Nekrasov, "Railway": Ib Analysis. "Railway" Nekrasov lub ntsiab lus, lub tswv yim ntawm cov paj huam

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1842, Nicholas kuv muab ib tug decree yuav pib siv ntawm cov thawj railway nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yuav tsum mus cuag Moscow thiab St. Petersburg. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm uas coj Chief Executive paths P. A. Kleynmihel, ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lub sij hawm. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1852, txoj kev tau launched.

Lavxias teb sab paj huam Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich, nplooj siab mus rau qhov kev tshwm sim yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kwv huam ntawm civil orientation. Nov yog nws cov xim nce attracted tsis yog li ntawd zoo npaum li cas, uas tau muab txoj kev yuav txo mus txawv tebchaws lub sij hawm los ntawm ib lub lim tiam mus rau lub hnub, tab sis qhov tseeb, nyob li cas nqi nws tau txais zog ntawm Guj kuj.

Los ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm creation

Cov paj huam "Railway" Nekrasov sau nyob rau hauv 1864 thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Kawm" magazine. Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub railway ntawm Moscow thiab St. Petersburg lub npe hu ua Nikolaev thiab P. A. Kleynmihel, distinguished los ntawm zoo kawg phem rau subordinates thiab kom hais nruab nrab lub hwj chim, muab tshem tawm los ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm los ntawm Alexander II.

Txawm li cas los, ib qho teeb meem uas seb puas tsimnyog cov neeg sau ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv lub 60 xyoo ntawm XIX xyoo pua yog heev tshuaj pleev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws unfolded siv ntawm railways nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws. Lub tej yam kev mob ntawm lub lag luam thiab cov txij nkawm ua hauj lwm muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv teb differed me ntsis los ntawm cov neeg piav Nekrasov.

Thaum ua hauj lwm rau cov paj huam, cov kws sau paj lug kawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm journalistic cov ntaub ntawv, xws li cov khoom N. Dobrolyubov thiab V. Sleptsova ntawm siab phem kev kho mob los tswj subordinates, luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1860-61, uas extends lub sij hawm cov khoom rau ib thaj tsam. Npe menyuam yaus tib Kleinmichel nce yuav tsum tau detract los ntawm qhov tseeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm censorship. Tab sis txawm qhov no tsis ua rau nws tsis tshua muaj damning, uas tso cai rau kom peb to taub nyob rau hauv-tob tsom xam. "Kev tsheb ciav hlau" Nekrasov ntau contemporaries ntaus nqi raws li ib tug bold denunciation ntawm uas twb muaj lawm thiab nyob rau hauv Alexander II txiav txim.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov paj huam

Khoom muaj 4 chapters, lub union ntawm cov dluab ntawm lub cev (lyrical), cov kev thiab nws tus tub Vanya ntes tau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub tsheb ciav hlau Moscow Petersburg. Raug luag hauj lwm epigraph tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug kev sib tham ntawm leej txiv thiab tus tub. Qhov ntawd yog cov lus teb rau cov general lo lus nug ntawm lub tub ntawm ib tug neeg uas ua qhov no railway tshwm sim los lub cev los cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev sib tham. Sawv tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab yog lub hauv paus rau ib lub paj huam (hauv qab no yog lub hom phiaj) "Railway".

Nekrasov chaw nyob nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tib cov me nyuam raws li Vanya. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, lawv yuav yeej yuav tsum paub tab sis yog iab, tab sis tseem muaj tseeb keeb kwm ntawm lawv lub teb chaws, raws li lawv yog cov neej yav tom ntej ntawm Russia.

Tshooj 1. Caij nplooj zeeg Toj roob hauv pes

Thaum pib ntawm lub paj huam "Railway" Nekrasov imbued nrog ib tug txiav txim zoo ntawm delight thiab so. Qhov no teev lub suab nrov muaj rau ntawm thawj kab: "Zoo caij nplooj zeeg" Rau cov neeg sau ntawm cov duab ntawm qhov, flashing ntawm lub qhov rais hauv lub tsheb, embody tag nrho cov darling Rus (los ntawm lub npe ntawm ib tug ancient thiab twb ncaim mus nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, nqus pa sov so thiab hlub), ib tug tshwj xeeb thiab hlub heev. Ntawm no, txhua yam yog zoo nkauj thiab harmonious, txawm nkag mus rau hauv lub teb ntawm view ntawm "Kochi", "ntxhuab bogs thiab tsob ntoo stumps." Tawm ntawm tag nrho cov kev npaj no yog tsuas yog ib lo lus sawv tawm, uas yuav ua rau tus nyeem ntawv ntau ceev faj: "yog tsis muaj disgrace nyob rau hauv qhov ...". Involuntarily rau lo lus nug tshwm sim: "Yog li ntawd qhov twg yog nws muaj?"

Tshooj 2. Cov builders ntawm lub railway

Tom ntej no Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich rov tus nyeem ntawv mus rau lub epigraph, thiab nug txog, "Papa" yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub "povhaum" (nyob ntawm no - kev ua yuam kev) kom nws tus tub thiab qhia rau nws cov ntsim tseeb txog cov creation ntawm txoj kev. Thaum pib ntawm qhov kev sib tham lub cev sau ntawv hais tias "qhov no ua hauj lwm ... tsis muaj ib tug nyob rau hauv lub xub pwg," thiab yog li ntawd nws yuav tsis Kleinmichel kev siv. Muaj zog tswj thiab txawm lub Lavxias teb sab huab tais tsuas yog ib tug huab tais - tshaib plab. Nws yog nws leej twg txhua lub sij hawm los txiav txim rau txoj hmoo ntawm lab ntawm cov neeg. Raws li deb raws li cov cai nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv no lub cev, yuav pab kom to taub lub nram qab no daim duab kos los ntawm tus sau thiab lawv tsom xam.

"Kev tsheb ciav hlau" Nekrasov tseem yog zaj dabneeg ntawm yuav ua li cas countless teeb meem thiab kev txom nyem twb nrov thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev siv. Tus thawj xaus, uas ua rau tus sau - cov zoo paths tau ua nyob rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm Lavxias teb sab. "Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv?!" - ib tug rhetorical exclamation, lo lus nug nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no hais lus tagnrho thiab tus xov tooj. Thiab mam li nco dheev slumbering nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm cov log Van pom ib tug txaus ntshai daim duab. Kom txog rau thaum nyuam qhuav, xws li ib tug zoo nkauj toj roob hauv pes muab txoj kev mus rau ib tug hauj lwm ntawm running tom qab lub carriage ntawm qhov tuag rov - txoj kev builders. Kev sib haum xeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to lawm ringing spades, sib tsoo ntawm cov hniav, plawv, quaj nrov thiab zaj nkauj ntawm cov raug kev txom nyem kev paub. Muaj ntau es tsis txhob qhob cij thiab cov nyiaj tau yog lub ntxa, vim hais tias tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm twb nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm nruab hnub nrig sij hawm los ntawm thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau lig lub caij nplooj zeeg thiab tej zaum lub caij ntuj no. Tab sis kev ua koob tsheej uas muaj cov tuag lus (tus sau hais lus rau lawv lub cev, uas ntxiv lends credibility xwm): "Ljubo peb pom nws ua hauj lwm." Nws yog ib qhov "noble cwj pwm ntawm ..." - ua hauj lwm - thiab thim cov xim uas tus me nyuam tub hais dabneeg.

hauj lwm Belarusian

Los ntawm khiav qab lub tsheb ciav hlau ntawm cov neeg coob coob sawv khov daim duab ntawm ib tug workaholic. Nws tsis txav mus, tiam sis tsuas yog "ib tug xeb duav rau hauv lub khov av rauj."

Yuav kom nkag siab txog lub txim ntawm unsustainable ua hauj lwm thiab tsis yog neeg nyob tej yam kev mob cia ib tug paub piav qhia txog ntawm nws daim duab thiab tsos, raws li zoo raws li lawv tsom xam ( "Railway" Nekrasov - tsaug tiag ua hauj lwm, uas qhia tag nrho unvarnished). Ib sij poob muag daj thiab bloodless daim di ncauj them nrog tawm yuag caj npab thiab txhais ceg o ( "mus ib txhis nyob rau hauv cov dej"), "yamoyu siab" thiab humped rov qab ... Tus sau piav qhia txog txawm tias ib tug lev nyob rau hauv nws cov plaub hau - ib tug kos npe rau ntawm tsis muaj tu cev thiab tsis tu ncua heev mob. Thiab monotonous, uas tau tsav mus automatism zog. Ntawm no nws erased qhov txawv ntawm tuag thiab tseem ciaj sia, tiam sis muaj mob heev heev txiv neej, yuav ua li cas cim Belarusian Nikolai Nekrasov. Lub tsheb ciav hlau raws li ib tug tshwm sim rau ib co nws ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm lub hwjchim ci ntsa iab, rau lwm leej lwm tus - lub qhov ntxa. Nws faus txhiab ntawm tsis paub hais tias cov neeg uas raug tsim txom.

Yog li ntawd, zoo nkaus li zoo siab tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm qhov nyob rau hauv tshooj 1, yog hloov los ntawm piav txog lub brutal exploitation ntawm tus txiv neej los ntawm tus txiv neej.

Tshooj 3. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv keeb kwm

Tshem ciav hlau xuav, zoo li lub suab quaj ntawm ib tug lau qaib, kov yeej mag li tiag tiag tsis pom kev (nco ntsoov cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txhiab, uas ntse siv nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Railway" Nekrasov). Lub tswv yim ntawm lub cev ntawm tus poj feat tiav los ntawm cov neeg, thiab zaj dab neeg txog ib tug amazing npau suav Vani ua ib tug general tis. Rau nws, tej yam yooj yim cov txiv neej tsis muaj ntau tshaj li drunkards, barbarians thiab ncuab. Nyob rau hauv nws kev nthuav qhia ntawm admiration tsim nyog xwb qhov tseeb creators ntawm kev zoo nkauj, thiab nws yuav tsum yeej tau kev tshoov siab feemxyuam neeg. Esthete lub siab, nyuam qhuav pom qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos thiab Vienna, cov kev yuam cai rau lub ruam txiv neej, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, yog tsis muaj peev xwm. Nrog kev tsim kho ntawm lub railway. Nyob rau hauv no tsis sib haum, lub cim reflected nyob rau hauv lub sij mid-xyoo pua confrontation ntawm materialists thiab aesthetes uas pab tau practicality (ie, ib tug av nplaum lauj kaub ..) Los yog cov zoo nkauj - ib tug pej thuam ntawm Apollo (Pushkin, "Lub Poet thiab cov neeg coob coob").

Leej Txiv ntseeg hais tias hais tias xws li cov dab neeg keeb teeb meem rau tus me nyuam lub plawv thiab nug saib lub "sab kaj" ntawm qhov kev siv. Cov paj huam "Railway" Nekrasov sau zaj dab neeg hais txog dab tsi rau cov neeg tau txais tus nqi zog rau nws ua hauj lwm.

Tshooj 4, "Cov Kaj Sab" tsev

Thiab cov ntsia raug nteg, cov tuag faus, cov neeg muaj mob - nyob rau hauv dugouts dag. Nws yog lub sij hawm yuav tau txais ib yam khoom plig rau lawv cov dag zog. Tag nrho cov xam foremen rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm: "Seb noj nyob rau lub da dej, seb tus neeg mob twb dag." Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, txhua tus neeg teev ntawv yuav tsum nyob twj ywm. Tiv thaiv no tom qab, ironic lus ntawm meadowsweet, dov tawm ib tug cask caw: "... qab kuv muab!" Melancholy xav conjures li cov tshooj ntawm nws tsom xam. "Kev tsheb ciav hlau" Nekrasov - yog qhov khoom tsis tsuas yog ntawm lub zog heroism ntawm Lavxias teb sab neeg, tab sis kuj ntawm nws servile fact, uas tsis zom. Tiv kev txom, ib tug neeg thov khawv, ib tug txiv neej accustomed mus mloog lus thiab exulted "Kupchinov qw" Hurrah! "," Nyob rau txoj kev mus rau maj ...

Cov duab ntawm lub lyrical paj huam "Railway"

Nekrasov, humiliation thiab enslavement ntawm cov neeg uas lub npe yog ib tug ntawm cov chief, txawv nws tus kheej raws li ib tug pej xeem, ib tug kev txiav txim zoo ntawm koj tus kheej lub luag hauj lwm rau txoj hmoo ntawm nws cov haiv neeg teb chaws.

Lyrical hero tab hais nws txoj hauj lwm thiab hwm lub fact tias nws ua lub kawm ntawm cov duab. Kev paub txog cov uas poob thiab mloog lus, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab neeg pluag, nws admired nws lub zog ntawm lub siab, lub dag lub zog ntawm cov ua cim, rau siab ntso thiab zoo kawg ua hauj lwm ethic. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tawm cia siab hais tias lub sij hawm yuav tuaj thaum tib neeg meej mom yeej, thiab qaug los ntawm cov masses yuav tau sawv ntsug nyob rau hauv nws tiv thaiv.

Kawm kev sib raug zoo mus rau ib tug paj huam

Tshiab ua hauj lwm Nekrasov tau tshwm sim los ntau pej xeem teb. Tsis yog lub caij nyoog, yog ib lub censors hu ua nws "ib tug txaus ntshai hais lus phem, uas yuav tsis tau nyeem tsis muaj ib tug shudder." A "Kawm" magazine, thawj luam tawm phau ntawv, tau txais ib cov lus ceeb toom txog kaw.

Plekhanov recalled acquaintance nrog ib tug paj huam nyob rau hauv lub xyoo kawg ntawm cov tub rog lub tsev kawm ntawv. Raws li nws cov lus povthawj, cov thawj ntawm nws lub siab xav thiab nws comrades yog ib tug tshaj plaws mus coj ib rab phom thiab mus rau "sib ntaus sib tua rau lub Lavxias teb sab neeg."