Ntau yam muaj nuj nqi

Qhuav muaj nuj nqi - yog qhia los ntawm txoj kev nyiaj txiag thiab xaam qauv ntawm dependence ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov coj yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm uas nws yog los. Xav txog lub tswvyim no ntxiv rau.

Cov kev ua haujlwm yeej ib txwm muaj ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb, txij li nws tau npaj rau kev siv tshuab. Kev qhia txog kev tsim kho tshiab tsim kev hloov lossis tsim ib yam tshiab ntawm kev vam khom.

Qhov kev ua no yog siv los nrhiav kev pom (tsawg kawg) tus nqi ntawm cov nqi uas yuav tsum tau tsim muaj qee cov khoom. Rau tag nrho lawm functions, tsis hais dab tsi hom ntawm ntau lawm lawv sawv cev rau, yog yus muaj los ntawm tej chaw cov khoom:

• Kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom muag uas tau ua vim tsuas yog ib qhov khoom (resource) muaj qhov kawg txwv (tsuas yog ib cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm hauv ib chav, tsuas yog qhov muaj tsawg tsawg qhov chaw).

• yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm yuav tsum interchanged (automation ntawm zus tau txoj kev) thiab complementary (cov neeg ua thiab cov cuab yeej).

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no feem ntau, cov kev ua haujlwm zoo li no:

Q = f (K, L, M, T, N), hauv daim ntawv me me no

Q - qhov khoom ntim khoom tsim tawm;

K - khoom siv (capital);

M - tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv raw;

T - siv cov yees duab;

N - peev xwm ua lag luam.

Hom kev ua haujlwm

Muaj ntau hom kev sib tos qhov no, uas ua rau tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsim ntawm ob qho tib si thiab ob peb yam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, ob lub ntsiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau los ua tus nto moo tshaj plaws: tus qauv ob ntawm tus qauv Q = f (L; K) thiab Cobb-Douglas.

Ob-tus qauv qauv Q = f (L; K)

Cov qauv no considers lub dependence ntawm cov zis (Q) ntawm ua hauj lwm rau cov nqi (L) thiab capital (L). Ntau zaus yog pawg neeg yogoquantum yog siv los txheeb cov qauv no. Isoquant - nws yog ib tug nkhaus uas txuas tag nrho cov tau ob peb ua ke nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm yam tseem ceeb ntawm ntau lawm, uas yuav tsim ib tug nqi ntawm cov khoom. Ntawm X-axis, cov nqi them zog feem ntau tau muab teev tseg, thiab ntawm Y-axis, peev. Muaj ntau cov lus qhia yog kos rau ntawm tib daim phiaj qhia, txhua tus uas sib sau mus rau ib qho ntim ntawm kev siv zug siv technology. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib daim card isoquantum nrog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom muag. Nws yuav yog qhov ua haujlwm rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm no.

Cov khoom nram qab no yog raug rau isoquantas:

• qhov txuas ntxiv yog ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb, qhov ntau dua cov zis;

• Cov duab tho txawv thiab nqis los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov txo qis siv peev nrog cov khoom siv khwv tau los ua rau kev nce nqi zog;

• Cov duab pleev ntawm cov kauj isoquant yog nyob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev hloov technology (qhov peev nyiaj uas yuav hloov tau ntxiv 1 chav haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm).

Cobb-Douglas muaj nuj nqi

Qhov no muaj nuj nqi ntau tshaj, uas yog tom qab ob tug neeg pioneer, uas tag nrho cov khoom siv Y yog nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov txheej txheem tsim, piv txwv li, txoj haujlwm L thiab capital K. Cov qauv:

Y = AKαLβ,

Qhov twg α thiab b yog qhov tseem (α> 0 thiab b> 0);

K thiab L yog peev thiab zog, feem.

Yog hais tias tus lej constants α thiab b yog sib npaug zos rau ib tug, ces nws yog lam xav hais tias xws li ib tug muaj nuj nqi yog tam sim no qhov rov qab los teev ntau lawm. Yog tias cov tsis tau K thiab L raug sib ntxiv los ntawm qee qhov coefficient, ces Y yuav tsum tau muab sib ntxiv los ntawm tib coefficient.

Cobb-Douglas qauv siv tau rau txhua lub tuam txhab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, α yog qhov sib koom ntawm tag nrho cov nqi mus rau capital, thiab β yog qhov sib koom mus ua haujlwm. Cobb-Douglas qauv kuj muaj ntau tshaj ob lub zog. Piv txwv li, yog tias N - yog lub teb chaws, lub ntau lawm muaj nuj nqi yuav siv sij hawm rau hauv daim ntawv Y = AKαLβNγ, qhov twg γ - qhov (γ> 0), thiab α + β + γ = 1.