Tsim, Secondary kev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv
Multicellular kab mob: nroj tsuag thiab cov tsiaj
Txawm tias muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm ib-celled, ntau cov kab mob yog npaum li cas zoo dua paub rau cov txiv neej. Lawv sawv cev rau lub pab pawg neeg loj, uas muaj ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm ib lab hom. Tag nrho multicellular kab mob muaj tej yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv ntau, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm sib txawv heev. Yog li ntawd, xav txog tus nqi cais kingdoms, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj - thiab cov chav kawm.
Common zog
Lub ntsiab feature nkauj nraug unicellular thiab multicellular kab mob, yog ib tug ua hauj txawv. Nws cia li sawv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug complex lub cev hlwb pib khiav nyob rau hauv combining fabrics. Qhov yooj yim siv tsuas yog ib tug rau tag nrho cov tsim nyog zog. Nyob rau hauv no tsoos nroj tsuag thiab fungi lees paub rau nyias raws li tsiaj thiab cog hlwb kuj muaj qhov sib txawv. Tab sis lawv, dhau lawm, yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub npe. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub yooj yim, lawv yeej ib txwm muaj ntau hlwb, muaj ntau cov neeg uas muaj lawv tus kheej lub zog.
chav kawm ntawv tsiaj
Ntawm cov hoob kawm, feem ntau zoo-paub multicellular kab mob - tsiaj. Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv lem, tseem ceeb cov tsiaj. Qhov no mas lub koom haum hauv chav kawm ntawv ntawm chordates, uas muaj xws li plaub thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab hom. Nws cov neeg sawv cev tau ntsib nyob rau hauv tej ib puag ncig - rau daim av, nyob rau hauv cov av, nyob rau hauv tshiab thiab ntsev dej, nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Qhov zoo ntawm multicellular kab mob ntawm hom tshaj lwm yam nyob rau hauv ib tug tham apparatus lub cev. Nws yog muab faib mus rau hauv lub taub hau, caj dab thiab npog tas ib ce, ib khub pem hauv ntej thiab hind ob txhais ceg thiab tus Tsov tus tw. Vim qhov tshwj xeeb kev kho ntawm lub cev ob txhais ceg tsa saum toj no cov av, uas cov kev ceev ntawm lub zog. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog cov tubntxhais tuab thiab elastic daim tawv nqaij nruj cov hws, greasy, odorous thiab ob lub mis mob cancer. Tsiaj txhu muaj ib tug loj pob txha taub hau thiab txoj musculature. Muaj phrenic tshwj xeeb muab faib hu ua lub diaphragm. Kos tsiaj hom ntawm tsheb thauj mus los muaj xws li sib txawv kev ua ub no - los ntawm taug kev mus rau nce toj. Lub plawv muaj plaub lag thiab muab arterial ntshav ntawm tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij. Siv rau kev ua pa ntsws, mus rau ntsiab - ob lub raum. Lub hlwb muaj tsib departments uas muaj ntau hom cerebral hemispheres thiab lub cerebellum.
chav kawm ntawv noog
Teb uas muaj tus kab mob - multicellular, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais cov noog. Qhov no, yeej npaj sov-blooded creatures tau ya. Muaj ntau tshaj li cuaj txhiab niaj hnub hom. Tus nqi ntawm ib tug multicellular kab mob xws chav kawm ntawv yog incredibly siab, raws li lawv yog cov feem ntau, thiab yog li koom nyob rau hauv lub economic kev ua ub no ntawm cov neeg thiab ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Los ntawm lwm yam creatures noog distinguishes ob peb yooj yim zog. Lawv tau streamlined npog tas ib ce nrog forelegs, lub cev hloov nyob rau hauv lub tis thiab tus Tsov tus tw, uas yog siv raws li ib tug them nyiaj yug. Noog distinguishes qhuav tawv nqaij tsis muaj qog nrog horny formations lub npe hu ua plaub. Cev pob txha nyias thiab check, nrog rau cov cua kab noj hniav, muab nws cov lightness. Lub npag system muab lub peev xwm los mus taug kev, khiav, dhia, ua luam dej, nce toj thiab ob hom ntawm sib ntaus - soaring thiab flapping. Feem ntau cov hom yuav muaj peev xwm mus ncig teb chaws ntev mus. Noog tsis muaj hniav thiab yog muaj ib tug goiter, thiab cov nqaij department, zom zaub mov. Tus qauv ntawm cov lus thiab tus kaus ncauj nyob rau cov khoom noj specialization.
chav kawm ntawv cov tsiaj reptiles
Nws yog ib nqi hais txog, thiab qhov no hom ntawm creatures, cov sawv cev multicellular kab mob. Tsiaj txhu ntawm no hauv chav kawm ntawv yog cov thawj terrestrial vertebrates. Thaum lub caij, muaj txog rau txhiab hom. Nabqa daim tawv nqaij qhuav thiab tsis qog, nws npog horny txheej, uas los tsis tseg thaum lub sij hawm moulting. Check ossified cev pob txha txawv tam lub xub pwg thiab pelvic txoj siv, raws li tau zoo raws li tsim tav thiab lub hauv siab. Cov hnyuv yog ntev txaus thiab kom meej meej txawv, cov zaub mov no yuav siv lub puab tsaig uas ntse ntse hniav. Ua pa lub teeb nyob nrog ib tug loj nto, lub raj cua thiab bronchi. Lub plawv yog muab faib ua peb lag. Lub cev kub yog txiav txim tej vaj tse. Cai yog allocating ob lub raum thiab zais zis. Internal fertilization, qe yog muab tso rau hauv av thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug uas los yog plhaub-plhaub.
chav kawm ntawv amphibians
Enumerating multicellular kab mob, nws yog muaj nqis mentioning, thiab amphibians. Qhov no pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tsiaj yog thoob plaws, tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv ntau sov thiab noo kev nyab xeeb. Lawv tau mastered rau lub terrestrial ib puag ncig, tab sis lawv muaj ib tug ncaj qha kev sib raug zoo nrog cov dej. Tshwm sim amphibians los ntawm Crossopterygii. amphibian lub cev yog txawv tiaj zoo thiab sib cais ntawm lub taub hau, npog tas ib ce, thiab ob khub ntawm nqua nrog tsib ntiv tes. Ib txhia kuj muaj tus Tsov tus tw. Nyias daim tawv nqaij yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm lub qog ua kua qog. Lub cev pob txha yog muaj li ntawm ib tug plurality ntawm cov pob txha mos. Nqaij tso cai rau koj mus ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm taw. Amphibians yog txhom, khoom noj khoom haus yog nqis plab. ua pa nrog cev daim tawv nqaij thiab lub ntsws. Cov kab yog gills. Peb-chambered lub plawv nrog ob tug kev - xws li ib tug system yog feem ntau txawv multicellular kab mob. Lawv yog siv rau lub ob lub raum. Fertilization yog sab nraud, tshwm sim nyob rau hauv dej, txoj kev loj hlob yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nrog metamorphosis.
Cov chav kawm ntawv ntawm cov kab
Unicellular thiab multicellular kab mob, tsis yog tsawg kawg kuj txawv ib tug ceeb ntau yam. Qhov no muaj xws li hom thiab kab. Nws yog lub feem ntau heev heev cov chav kawm ntawv - nws muaj ntau tshaj ib vam hom. Kab nta lub peev xwm ya thiab siab muaj, uas yog muab musculature nrog jointed ob txhais ceg. Lub cev npog ib chitinous cuticle, cov txheej txheej uas muaj fatty tshuaj uas tiv thaiv tus kab mob los ntawm desiccation, UV teeb thiab kev puas tsuaj. Txawv ncauj txo kev sib tw hom uas tso cai rau koj mus kom ib tug high school cov xov tooj ntawm cov neeg. Lub me me ntau thiab tsawg pab yog ib tug ntxiv kom zoo dua rau cov ciaj sia taus, raws li zoo raws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj kev ntawm tu tub tu kiv - parthenogenetic, bisexual, larval. Ib txhia kuj txawv polyembryony. Ua pa muab intensive nkev pauv, thiab lub paj hlwb uas muaj zoo meej tsis totaub ib qho complex ntaub ntawv ntawm tus cwj pwm vim lub instincts.
cog nceeg vaj
Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus tsiaj yog feem ntau. Tab sis nws yog muaj nqis mentioning, thiab lwm yam multicellular kab mob - cov nroj tsuag. Lawv muaj txog peb puas thiab tsib caug txhiab hom. Lawv txawv los ntawm lwm yam kab mob no muaj peev xwm mus nqa tawm photosynthesis. Nroj tsuag ua nej zaub noj ntau lwm cov kab mob no. Lawv lub hlwb muaj txhav phab ntsa ntawm lub cellulose, thiab yog muaj nyob hauv lub chlorophyll. Feem ntau yog cov tsis tau muaj kev taw. Lower cov nroj tsuag tsis muaj ib tug kev sib cais ntawm cov nplooj, qia thiab cov hauv paus hniav. Ntsuab algae nyob rau hauv dej thiab muaj peev xwm yuav txawv los ntawm cov qauv thiab yug me nyuam txoj kev. Brown ua ntawm photosynthesis fucoxanthin. Liab algae muaj nyob txawm nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov tob ntawm 200 meters. Lichens - nram qab no Subkingdom. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov av tag, thiab yog siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab tshuaj industries. Ntau dua cov nroj tsuag yog txawv los ntawm xub ntiag ntawm nplooj, keeb kwm thiab stems. Qhov tseem txheej thaum ub - mosses. Qhov tseem tsim - cov ntoo uas yuav ua tau flowering, di- los yog monocots thiab conifers.
Lub nceeg vaj ntawm fungi
Nws yog tsim nyog los mus mus rau yav tas yam, uas tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug multi-cellular kab mob. Nceb muab nta ntawm ob nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu. Muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas txhiab hom. Qhov ntau haiv multicellular kab mob hlwb manifested feem ntau kom meej meej nyob rau hauv lub nceb - lawv yog cov muaj peev xwm rau cov me nyuam los ntawm spores, coj los ua ke vitamins thiab kom tseem, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raws li cov tsiaj yuav noj heterotrophically tsis nqa tawm photosynthesis thiab yog chitin, uas yog tseem pom nyob rau hauv arthropods.
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