Lus txoj cai thiab txhawb cov cai ntawm cov minorities

Cov lus nug nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los tau nce ua qhov kev kawm ntawm kev nom kev tswv rhetoric, pre-xaiv tsa cov lus cog tseg thiab sib tawb thiaj nrog cov neeg xaiv tsa. Feem ntau nws tsuas yog ib tug cover-sawv teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug zoo thiab nyiaj txiag spheres, tab sis muaj teb chaws nyob qhov twg qhov teeb meem ntawm ib hom lus raws li lub xeev "yog tsim nyog ib tug ntug." Cov lus txoj cai ntawm lub xeev raws li ib tug txheej ntawm kev ntsuas tsom ntawm txhawb tib yam lus los yog ua ntau hom lus, yeej ib txwm aims sib sau ua ke qhov sib txawv haiv neeg uas nyob lub teb chaws mus rau hauv ib tug nkaus xwb ib lub xeev - lub teb chaws. Ib qho ntxiv uas yog yuav ua li cas mus cuag cov kev kawm.

Peb muaj ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm ntau yam keeb kwm piv txwv ntawm inept lus txoj cai coj mus rau ib tug kiag li opposite nyhuv - es tsis txhob ntawm sib sau ua ke cov neeg, nws tau sib cais, fueled separatist sentiment thiab coj mus rau hauv tensions, tej zaum ua rau civil strife. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub UK rov qab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-thib nees nkaum xyoo pua cov xib fwb txim menyuam kawm ntawv uas tau noj hais lus Welsh, Irish los yog Scottish lus. Lub armed teeb meem nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb Ireland twb hnav tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug kev cai dab qhuas cim (Catholics tiv thaiv Protestants), tab sis kuj cov lus (Irish tiv thaiv cov English).

Nyob rau hauv Fabkis nyob rau hauv 1794 lub koom pheej dhau ib tug kev cai lij choj txwv tsis pub siv ntawm tej yam ntawm lwm yam lus thiab suab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, dua li cov zajlus Fabkis (nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog ib tug lub suab hais lus ntawm lub Ile-de-France xeev). Qhov no txoj kev cai raug rhuav pov tseg xwb nyob rau hauv 1951, tab sis ib tug ib nrab-xyoo pua Occitan, Basque, provencal, Breton, Italian, Corsican thiab lwm leej lwm tus - muaj yuav luag nkaus zoo. Seb qhov no coj mus rau cov lus txoj cai ntawm txoj kev sib sau ntawm cov neeg? Far los ntawm nws - thiab qhov loj demonstrations hu rau lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm lub regional lus inhabiting nationalities Fabkis yog ib tug ntshiab piv txwv ntawm no.

Nyob rau hauv lub Austro-Hungarian Empire, cov lus txoj cai tau tswj Maneuvering thiab cov tsi txhob chim ntawm lub conquered territories. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov monopoly thiab lub zos mus rau lub German, Austro-Hungarian tsoom fwv txhawb lub teb chaws lus: Opens lub Slovak tsev kawm ntawv, cov kev pab txhawb lub tswv yim Ukrainian thiab Polish pawg txhawb nqa feemxyuam hluas Italian. Yog li ntawd, lub "caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm Nations", thiab tom qab ntawd - lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Austro-Hungarian Empire tshwm sim tsis tau rau cov lus no, tab sis purely nom tswv.

Tsis zoo li Tsarist Russia, uas twb suppressed los ntawm tag nrho cov "non-Lavxias teb sab", los ntawm 1917 pib los txhawb regional lus txhawb lub ideology. Txawm li cas los, ntxiv nce qib ntawm ua lag ua luam tsis tau tuaj. Nyob rau hauv 30-ies koom exaggerated lub tswv yim hais tias lub Soviet Union tsuas yog 15 fraternal haiv neeg, thiab lub 15 union republics koom lus txhawb. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm tsoom fwv twb, piv txwv li, German, qub Mongolian, Finnish thiab lwm yam lus uas nws hais lus compact los yog ua li khiav ri nyob hauv ib ncig ntawm lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tsoom fwv tshaj tawm cov lus ntawm ib co republics ntawm lub "underdeveloped" xav tau "cov lus engineering" - thiaj li hais tias Moldovans forcibly kis los ntawm lub Latin tsiaj ntawv rau Cyrillic. Nyob rau hauv lub 50-60-ies ntawm lub Soviet lus txoj cai implicitly, tab sis radically hloov: thaum tus tag nrho tshaj tawm txhawb lub union republics lus, tsis txhob hais lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, yuav tsum tau "natsmenov" los ua unfashionable, nws yog ib tug kos npe rau ntawm backwardness thiab nyob deb nroog hauv paus chiv keeb. Cov tsis muaj hmoo yuav tau txais ntawm txoj cai no, peb yuav soj ntsuam ib qho piv txwv Russified Kazakhstan, Belarus, Ukraine thiab Moldova nyob rau hauv ib feem.

Lus txoj cai nyob rau hauv Russia, hmoov tsis, pub muaj ntau tus tiam sis tuaj lig USSR. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tshaj tawm, thov kom pab txhawb lub hom lus ntawm lub teb chaws ntawv, republics thiab xeev, lub Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv feem ntau tsis nco qab txog haiv neeg tsawg hom lus, compactly nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, txhua txhua tus pej xeem yuav tsum paub lub xeev hom lus ntawm lub teb chaws, tab sis hais tias tsis tau txhais hais tias nws yog txwv tsis pub hais lus thiab qhia lawv cov me nyuam los hais lus rau hauv lub hom lus. Yog hais tias lub xeev yuav tsis yuav nyob rau hauv lub siab tshaj plaws qib los txhawb cov lus ntawm lub teb chaws minorities, siv lub levers ntawm administrative tub ceev xwm, cov xov xwm thiab cov qib ntawm sau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv hom lus ntawm lub teb chaws minorities, tom qab ib co sij hawm, cov lus thiab dialects tuag tawm, thiab peb yuav nyob twj ywm ib tug kev xav ntawm dissatisfaction, resentment thiab lub teb chaws strife .