshaj ib tug deb ntawm ntau tshaj li 1.7 txhiab. Km ntawm lub Mongolian ciaj ciam mus rau hauv nruab nrab hoob kawm. Olekma. Qhov loj tshaj plaws pas dej yog xav tau kev nyuaj siab. Baikal - lub siab tshaj plaws qhov tob - 1620 m.