Novo-Nikolsky Cathedral (Mozhaisk): hauj lwm, keeb kwm, relics thiab shrines

Lavxias teb sab Orthodox churches yog ib tug tshwj xeeb kev cai muaj nqis. Nyob rau hauv majestic architecture, huv si thiab animates lub ntuj kaaj quas lug feem ntau muab zais dab neeg, tag nrho ntawm mysteries, kev tsis sib haum thiab ntshav tawm tsam rau txoj kev ntseeg. Ib tug striking pov thawj ntawm no yog lub Cathedral ntawm St. Nicholas (Mozhaisk). Dua li ntawm qhov vagaries ntawm lub ntuj thiab keeb kwm kev zoo siab, nws sawv rau centuries thiab tseem dawb huv Lavxias teb sab av. Yuav ua li cas yog nws zaj dab neeg? Thiab dab tsi yog qhov secrets ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab shrines khw muag khoom noj nyob rau hauv nws phab ntsa?

qhov chaw

City, nyob qhov twg lub Cathedral ntawm St. Nicholas - Mozhaysk. Nws occupies ib sab ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob Lavxias teb sab lub zos. Tus thawj mention ntawm nws nyob rau hauv annals xa mus rau lub 13-14 th centuries. Thaum lub sij hawm lub archaeological excavations nyob sab finds los ntawm lub koob thib 3 txhiab. BC. e. Hais sib haum thiab consolidation raws li nyob rau hauv ib lub toj (tam sim no lub Cathedral Roob) nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog rau ntawm tus dej Mozhayki. Ib me ntsis tom qab Mozhaisk Kremlin ua tau ntawm no. Thaum xub thawj nws yog ntoo. Txawm li cas los, muaj ib tug tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 16th caug xyoo. Yog vim li cas rau nws raws li ib co lus ceeb toom tej zaum yuav tau ua tub sab thiab riots ntawm lub labial kho kom zoo. Tom qab hais tias, lub fortress tseem earthworks thiab pob zeb ntauwd burnt. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm Ivana Groznogo Mozhaisk Kremlin twb rebuilt.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj

Raws li cov chronicle cov ntaub ntawv Nikolsky Cathedral twb nrhiav tau nyob txog lub tib lub sij hawm raws li lub fortress nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 12th thiab lub nyob rau ntawm lub Nikolsky rooj vag. Ntoo chiv, nws tsis tau ciaj sia tom qab qhov hluav taws kub, yog li nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th dawb pob zeb lub tsev teev ntuj twb tsa. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws twb hu ua St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa Cathedral. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Polish-Lithuanian ntxeem tau lub tsev teev ntuj twb looted, lub tsev dim. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, lub tsev teev ntuj twb rebuilt. Rooj vag (sab sauv) lub tsev teev ntuj Nikolsky rooj vag tsim ib tug tshiab St. Nicholas Cathedral, thiab hauv qab no, ntsig txog, yog cov laus lub St. Nicholas Cathedral. Qhov thib ob tom qab ob peb reconstructions thiab dua lub npe hu ua lub Peter thiab Paul lub Koom Txoos.

piav qhia

Externally, tus Tshiab Cathedral ntawm St. Nicholas tsuas yog tej zoo xws li cov tsoos Orthodox lub tsev. Nws yog tua nyob rau hauv pseudo-Gothic style, uas lub npe hu ua Lavxias teb sab Gothic. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus twv los ntawm cov quirkiness ntawm architectural ntaub ntawv thiab ib lub hnub qub ntawm David nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Hauv lub tuam tsev yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ob tug carved ntoo txhua thiab (!) Saum ntseeg. Lub strangeness ntawm style nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub txwm (Orthodox) thiab kev txhawb los ntawm tus ntse sib piv nrog rau cov laus St. Nicholas Cathedral (tam sim no lub Peter thiab Paul Koom Txoos).

Novo-Nikolsky tuam tsev sawv ntawm lub Nikolsky rooj vag rau ntawm lub roob thiab zoo pom nyob rau kev nkag mus rau lub nroog. Archive ntaub ntawv thiab kev tsim kho drawings tsis tau dim. Txawm li cas los, ib txhia qhov chaw hais tias tus neeg sau ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm peb tes num yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab kws kes duab vajtse thiab artist Alexey Bakarev.

Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev pib nyob rau hauv 1779 tab sis tsuas ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 1814. Nws mus rau intermittently thiab lub periodic kev hloov ntawm cov masterminds thiab perpetrators, nrog ntxiv thiab reconstructions. Nyob rau cov phab ntsa yog ib tug txawv txawv symbolism yog tam sim no. Hais tias nws muab ib lub hauv paus rau historians mus hais lus cam txog qhov "Masonic" version siv. Qhov no yog qhia los ntawm cov Masonic cawv uas yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv cov xyoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tej zaum tau txuas lub hnub ntawm qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm lub 500 th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tuag ntawm lub xeem Master ntawm lub Templars - Jacques de Molay. Nyob rau hauv 1314, nws tau hlawv.

Lub tuam tsev kuj muaj xws li ib tug 11-ko taw phab ntsa ntawm Mozhaisk Kremlin, uas tsis tau ua kom puas rau ntawm ib lub sij hawm Polish rab phom. Nyob rau hauv ancient masonry, yus kev muaj zog thiab muaj kev cia siab twb tau muab siv raws li ib tug hauv paus.

Kaw Cathedral

Los ntawm 1933 mus 1994 - ib tug es vague thiab indefinite lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas lub neej ntawm lub nroog. Rau cov tsis paub yog vim li cas, nws kaw St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk thaum lub sij hawm lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog twb phem heev puas. Txawm tias lub tuam tsev txum tim rov qab (tsis muaj ib tug central dome ntawm lub rotunda), nyob rau hauv lub 60 xyoo ntawm knitting Hoobkas tau nyob ntawm no. Thiab nees nkaum xyoo tom qab, lub tsev teev ntuj thiab ib tug ob peb lwm cov tuam tsev tau kis mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Borodino tub rog Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1994 nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev pib dua mus pe hawm Vajtswv.

landslide

Nyob rau hauv 2013, muaj ib tug muaj zog Mozhaysk landslide. Nws tsaus muag av los ntawm lub toj uas lub New Cathedral ntawm St. Nicholas nyob. Nws yog amazing, tiam sis yeej muaj tseeb. Los ntawm sab kev puas tsuaj ntawm tsev spared uas landslide nres ntawm ib co 17 meters los ntawm lub tuam tsev. Raws li rau lwm tus neeg, me kev raug mob tseem cim nws thaj phab ntsa. Muaj stucco tsaus muag thiab poob bricks. Uas nyob ntawm lub nroog tau yeej ib txwm paub txog lub ntuj muaj mob thiab cov kev ruaj khov ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis txuas ntxiv mus koom cov kev pab cuam. Thiab tsis ntev lawv tsab ntawv twb sau ib daim ntawv mus rau lub Ministry ntawm Culture ntawm Russia nrog ib tug piav qhia, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug tsis ruaj tsis khov txoj hauj lwm yog ib qho Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Mozhaisk, thiab nug txog kev ntxiv zog rau nws. Nyob rau hauv 2014, tag nrho cov restoration ua hauj lwm twb tiav.

mysterious disappearance

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias St. Nicholas Cathedral mus rau lub revolutionary lub sij hawm las relics ntawm cov neeg ntseeg (Sergiya Radonezhskogo, None Vladimir, Lawrence-sharpener, martyr Makary thiab Barbara, lub Venerable Michael Stadskogo thiab Nikon Sukhoi). Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1919, lawv mysteriously thiab xwb.

Lwm yam mysterious disappearance tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1922. Lub sij hawm no tsis tau yog tseem ceeb tshaj nyob rau hauv sab ntsuj plig thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas cov ntsiab lus uas. ob ubrus nrog rau cov duab ntawm tus ntxhais nkauj xwb, ob Zvezditsa, lub chalice nrog tej lub dluab raug coj, kub crosses thiab cov ntawv uas qhia ntawm Peter I. Tag nrho cov khoom tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog diamonds thiab precious pob zeb. Tsis tas li ntawd zoo miter thiab chasuble nrog rau cov duab Nikoly Mozhayskogo. Leej twg tau seized thaj neeb yog tsis paub. Lawv zoo tsis muaj ib txoj lw.

Txawm li cas los, txawm heev heev qhia, nyob rau hauv 1925, lub zos historian N. I. Vlasev, cov sawv cev Mozhaisk koog tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv lawv cov phau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv kom meej piav lub tsho tshaj sab ntawm Nikoly Mozhayskogo nrog ib daim ntawv hais tias nws yog muab cia rau hauv lub Kremlin Armory.

icon

Ntawm kev muaj nuj nqis rau hauv lub nroog Mozhaisk yeej ib txwm tau ib tug icon ntawm Nikolaya Mozhayskogo - ib tug patron ntawm nws cov inhabitants. Tus thawj mention ntawm nws muaj nyob txawm nyob rau hauv lub epics "Sadko", "Mihajlo Potyk". Muaj kuj yog ib tug laus kev lig kev cai. Raws li nws, ib zaug hauv lub nroog besieged los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Tsoov txaus ntshai, cov neeg ntawm Mozhaisk pib thov Vajtswv Nikolayu Chudotvortsu. Tsis ntev lub fortress nyob ib majestic duab ntawm lub neeg dawb huv. Glittering rab ntaj thiab menacing saib ntshai cov yeeb ncuab. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas St. Nicholas los ua tus patron neeg dawb huv lawg Mozhaev. Tom qab hais tias, ib tug ntoo pej thuam yog tsim. Cov duab depicts lub neeg dawb huv nrog ib tug rab ntaj nyob rau hauv nws sab tes xis thiab Mozhaiskaya fortress - nyob rau sab laug.

Duab puab dai kom zoo nkauj caum nyiaj chasuble thiab miter nrog loj pearls, ib tug kub ntoo khaub lig thiab muaj nuj nqis heev pob zeb. Tus ntoo khaub lig nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab, thiab lub crown raug ua los ntawm cov tseem kub, thiab ntoo rab ntaj thiab lawg Mozhaev pozlascheny.

Cov duab ntawm St. Nicholas twb stationed nyob rau ntawm St. Nicholas Cathedral. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog ntawm 1812, lub tuam tsev (tseem tsis tiav) tau ho cuam tshuam, tiam sis cov sculptures thiab lwm yam precious lub tsev teev ntuj tais diav tau dim vim hais tias lawv tau muab zais tseg nyob rau hauv chav qab lawj. Niaj hnub no, cov tej yam qub qab yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv Moscow, lub Tretyakov Gallery. Thiab Nicholas Cathedral muab tso rau lub icon ntawm lub neeg dawb huv.

nthuav lus tseeb

• Lub miraculous duab ntawm St. Nicholas, mounted rau cov Nikolsky rooj vag, guarded los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab Mozhaisk. Coincidence los yog saum ntuj los pab, tab sis thaum lub icon raug coj tawm ntawm lub nroog, nws tau tam sim ntawd yuav los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Qhov no muab ib tug huv cov lus dab neeg, tab sis lub caij nyoog hnub thiab cov txheej xwm yuav tsis qhia.
• Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias muaj ntau tshaj ib tug teb ntawm St. Nicholas Lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv Russia. Ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Orenburg - ib qho ntawm feem mus xyuas. Thiab Nicholas Cathedral (Mozhaisk) yog saib tsam tus hiob nrog nws cov "kwvtij" thiab txawv txawv style ntawm architecture.
• Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 thaum lub sij hawm lub Fairground festivals nyob rau hauv Mozhaisk yog zoo kawg nkaus tshwm sim. Saum toj no St. Nicholas Cathedral rau ob peb hmo nyob rau hauv ib tug kab nws twb pom ib tug kaj ci ntsa iab. Pej xeem thawj coj nws rau ib tug tua hluav taws, thiab to taub, xam tau tias yog ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb thiab foom koob hmoov tus Tswv.

Niaj hnub no

Tam sim no Mozhajskij cheeb tsam boasts ntau tshaj ib tug teb chaw. Ntawm lawv yog cov tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb Orthodox churches. Thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no yog St. Nicholas Cathedral. Mozhaisk yuav nws cov nplua nuj keeb kwm thiab pos huab. Kom txog rau thaum tam sim no, zaum tau debated seb nws yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb Lavxias teb sab kev cai tus nqi los yog lwm Masonic cim. Tab sis rau cov Orthodox lub koom txoos tias nws tsis muaj nqi. Los ntawm tag nrho cov thoob Russia tuaj ntawm no kev ncaj ncees rau venerate tus dawb huv dluab thiab relics thiab xav huv si thiab animates lub ntuj kaaj quas lug. St. Nicholas Cathedral - ib tug tiag tiag keeb kwm monument, uas, nrog rau lwm yam ancient temples reminiscent ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub Orthodox txoj kev ntseeg, yog li inspiring thiab tseem cov neeg ntawm Russia.