Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab, thiab cov duab

Niaj hnub no peb yuav tsis xav txog tej yam kuv lub neej tsis muaj tus duab. Lawv yog cov tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm peb txhua lub sij hawm. Ua ib tug yees duab - ib lub tsev ua hauj lwm rau cov niaj hnub tus txiv neej. Tab sis ib zaug no yuav tsuas npau suav. Cia peb kawm saib ua li cas yog lub keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab lauj kaub los ntawm tus thawj engineers yuav niaj hnub siv tshuab.

Tus txiv neej yeej ib txwm nyiam zoo heev. Muaj ib hnub nws xav kom piav txog nws, muab nws hloov. Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam nws coj rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zoo nkauj lus, nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag - lub suab, thiab nyob rau hauv lub painting - cov duab. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb hais tias nws yuav tsis ntes cov neeg - ib tug instant. Piv txwv li, mus caum tus xob quaj cua daj cua dub, dissecting lub ntuj, nco los yog so. Nrog lub advent ntawm lub koob yees duab yog ib tug ntau ntau tau. Lub keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub koob yees duab muaj ntau cov me nyuam inventions recorders duab. Nws pib ib lub sij hawm ntev dhau los, thaum kawm optics ntawm lub teeb refraction, lej pom hais tias cov duab yuav tsum ntxeev los ntawm xeem dhau los ntawm ib tug me me qhov mus rau hauv ib chav tsev tsaus. Xav txog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tej xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam lub keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab.

Kepler kev cai

Thiab koj paub, thaum lub keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab pib? Tus thawj technology, uas tom qab pib yuav tsum tau siv los tsim cov duab, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1604, thaum Yogann Kepler - German astronomer - tsim cov kev cai ntawm thiaj ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv daim iav. Tom qab, lawv nrhiav tau lub hom phiaj ntawm lo ntsiab muag los ntawm kev uas Galileo Galilei - lub Italian physicist - tau tsim lub ntiaj teb no tus thawj lub tsom iav raj soj ntsuam vaj xilethi-aus lub cev. ray refraction ntsiab cai yog tsim los pab thiab kawm txog. Nws tseem mus kawm tau li cas los sau lub resulting duab rau ntawm daim ntawv.

Qhib ntawm Niepce

Yuav luag ob centuries tom qab, nyob rau hauv lub 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Fabkis inventor Zhozef Nisefor Neps sab ib txoj kev duab capture. Muaj coob tus ntseeg hais tias nws yog los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd pib lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov koob yees duab. Lub inventive txoj kev muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm lub teeb nkag mus rau asphalt cov kua roj vanish thiab kom nws nyob rau hauv lub khob nto. Qhov no kua roj vanish twb sawv cev los ntawm ib yam dab tsi uas zoo sib xws rau cov niaj hnub bitumen thiab iav hu ua ib tug pinhole koob yees duab. Nrog rau qhov no txoj kev, cov duab mas yuav kis tau zoo lawm thiab los ua pom. Nws yog thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm, thaum lub painting twb kos tsis yog tus artist tab sis lub refracted rays ntawm lub teeb.

Tshiab zoo duab los ntawm Talbot

Kawm lub koob yees duab obscura Niepce, English physicist William Talbot tau ua kev txhim kho cov duab zoo los ntawm kev siv ib tug tsis zoo - nws tau yees ua photography print. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1835. Qhov no discovery ua rau nws tau tsis tsuas muab ib Diam duab ntawm ib tug tshiab zoo, tab sis kuj yuav luam lawv. Thaum nws thawj zaug yees duab Talbot kaw qhov rais ntawm nws lub tsev. Cov duab kom meej meej qhia tus qauv npaj ntawm lub qhov rais thiab ncej. Nyob rau hauv nws tsab ntawv ceeb toom, sau ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej, Talbot hu ua hauv daim duab ib tug zoo nkauj lub ntiaj teb no. Nws yog nws leej twg muab lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas siv los mus sau cov duab rau xyoo yuav tuaj.

Tus invention Sutton

Nyob rau hauv 1861, lub English yees duab T. Sutton tau tsim ib tug yees uas muaj ib zaug xwb reflex lens. Lub koob yees duab muaj ib lub kos thiab ib tug loj lub thawv nyob rau saum toj sab ntawm uas yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cover. Lub uniqueness ntawm lub hau yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws tsis kis lub teeb, tiam sis koj yuav saib tau los ntawm nws. Lens kaw tus tsom xam rau ntawm iav, uas nrog rau kev pab los ntawm tsom iav rau daim ib daim duab. By thiab loj, nws yog tus thawj koob yees duab. Keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntxiv ntawm photography tsim ntau dynamically.

"Kodak"

Hom nrov nta "Kodak" twb xub tshaj tawm nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv 1889, thaum Dzhordzh Istman patented thawj yob films, thiab ces lub koob yees duab uas yog tsim los rau no zaj duab xis. Cov no ib tug "Kodak" loj corporation. Nws yog nthuav kom nco ntsoov hais tias lub npe "Kodak" tsis dais tej semantic chaw thau khoom. Eastman cia li xav tuaj nrog ib lo lus uas yuav pib thiab xaus nrog tib tsab ntawv.

Phaj yees duab

Nyob rau hauv 1904, lub Lumiere trademark tau tsim muaj ib tug tso tawm phaj rau xim duab. Lawv tau los ua tus tsab ntawm tus niaj hnub daim duab.

Leica koob yees duab

Nyob rau hauv 1923, muaj ib lub koob yees duab uas ua hauj lwm nrog hli 35 zaj duab xis. Tam sim no koj yuav saib tau cov negatives thiab xaiv rau luam qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Ob xyoos tom qab, nyob rau hauv cov huab hwm coj zus tau tej cov koob yees duab tau launched Leica. Nyob rau hauv 1935, muaj ib tug qauv Leica 2, uas yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug viewfinder, ib tug haib ua kom pom tseeb, thiab yuav muab cov dluab ob rau ib tug. Ib tug version ntawm tus Leica 3 tso cai rau cov neeg mus kho qhov ntev ntawm raug. Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm Leica qauv yog ib tug tseem ceeb attribute nyob rau hauv lub yees duab kos duab.

xim zaj duab xis

Nyob rau hauv 1935, Kodak pib ua xim zaj duab xis "Kodakhrom". Tom qab printing no zaj duab xis nws yuav tsum tau muab muab rov qab rau kev kho nqi lus, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov xim Cheebtsam yog superimposed. Xya xyoo tom qab, qhov teeb meem yog solved. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov zaj duab xis "Kodakkolor" rau tom ntej no ib nrab-xyoo pua tau ib yam ntawm cov feem ntau nquag siv nyob rau hauv kev thiab pib xyaum ua photography.

"Polaroid" lub koob yees duab

Nyob rau hauv 1963, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab muaj ib tug tshiab vector. Lub koob yees duab "Polaroid" muab lub tswv yim ntawm ib tug ceev ceev yees duab printing. Lub koob yees duab tso cai rau koj mus luam duab tam sim ntawd tom qab nws tau ua. Koj muaj tsuas mus nias ib lub pob thiab tos ib tug ob peb feeb. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no, lub koob yees duab thim rau ib tug huv luam duab nkhaus, thiab ces tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm cov xim. Rau tom ntej no 30 xyoo, "Polaroid" koob yees duab ruaj lub championship rau lub lag luam. Cov poob nyob rau hauv muaj koob meej ntawm cov qauv pib xwb nyob rau hauv xyoo thaum originated lub era ntawm digital photography.

Nyob rau hauv lub 70 lub pib muab cov koob yees duab raug 'meter', pib kom pom tseeb, ua-nyob rau hauv flash thiab tsis siv neeg shooting hom. Nyob rau hauv lub 80s, ib txhia ua qauv uas twb tau nruab nrog kua siv lead ua zaub, uas qhia txog cov chaw thiab cov hom ntawm tus dais. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub digital camera pib txog lub tib lub sij hawm.

Lub era ntawm cov duab

Nyob rau hauv 1974, ua tsaug rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob astronomical tsom iav raj, ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ua lub thawj cov yees duab ntawm lub ntuj. Nyob rau hauv 1980, Sony launched qhov kev tso tawm ntawm ib cov koob yees duab Mavica. Lub yees duab, tua nws, twb muab sau tseg rau muag nthas diskette tsav. Nws yuav endlessly ntxuav rau lub tshiab cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1988 tuaj thawj qauv ntawm lub digital ntaus ntawv los ntawm Fujifilm. Tus ntaus ntawv yog lub npe tis Fuji DS1P. Duab coj nws, khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov daim ntawv rau ib tug hluav taws xob nruab nrab.

Nyob rau hauv 1191, Kodak tau tsim ib cov SLR koob yees duab, uas muaj ib tug 1.3 megapixel daws teeb meem thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm kev khiav dej num uas ua rau nws mus rau lub kev cov duab. Ib tug Canon lub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv 1994 tau muab nws cov koob yees duab kho qhov muag duab stabilization system. Raws li los ntawm Canon zaj duab xis qauv tsis yeem thiab lub tuam txhab Kodak. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1995. Lub tom ntej keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab tau hloov zuj zuj txawm ntau dynamic, thaum fundamentally tseem ceeb txoj kev loj hlob yog tsis muaj ntau. Thiab hais tias yog dab tsi nws yog, yog li no yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv loj thiab nqi thaum ua functionality. Nws yog mus txog rau lub kev vam meej ua ke nrog ntawm ob yam no, thiab niaj hnub no lub tuam txhab nyob rau qhov kev vam meej ntawm kev ua lag luam.

2000s

Samsung Corporation thiab Sony, uas yog tsim raws li nyob rau hauv cov tshuab, absorbed tus tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm lub lag luam ntawm cov koob yees duab. Amateur qauv kov yeej tus ciam teb nyob rau hauv 3 megapixel daws teeb meem thiab pib sib tw nrog cov kev cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv loj ntawm lub matrix. Dua li ntawm qhov ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov technologies - kom tau ntsej muag thiab luag ntxhi nyob rau hauv tus ncej, tshem cov "liab" ob lub qhov muag, ntau yam zoom thiab lwm yam kev khiav dej num, - tus nqi ntawm Diam duab cov khoom yog sai ntog. Tes nruab nrog lub koob yees duab thiab digital zoom, camera pib rau thaum nws. Zaj duab xis pab kiag li lawm ob peb heev neeg yog xav nyob rau hauv, thiab analog photography pib tau menyuam raws li ib tug rarity.

Yuav ua li cas puas cov koob yees duab?

Tam sim no, peb paub tias koj los ntawm ib co theem yog cov dab neeg uas cov koob yees duab. Ib tug nyuag saib nws, saib cov koob yees duab ntaus ntawv los ze zog.

Zaj duab xis lub koob yees duab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov nram no txoj kev: dhau los ntawm lub hom phiaj aperture, lub teeb reacts nrog cov zaj duab xis coated nrog cov tshuaj hais thiab muab nyob rau ntawd. Lub tsev nyob tsis kis lub teeb, raws li zoo raws li lub cover zaj duab xis tuav tseg. Nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis channel, cov zaj duab xis yog rewound tom qab txhua txhaj koob tshuaj tivthaiv. Lub lens muaj ob peb lo ntsiab muag uas tso cai rau koj yuav hloov lub kom pom tseeb. Nyob rau hauv kev lens tsuas yog lub lens, kuj ntsia tsom iav. Lub brightness ntawm tus kho qhov muag duab yog tom los ntawm ib tug diaphragm. Nrog rau cov shutter yog me ntsis qhib shutter yuav tsum vov zaj duab xis. Ntev npaum li cas lub shutter yog qhib, nws nyob ntawm raug cov duab. Yog hais tias qhov kev kawm no tsis zes, lub flash siv. Nws muaj ib tug roj-paug teeb, nrog instantaneous tsis zoo siab uas yuav tau lub teeb, tau siab tshaj lub brightness ntawm lub teeb ntawm txhiab ntawm taws tswm ciab.

Cov koob yees duab rau cov theem ntawm cov zaj uas lub teeb los ntawm lub lens, thiab kuj ua haujlwm raws li ib tug zaj duab xis. Tab sis tom qab cov duab refracted los ntawm tus kho qhov muag system, nws yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub matrix. Cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub matrix nyob ntawm qhov zoo ntawm cov duab. Tom qab nws recoded duab no yog muab cia rau hauv cov daim ntawv rau ib tug cov ntaub ntawv cab kuj. Lub tsev nyob ntawm xws li ib tug lub koob yees duab yog zoo li tus zaj duab xis, tab sis nws lacks lub channel ntawm zaj duab xis thiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub lig xov nrog cov zaj duab xis. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, qhov loj ntawm lub digital camera yog me npaum li cas. Npaj cwj pwm ntawm hnub no lub digital qauv yog lub LCD zaub. Nws, nyob rau hauv ib tes, ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug viewfinder, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - tso cai rau ib qho yooj yim navigation los ntawm cov zaub mov thiab saib qhov tshwm sim ntawm ua kom pom tseeb.

Lens cov ntaus ntawv kuj muaj lo ntsiab muag los yog iav. Nws tej zaum yuav me me, tab sis haumxeeb nyob rau hauv neeg cov koob yees duab. Cov ntsiab keeb ntawm cov koob yees duab yog ib tug matrix sensor. Nws yog ib tug me me phaj nrog ib tug neeg xyuas pib, uas tas cov duab zoo. Rau tag nrho cov nta ntawm ib cov koob yees duab raws li lub microprocessor.

xaus

Niaj hnub no peb kawm txog dab tsi theem yog ib tug fascinating zaj dab neeg txog cov koob yees duab. Duab hnub no tsis surprise leej twg, tiam sis muaj lub sij hawm thaum lawv raug xam tias yog ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm engineering. Tam sim no tus yees duab yog ua li cas nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm vib nas this, thiab ua ntej nws yuav siv sij hawm hnub.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub koob yees duab nrog lub advent ntawm cov koob yees duab muaj ib tug tshiab landmark kev loj hlob. Yog hais tias ua ntej lawm ib tug kws yees duab yuav tsum mus rau tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm tricks kom tau ib tug duab zoo nkauj, tab sis tam sim no nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov neeg nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv software koob yees duab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tej cov duab yuav tsum ntxiv edited rau lub computer. Lub creators ntawm cov thawj koob yees duab ntawm qhov no tsis txawm ua npau suav ntawm.